Respiratory acidosis
RAC:
- We distinguish between acute and chronic;
- imbalance between CO 2 production by tissues and its excretion
- we create 13,000-15,000 mmol per day.
Acute respiratory acidosis
- Hypercapnia, always accompanied by hypoxemia and lactic acidosis;
- respiratory distress, restlessness, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, up to stupor and coma .
Causes
- Airway obstruction
- neuromuscular causes (strain damage, respiratory depression, myasthenia, botulism, tetanus ,…);
- respiratory reduction - pneumothorax, hemothorax, pneumonia ,…;
- circulatory disorders - embolism;
- poorly performed artificial respiration.
Chronic respiratory acidosis
- Chronic reduction in effective alveolar ventilation;
- renal compensation occurs - Na + and HCO 3 - retention, Cl - is increasingly excreted;
- erythrocyte count increases, Hb increases;
- hypercapnia initially stimulates the respiratory center, at pCO 2 above 9 kPa - attenuation - as stimulation at that moment is mainly hypoxemia → do not give pure oxygen!!!
Causes
- COPD;
- chronic sedative overdose;
- primary alveolar hypoventilation;
- Pickwick syndrome;
- neuromuscular impairment;
- anatomical deformity of the chest - kyphoscoliosis ,…;
- terminal stages of pulmonary fibrosis.
Links
Related articles
- Parameters of acid-base balance
- Mechanism of maintaining acid-base balance
- Laboratory examination of acid-base balance
- Disorders of acid-base balance
- Correction and compensation of acid-base imbalances
- Principles of treatment of acid-base balance disorders
- Relationships between acid-base balance and ionogram
References
- SCHNEIDERKA, Petr, et al. Chapters from clinical biochemistry. 2nd edition. Prague: Karolinum, 2004. ISBN 80-246-0678-X .
Category: Chemistry | Physiology | Pathobiochemistry | Pathophysiology | Clinical Biochemistry | Internal Medicine
