Surgery of the arteries supplying the upper limbs

Diagram of the main arteries of the upper limb

The main arteries supplying the upper limbs are a. axillaris, a. brachialis, a. radialis, and a. ulnaris.

Ischemia HK

Ischemia is generally a local lack of blood supply to a tissue or an organ, which can lead to its damage and eventually death of the organ - tissue necrosis. Ischemia is primarily caused by a lack of oxygen (so-called hypoxia), followed by a lack of nutrients and the accumulation of harmful substances - waste products.

 For more information see Ischémie.

Acute

• The source is emboly in the arteries of the upper limbs: ** proximal (a. subclavia, axillaris, brachialis) – sourse in L heart;
  • distal (to the finger arteries) – he source of the bulge on the subclavian artery, or on the intrathoracic branches of the aorta.

Chronic

• Obliterative:
  • atherosclerosis – changes to the axillo-brachial level;
  • mediocalcinosis – smaller arteries, in diabetics;
  • arteritis – Burger's disease (arteries of fingers and hand), Takayasu's arteritis (subclavian artery);
  • postradiation arteritis – subclavian artery after radiation for mammary carcinoma;
  • thoracic outlet syndrome.
• Neo-obliteration:
  • Raynaud's disease (vasospasms of finger arteries without a known cause) and Raynaud's phenomenon (known cause - collagenosis, arteritis).

Raynaud's syndrome

Raynaud's syndrome

• Causes – collagenosis (skleroderma, SLE) and various arteritis.
• It requires complex serology – cold agglutinins, rheumatoid factor,complement, ANCA, …
• Vascular damage is functional without morphological changes, only after years secondary degenerative changes occur (fibrosis of the intima and media, atrophy, ulceration and even gangrene of the fingertips).
• Clinically paroxysmal whitening of the fingertips (vasospastic stage) on exposure to cold, lasting several minutes to hours, followed by cyanosis and swelling of the fingers (vasoparalytic stage).

• Therapy - mainly conservative, protection of hands from cold, gloves, no smoking, nifedin.

Digital artery occlusion

• In addition to Raynaud's, it can cause Bürger's disease or small emboli.

Neurovascular compression (syndrome (upper thoracic aperture syndrome)

• see below

Links

Related Articles

• Arteries of the upper limb
• Ischemia
• The blood vessels of the upper limb
• Raynaud's disease

External links

• Ischemia (Czech Wikipedia)
• Raynaudův syndrom vs. Raynaudova nemoc

References

• ZEMAN, Miroslav, et al. Speciální chirurgie. 2. vydání. Praha : Galén, 2006. 575 s. ISBN 80-7262-260-9.

Source

• ZEMAN, Miroslav, et al. Speciální chirurgie. 2. vydání. Praha : Galén, 2006. 575 s. ISBN 80-7262-260-9.