Examination and important pathological changes in the eye area

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Eye area[edit | edit source]

Eyebrows[edit | edit source]

  • Prominent in acromegaly.

Eyebrows[edit | edit source]

Caps[edit | edit source]

Bulbes[edit | edit source]

Physiologically, they are in the middle position. We examine the mobility of the bulbs with the patient's head fixed, we have a finger about 1 m from his eyes and we move with him horizontally and vertically.

  • Exophthalmus - ventricular appearance of the bulbs and widening of the eye slit, bilateral and symmetrical; in thyrotoxicosis – other manifestations:
    • Moebi's symptom – when viewed close to the bulbs, they diverge due to muscle weakness.
    • von Graefe's sign – the lid does not follow the bulbus during craniocaudal movement – a white crescent appears.
    • Stellwag's symptom – sparse blinking.
  • endophtalmus – bulb invasion – rarer, part of Horner's Triassic along with miosis and eyelid ptosis,
  • strabismus – weakening of the eye muscles,
  • nystagmus – rapid eye movements.

Conjunctivae[edit | edit source]

  • Pale – in anemia,
  • hemorrhages – in bleeding conditions,
  • hyperemic – inflammation,
  • xerophthalmia – dry eyes – vitamin A deficiency.

Sclera[edit | edit source]

Cornea[edit | edit source]

Pupils[edit | edit source]

  • Mydriasis – pupil dilation – parasympathetic disorder,
  • miosis – pupil narrowing – sympathetic disorder.


Links[edit | edit source]

Literature[edit | edit source]

  • CHROBÁK, Ladislav. Propedeutika vnitřního lékařství. 2. edition. Grada, 2003. ISBN 80-247-0609-1.


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