Colorectal cancer/staging

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For the classification of colorectal cancer, 2 classification systems are commonly used - TNM and Dukes.

TNM classification

• T = tumor (Tis = carcinoma in situ, T1 = submucosa, T2 = muscularis propria, T3 = subserosa, pericolic or perirectal tissues, T4a = visceral peritoneum, T4b = other organs or structures )
• N = regional lymph node involvement (N0 = no LU involvement, N1a = 1 regional node, N1b = 2–3 regional nodes, N1c = satellites without regional nodes, N2a = 4–6 regional LU, N2b = 7 or more regional LUs, Nx = unknown number of affected nodes – examined less than 12 LUs from resected bowel)
• M = distant metastases (M0 = no distant metastases, M1a = 1 organ, M1b = more than 1 organ, peritoneum)

Stage	T	N	M'
Stage 0	Thousand	N0	M0
Stage I	T1, T2	N0	M0
Stage IIa	T3	N0	M0
Stage IIb	T4a	N0	M0
Stage IIc	T4b	N0	M0
Stage IIIa	T1, T2	N1	M0
	T1	N2a	M0
Stage IIIb	T3, T4a	N1	M0
	T2,T3	N2a	M0
	T1, T2	N2b	M0
Stage IIIc	T4a	N2a	M0
	T3, T4a	N2b	M0
	T4b	N1, N2	M0
Stage IVa	any T	any N	M1a
Stage IVb	any T	any N	M1b

Dukes Classification

Stage	Description
Stage A	tumor bounded by the intestinal wall
Stage B	the tumor invades or penetrates the serosa
Stage C1	tumor + positive pericolic lymph nodes
Stage C2	tumor + positive perivascular nodes
Stage D	distant metastases

Links

Source

• ws:Kolorektální karcinom/staging