Antidotes in intoxications

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Methylene blue
Methylene blue

Antidotes are a group of substances that bind to a harmful substance, inactivating it or nullifying its toxic effect. They exist only for certain harmful substances and have a specific effect. The effect is greater the earlier they are administered, but the indications for administration are not uniformed. For example, for BZDs only on coma, for opiates on respiratory depression or only after ingestion of a toxic dose (e.g., paracetamol, lead). The misconception is that most poisonings are treatable with (specific) antidotes. Most poisonings are treated with non-specific antidotes - intestinal adsorbents, or are treated symptomatically.

Most of the specific antidotes are not registered (low demand), the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (MZČR) grants an exemption from registration, the antidotes are supplied by Phoenix. Rare antidotes are available at Toxicology Information Centre and generally only some are available. For example, the equipment HMP 2021 includes atropine, calcium gluconicum, carbo activatus (Carbosorb), ethanol magistraliter p.o., flumazenil (Anexate), glucagon (Glucagen), hydroxycobalamin (Cyanokit), naloxone (in alphabetical order).

Intoxicatium (Toxicant - antidote)[edit | edit source]

Toxicant Antidote
amanita phalloides silybin, N-acetylcysteine
opiates naloxone
atropine physostigmine
benzodiazepines flumazenil
digitalis digoxin-specific antibody
glycols ethanol, fomepizole
heparin protamine sulfate
carbamates atropine
coumarin vitamin K
cyanides amylium nitrosum, hydroxycobalamin, sodium thiosulfate
methemoglobinizing agens methylene blue
methanol ethanol, fomepizole
arsenic, lead, mercury EDTA, DMSA, succimer
organophosphates atropine, oximes
paracetamol N-acetylcysteine
non-specifically orally ingested poisons carbo activatus
Ca2+ channel blockers calcium gluconicum
beta blockers glucagon
local anaesthetics 20% fatty emulsion (TIS procedure)
iron deferoxamine


Sources[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]

Biblography[edit | edit source]

  • PELCLOVÁ, Daniela. Nemoci z povolání a intoxikace. 2. edition. Karolinum, 2006. pp. 207. ISBN 80-246-1183-X.