Nonthrombotic sources of pulmonary embolism
Fat embolism
- Post up to ½ of severe traumas,
- mostly asymptomatic, right-sided heart failure, ARDS,
- therapy: supportive (mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids, diuretics).
Amniotic fluid embolism
thumb|300px|Embolizace amniové tekutiny
- embolism of amniotic fluid, fragments of trophoblast and decidua during difficult labour,
- material that has embolized is highly thrombogenic + activates coagulation,
- cause of death in 10 % of women in labour,
- there is no specific therapy.
Air embolism
- Caused by massive vein trauma located on the neck / complication of central venous catheter + surgeries in sitting position,
- leads to immediate loss of consciousness,
- therapy: positioning the patient on the left side, head aiming downwards → moving the air bubbles from the right chamber + catheterization / punction elimination of the air bubbles, hyperbaric oxygenotherapy,
- Lethality up to 50 %.
Septic embolism
- Abdominal abscesses, infectious endocarditis in i.v. addicts,
- therapy: ATB, surgical.
Tumor embolism
- Embolism of tumorous tissue / myxoma near the left atrium,
- acute / subacute pulmonary embolism.
Foreign object embolism
- Complication caused by invasive catheterizations, surgeries, ..,
- therapy: removal of the foreign object by catheterization.
