White blood cell pathology
From WikiLectures
White blood cell parameters[edit | edit source]
- leukocytosis: > 10,000
- leukopenia: < 4,000
- neutropenia: < 1,000 (in children 2 weeks to 1 year), < 1,500 (in children over 1 year)
- agranulocytosis: < 500
- lymphocytosis: > 5,000
- lymphopenia: < 1,500
- monocytosis: > 800 or > 10% in diff.,
- eosinophilia: > 600 or > 10% in diff.,
- basophilia: > 100 or > 1% in diff.
Differential diagnosis of leukocytosis and neutrophilia[edit | edit source]
- Pyogenic infections
- connective tissue disease
- glomerulonephritis
- acidosis
- uremia,
- acute bleeding
- hemolysis
- burns
- surgery
- liver necrosis
- dehydration
- corticoids
- catecholamines
- lead and mercury poisoning
- metastases in the bone marrow
Physiological causes of leukocytosis and neutrophilia[edit | edit source]
Leukemoid reactions[edit | edit source]
The leukemoid reaction is a situation where we find tens of thousands of leukocytes/mm3 + a significant shift to immature forms. The determination of ALP in neutrophils can help in differential diagnosis (in leukemia, ALP is decreased, in leukemoid response in infection or systemic disease, ALP is normal or increased). When in doubt, bone marrow aspiration can be used to distinguish leukemia from leukemoid reactions.
Differential diagnosis of lymphocytosis[edit | edit source]
Absolute lymphocytosis
- infectious lymphocytosis
- infectious mononucleosis
- pertussis
- syphilis
- TB
- hyperthyroidism
relative lymphocytosis
Differential diagnosis of neutropenia[edit | edit source]
- congenital
- reticular dysgenesis
- congenital pluripotent stem cell disorder
- Kostmann syndrome
- cyclic neutropenia
- Schwachmann syndrome
- neutropenia in DMP: glycogenosis, Gaucher.
- acquired
- isoimmune neonatal neutropenia
- vitamin B12 deficiency
- folic acid deficiency
- autoimmune etiology
- SLE
- JIA
- SCID
- Hyper IgM syndrome
- Evans syndrome
- lymphomas
- drugs: chloramphenicol, antiepileptics, thyrostatics
- infections: EBV, CMV, HHV 6, HIV, Parvovirus, hepatitis, varicella, mumps
- idiopathic neutropenia
Differential diagnosis of eosinophilia[edit | edit source]
- Allergic diseases
- skin diseases: eczema atopicum
- parasitic infections: toxocarosis, oxyuriasis
- m. Hodgkin
- scarlet fever
References[edit | edit source]
Source[edit | edit source]
- HAVRÁNEK, Jiří: Hematologie - obecný úvod . (managed)
