Heart failure/Repetitorium

Presumed terms : myocardial contractility, blood pressure regulation.

Acute failure

Acute failure (cardiogenic shock) – a sudden, so significant decrease in cardiac output that compensatory mechanisms do not guarantee survival. Immediate therapeutic intervention is necessary.

Causes

  • Extreme changes in frequency (arrest, ventricular fibrillation );
  • Significant decrease in contractility;
  • Tamponade
  • Sudden failure of the valvular apparatus (rupture of the papillary muscle);
  • (Peripheral resistance - sudden increase, pulmonary embolism).

Chronic (fatigue) failure

Causes

Consequences

All of the above causes result in a decrease in myocardial contractility, which further causes systolic dysfunction (decrease in Stroke Volume) and diastolic dysfunction (increase in End Diastolic Pressure).

Systolic dysfunction

  • SO;
  • BP;
  • GFR;

→ retention of water and electrolytes, RAS.

Diastolic dysfunction

  • EDP ​​(ventricular compliance);

→ edema.

Molecular Mechanisms

  • Energy;
  • Ca 2+ ;
  • Myocardial remodeling.

AP Propagation Faults

Principles of treatment

Heart failure with high cardiac output

Source


References

Reference