White blood cell pathology

White blood cell parameters

  • leukocytosis: > 10,000
  • leukopenia: < 4,000
  • neutropenia: < 1,000 (in children 2 weeks to 1 year), < 1,500 (in children over 1 year)
  • agranulocytosis: < 500
  • lymphocytosis: > 5,000
  • lymphopenia: < 1,500
  • monocytosis: > 800 or > 10% in diff.,
  • eosinophilia: > 600 or > 10% in diff.,
  • basophilia: > 100 or > 1% in diff.
Hematopoietic lineage

Differential diagnosis of leukocytosis and neutrophilia

Physiological causes of leukocytosis and neutrophilia

Leukemoid reactions

The leukemoid reaction is a situation where we find tens of thousands of leukocytes/mm3 + a significant shift to immature forms. The determination of ALP in neutrophils can help in differential diagnosis (in leukemia, ALP is decreased, in leukemoid response in infection or systemic disease, ALP is normal or increased). When in doubt, bone marrow aspiration can be used to distinguish leukemia from leukemoid reactions.

Differential diagnosis of lymphocytosis

Absolute lymphocytosis

relative lymphocytosis

Differential diagnosis of neutropenia

congenital
acquired

Differential diagnosis of eosinophilia

  • Allergic diseases
  • skin diseases: eczema atopicum
  • parasitic infections: toxocarosis, oxyuriasis
  • m. Hodgkin
  • scarlet fever

References

Source

  • HAVRÁNEK, Jiří: Hematologie - obecný úvod . (managed)