Syndrome of intracranial hypertension and hypotension/Repetitorium

Presumed terms: factors determining intracranial pressure, pressure-volume curve

Intracranial hypertension

Up to 15 torr compensated state, above 20 torr CPP threat.

Causes

  1. intracranial expansion (traumatic, tumor)
  2. brain edema
  3. hemodynamic swelling of the brain (vasodilatation)
  4. CSF accumulation (increased secretion, decreased resorption)

Symptoms

  • clinical trias : headache, vomiting, congestion on the fundus of the eye
  • sleepiness, memory disorders
  • dizziness
  • bearing symptoms
  • bradycardia
  • cones: occipital, temporal
  • hydrocephalus without hypertension in children

Therapy

  • surgical (reduction of intracranial expansion x increase of intracranial space)
  • hyperventilation
  • osmotherapy (intact HEB)
  • diuretics
  • hypothermia
  • positioning

Intracranial hypotension

Symptoms similar to intracranial hypertension, but improves when lying down

Causes

  1. decreased secretion of cerebrospinal fluid
  2. increased resorption of cerebrospinal fluid
  3. CSF leak (trauma, lumbar puncture)

Source