Portal:Exam Topics in Pathology (1. LF UK, GM)
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General Pathology
- General mechanisms of the cell injury
- Cell death: necrosis, apoptosis
- Tissue and organ adaptation - definitions, examples
- Hyperplasia
- Hypertrophy
- Atrophy
- Metaplasia
- Pathology of cell organelles and cytoskeleton
- Metabolic disorders and intracellular metabolite accumulations
- Intracellular accumulation of lipids - steatosis
- Intracellular accumulation of proteins
- Amyloidosis
- Glycosaminoglycan accumulations (mucopolysaccharidoses), mucoviscidosis
- Disorders of saccharide metabolism (diabetes mellitus, glycogenoses)
- Exogenous pigmentations, including pneumoconioses
- Endogenous pigmentations
- Pathologic calcification
- Disorders of water transport, hydration and cell swelling
- Cardial findings in circulatory failure
- Extracardial findings in circulatory failure
- Thrombosis
- Embolism
- Hyperemia
- Ischemia
- Infarction
- Edema
- Dehydration
- Hemorrhage
- Faintness, shock and circulatory collapse
- Definition and causes of inflammation
- Macroscopic findings in inflammation
- Basic microscopic features of inflammation
- Acute inflammation
- Phases of inflammation
- Cellular events in inflammation
- Outcomes of acute inflammation. Healing in acute inflammation
- Chronic inflammation
- Systematic in morphologic patterns of exsudative inflammation
- Morphologic patterns of superficial inflammation and its healing
- Morphologic patterns of interstitial inflammation and its healing
- Granulomatous inflammatory disorders
- Tuberculosis – forms and findings
- Primary (preimmune) tuberculosis
- Secondary (reactivation, postprimary) tuberculosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Acquired syphilis
- Congenital syphilis
- Leprosy
- Systemic effects in inflammation
- Regeneration and repair
- Wound healing
- Healing of thrombi, hematomas and fractures
- Immune mechanisms of tissue injury
- Pathology of transplantation
- Autoimmune diseases
- Immunodeficiency
- Definition and classification of tumors
- Characteristics of benign, borderline and malignant tumors
- Local tumor growth, metastasis
- Hereditary and acquired preneoplastic conditions and lesions (precanceroses)
- Cancerogenes
- Molecular basis of neoplasia, genomic instability
- Tumor typing, grading and staging
- Tumor-like conditions (pseudotumors)
- Epithelium tumors
- Mesenchymal tumors
- Mesothelium tumors (mesotheliomas)
- Hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumors
- Neuroectodermal tumors
- Melanocytic tumors
- Germ cell tumors
- Mixed tumors
- Virus and host cell interactions
- Morphologic patterns of the most frequent viral infections of mucosae and skin
- Morphologic patterns of the most frequent viral infections of respiratory system
- Mechanisms of bacterial injury to cells and tissues
- Local and systemic changes in infections
- Morphologic patterns of the most frequent Gram-positive bacterial infections
- Morphologic patterns of the most frequent Gram-negative bacterial infections
- Acid-fast rods infections
- Spirochaetal infections
- Anaerobic infections
- Obligate intracellular bacterial infections
- Morphologic patterns of the most frequent intestinal parasitic diseases (giardiasis, amoebiasis, taeniasis, ascariasis, enterobiasis, strongyloidiasis, ancylostomiasis, )
- Morphologic patterns of the most frequent systemic parasitic diseases (trypanosomiasis, toxocariasis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, hydatidasis, trichinosis, filariasis, )
- Toxoplasmosis
- Malaria
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Superficial mycoses
- Deep mycoses
- Chemical causes of diseases
- Physical causes of diseases
- Nutritional diseases
- Congenital developmental disorders – types, causes, pathogenesis, consequences
Organ Pathology
The Heart and Vessels
- Vasculitis
- Aneurysms
- Atherosclerosis
- Diseases of veins, varices
- Neoplasms of blood vessels
- Pathology of lymphatic vessels
- Congenital heart defects
- Ischemic heart disease
- Hypertension, heart in hypertension
- Pathology of pulmonary circulation
- Diseases of endocardium
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Infectious endocarditis
- Noninfectious endocarditides
- Valvular defects
- Diseases of myocardium
- Diseases of pericardium
- Age related heart diseases
- Neoplasms of heart
Haematopoietic and Lymphoid System
- Anemias
- Chronic myeloproliferative diseases
- Myelodysplastic syndromes
- Leukemias
- Plasma cell neoplasms and monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases
- Hemorrhagic diseases
- Inborn disorders of blood coagulation
- Acquired disorders of blood coagulation
Lymphatic Nodules and Spleen
- Lymphadenitides
- Non-inflammatory lymphadenopathies
- Neoplasms of lymph nodes and extranodal lymphatic tissue (lymphomas)
- Non-Hodgkin lymphomas
- Hodgkin lymphoma (Hodgkin disease)
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- Splenomegaly
Thymus
Resiratory tract
- Non-neoplastic diseases of nose, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx
- Tumours of nose, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx
- Non-neoplastic diseases of larynx and trachea
- Tumours of larynx and trachea
