The cells of immune system, immunophenotyping
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Immune system cells[edit | edit source]
IS cells (immunocytes) = leukocytes, from bone marrow stem cells, having the adhesion molecule CD34.
- 2 main lineages
- Myeloid
- Monocytes (macrophages), neutrophils, basophils (mast cells), eosinophils, dendritic cells → non-specific component of the IS; ability to phagocytosis, producers of cytokines, soluble mediators.
- Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages = antigen presenting cells (APC); basis even for antigen-specific parts of the IS.
- The myeloid lineage also includes erythrocytes and platelets.
- Lymphoid
- NK-cells, lymphocytes B a T.
- The development of B lymphocytes occurs in the bone marrow and is completed after encountering Ag in secondary lymphoid organs; the final stage is plasma cells, producing antibodies.
- The development of T lymphocytes occurs mainly in the thymus; 2 main phenotypically different subpopulations: precursors of helper cells (on the surface of the CD4 receptor), precursors of cytotoxic cells (CD8): after encountering Ag on the surface of suitable APCs, they differentiate into mature effector T lymphocytes.
- A part of T and B lymphocytes after encountering Ag differentiate into memory cells responsible for immunological memory.
Immunophenotyping[edit | edit source]
Immunophenotyping is a diagnostic method that uses antibodies to distinguish cells based on certain antigens on the surface of these cells. The method is based on the fact that certain types of cells carry certain types of antigens on their surface. Immunophenotyping is used for example, to describe a specific type of leukemia or lymphoma. This method is able to:
- differentiate acute myleoid leukemia from acute lymphoblastic leukemia,
- differentiate B-lymphoma from T-lymphoma,
- improve the prognosis of a specific blood cancer,...
It is common to use flow cytometry when immunophenotyping leukocytes from peripheral blood samples, bone marrow aspirate, lymph node, cerebrospinal fluid or malignant effusion.
Sources[edit | edit source]
Imunitní systém. Online. Wikiskripta. 2025. Dostupné z: https://www.wikiskripta.eu/w/Imunitn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m. [cit. 2025-05-30].
Imunofenotypizace. Online. Ncip.cz. 2025. Dostupné z: https://www.nzip.cz/rejstrikovy-pojem/7243. [cit. 2025-05-30].
