Hemoptysis, Hemoptoe, differential diagnosis and first aid / PGS (VPL)

Definition

Hemoptysis: Coughing of light red blood coming from the throat, tracheobronchial trunk or alveoli.

Hemoptoe: Designation for massive hemoptysis.

Distinguish from hematemesis, which is the vomiting of clotted dark red blood from the stomach, when bleeding in the stomach or esophagus.

Etiology

Tumor:

• bronchogenic karcinoma (most common);
• bronchial adenoma (rare);

Inflammation;

• TBC;
• bronchitis;
• pneumonia;
• bronchiektasis;
• lung abscess;

Hemodynamics;

• pulmonary infarction;
• pulmonary edema;
• mitral stenosis;

Hemorrhagic diathesis; Bleeding from the ENT area;

• nose bleeding;
• in tumor in the ENT area;

Rare causes;

• iatrogenic – anticoagulants, thrombolytic therapy, puncture (percutaneous liver biopsy, thoracic root block), biopsy (after bronchoscopy);
• vascular disease - arteriovenous fistula (AV fistula), Osler's disease (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia), thoracic aortic aneurysm;
• restrictive lung disease - cracks in the lung parenchyma with its wrinkling, leading to pneumothorax and hemoptysis;
• systemic diseases - Goodpasture syndrome (acute pulmonary-renal syndrome, where 80% of patients are men under 30 years of age patients with glomerulonephritis), polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus).

Diagnostics

Corresponds to the suspicion and severity of the clinical condition.

• Dispatch 'for immediate hospitalization' 'to the pulmonary or internal medicine department for diagnosis and therapy.
• Sending a 'to a specialist' 'to a pulmonologist or internist for an X-ray chest and bronchoscopy.

Links

Literature

• GESENHUES, S – ZIESCHÉ, R. Vademecum lékaře. 1. české edition. Praha : Galén, 2006. ISBN 80-7262-444-X.