Endocardium

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The endocardium (inner layer; tunica intima) lines the heart cavity, is in contact with the flowing blood, smoothly passes into the tunic of the vascular intima, forms the heart valves. It consists of 4 layers:

1. endothelium (endothelial cells);
2. subendothelium (collagen ligament);
3. elastic-muscular layer (collagen and elastic ligament, smooth muscle cells; this layer is especially strong in the atria);
4. subendocardium (a sparse connective tissue found here in the structure of the cardiac conduction system).

Links

Related articles

• Heart
• Heart/histology
• Cardiac conduction system

References

• KONRÁDOVÁ, Václava, et al. Functional histology. 2. edition. H & H, 2000. 291 pp. ISBN 978-80-86022-80-2.

• JUNQUEIRA, Carlos L, et al. Základy histologie. 1. edition. H & H, 2002. 502 pp. ISBN 80-85787-37-7.

• STINGL, Josef, et al. Circulatory system : Histology [online]. Department of Histology and Embryology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine in Prague, ©2005. [cit. 2010-09-20]. <http://histologie.lf3.cuni.cz/histologie/materialy/doc/obeh-ho.pdf>.

• KACHLÍK, David – JELÍNEK, Štěpán. Srdce : Morfologický seminář [online]. ©2004. [cit. 2010-09-20]. <https://www.lf3.cuni.cz/histologie/materialy/ppt/srdce.ppt>.