- Bronchitis, bronchostenosis and bronchiectasia
- Astma bronchiale
- Disorders of lung aeration
- Disorders of lung circulation
- Lung edema
- Pulmonary trombembolism
- Diffuse alveolar damage
- Lung inflammation - classification
- Bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia
- Interstitial pneumonias
- Granulomatous lung inflammation
- Pneumoconioses
- Lung tumours
- Pathology content of the pleural cavity
- Pleuritis
- Tumours of the pleural cavity
Gastrointestinal Tract
- Oral cavity – regressive and metabolic changes, pigmentation
- Acute inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity
- Chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity
- Tumours and pseudotumours of the oral soft tissues
- Orofacial epithelial neoplasms
- Developmental disorders of dentice
- Dental caries
- Pulpitis Periodontitis Parodontopathies
- Head and neck cysts
- Odontogenic tumours
- Non-neoplastic salivary gland diseases
- Neoplasms of salivary glands
- Diseases of pharynx and tonsils
- Non-neoplastic diseases of esophagus
- Tumours of esophagus
- Gastritis
- Peptic ulcer
- Neoplasms of stomach
- Diverticula
- Malabsorption syndromes
- Infectious inflammations of intestine
- Idiopathic inflammations of intestine
- Appendicitis
- Disorders of the bowel integrity and position
- Ileus
- Neoplasms of intestine
- Diseases of peritoneum
- Hernias
Liver and Biliary Tract
- Disorders of the liver development
- Regressive changes of the liver (necrosis, apoptosis, storage diseases, jaundice …)
- Metabolic liver diseases
- Icterus and cholestasis
- Viral and autoimmune hepatitides
- Immune inflammatory diseases of the intrahepatic biliary ducts
- Drug and chemicals related hepatopathies
- Liver cirrhosis
- Neoplasms and pseudotumours of the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree
- Non-neoplastic diseases of the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts
- Neoplasms of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts
- Non-neoplastic diseases of pancreas
- Neoplasms of pancreas
Urinary Tract
- Developmental renal diseases
- Diseases of renal tubules and interstitium
- Morphology features of “benign” and malignant hypertension in kidney
- Atherosclerosis, infarction, and cortical necrosis in kidney
- Vasculitides affecting the kidney
- Diabetic nephropathy (glomerulosclerosis and other diabetes related kidney diseases)
- Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
- Glomerulopathies with nephrotic syndrome
- Diseases of glomerules manifesting with hematuria
- Systemic lupus erythematodes and its kidney manifestation
- Kidney transplantation and rejection morphology
- Neoplasms of kidney
- Non-neoplastic diseases of the urinary tract
- Neoplasms of the urinary tract
Male Genital System
- Non-neoplastic diseases of penis and scrotum
- Neoplasms of penis and scrotum
- Non-neoplastic diseases of testis
- Neoplasms of testis
- Non-neoplastic diseases of prostate and seminal vesicles
- Neoplasms of prostate and seminal vesicles
Female Genital System and Breast
- Non-neoplastic diseases of vulva
- Neoplasms of vulva
- Non-neoplastic diseases of vagina
- Neoplasms of vagina
- Non-neoplastic diseases of uterine cervix
- Cervical precanceroses
- Neoplasms of uterine cervix
- Non-neoplastic diseases of uterine body
- Neoplasms of uterine body
- Diseases of salpinx
- Ovarian cysts
- Epithelial ovarian neoplasms
- Germinal tumours of ovary
- Gonadostromal and mixed tumours o ovary
- Diseases of placenta
- Pathology of pregnancy
- Non-neoplastic diseases of breast
- Neoplasms of breast
- Diseases of male breast
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nerves
- Brain edema, hydrocephalus
- Disorders of the CNS circulation - ischemia, hemorrhage
- Intermeningeal bleeding
- Fractures of the skull, brain commotion and contusion
- Meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis
- Degenerative diseases of CNS
- Demyelinisation diseases
- Prion diseases
- Epilepsy - epileptic syndrome
- Perinatal CNS damage
- Neoplasms of brain and meninges
Musculoskeletal System
- Disorders of the skeletal development
- Rickets and osteomalacia
- Osteitis fibrosa cystica and renal osteopathy
- Bone atrophy: osteopenia and osteoporosis
- Necrosis of bone
- Fractures and their healing
- Bone inflammation
- Tumours and tumour-like lesions of bone
- Non-neoplastic diseases of joints
- Pseudotumours and tumours of joints
- Diseases of tendons and tendon sheaths
- Diseases of muscles
Endocrine System
- Non-neoplastic diseases of the pituitary gland
- Neoplasms of the pituitary gland
- Diseases of pineal gland
- Non-neoplastic thyroid diseases and thyroidal syndromes
- Neoplasms of thyroid gland
- Non-neoplastic diseases of parathyroid glands and parathyroidal syndromes
- Neoplasms of the parathyroid gland
- Non-neoplastic diseases of adrenal cortex
- Neoplasms of adrenal cortex
- Adrenocortical syndromes
- Diseases of adrenal medulla and related syndromes
- Diseases of Langerhans islets and related syndromes
Skin
- Non-infectious inflammations of the skin
- Infectious inflammations of the skin
- Inflammations of hair follicles
- Benign neoplasms of the skin (epithelial and mesenchymal)
- Malignant neoplasms of the skin (epithelial and mesenchymal)
- Pigmented nevi and melanoma
