Heart failure/Repetitorium

Presumed terms : myocardial contractility, blood pressure regulation.

Acute failure

Acute failure (cardiogenic shock) – a sudden, so significant decrease in cardiac output that compensatory mechanisms do not guarantee survival. Immediate therapeutic intervention is necessary.

Causes

• Extreme changes in frequency (arrest, ventricular fibrillation );
• Significant decrease in contractility;
• Tamponade
• Sudden failure of the valvular apparatus (rupture of the papillary muscle);
• (Peripheral resistance - sudden increase, pulmonary embolism).

Chronic (fatigue) failure

Causes

• Hypertension – 49%;
• CHD – 29%;
• Diabetes – 9%;
• Valvular defects – 8%.

Consequences

All of the above causes result in a decrease in myocardial contractility, which further causes systolic dysfunction (decrease in Stroke Volume) and diastolic dysfunction (increase in End Diastolic Pressure).

Systolic dysfunction

• SO;
• BP;
• GFR;

→ retention of water and electrolytes, RAS.

Diastolic dysfunction

• EDP ​​(ventricular compliance);

→ edema.

Molecular Mechanisms

• Energy;
• Ca 2+ ;
• Myocardial remodeling.

Principles of treatment

• Vasodilatation ;
• Cardiotonics ;
• Diuretics .

Links

Related Articles

• Regulation of blood pressure

Source

• VÍZEK, Martin. Repetitorium [online]. [cit. 2011-11-13]. <https://web.archive.org/web/20130512032641/http://pf.lf2.cuni.cz/vyuka/repetitorium.html>.