Administration of transfusions

A transfusion is the giving of blood obtained from one person (donor) to another person (recipient).

Administering a transfusion to a patient

Donation prerequisites

• Age between 18-65 years, age over 60 is not recommended for the first collection (does not apply to autologous collections - blood for autotransfusion, and to the donation of hematopoietic cells for transplantation between blood relatives);

• weight over 50 kg;

• appropriate contact with the donor, consent of the donor.

Exclusion from donation

Permanent exclusions include

• Diabetes mellitus during insulin treatment,
• epilepsy ,
• bronchial asthma ,
• hypertension ( systolic pressure ↑ 180 mmHg or diastolic pressure ↑ 110 mmHg),
• diseases of the heart and blood vessels ( angina pectoris , irregularities in heart action , etc.),
• infectious diseases ( viral hepatitis B , C , extrapulmonary TBC , syphilis , AIDS , HIV , etc.),
• intoxication, alcohol, drugs, risky sexual behavior,
• blood and blood diseases (bleeding conditions and more serious blood formation disorders),
• kidney disease (e.g. chronic glomerulonephritis , pyelonephritis ),
• persons after stomach resection ,
• persons after transplantation ,
• prevention of blood transmission of the human form of BSE (individuals who stayed in Great Britain or France for more than half a year in the period from 1980-1996,
• individuals with a proven malaria disease ,
• malignant diseases.

Temporary exclusions from donation

• allergies (pollen allergies, hay fever or asthma in the stage of disease manifestations),
• infectious diseases (TT above 38 degrees C – exclusion for 2 weeks after discontinuation of ATB and resolution of symptoms),
• infectious mononucleosis - 1 year after complete recovery,
• viral hepatitis A – 1 year after complete recovery,
• persons after acupuncture, tattooing and piercing (6 months to 1 year),
• pulmonary TB (exclusion for 2 years after recovery),
• vaccination with live vaccines (TB, rubella ,...) 4 weeks after the application of vaccination,
• vaccination – passive immunization ( influenza , tick-borne encephalitis , tetanus ,...) 48 hours after application, if there are no complications,
• surgery (small surgical procedures – e.g. after tooth extraction), 1 week,
• major operations – 6 months,
• pregnancy – 9 months after childbirth and 1 month after the end of lactation,
• persons after transfusion – 1 year.

Blood groups

• Blood groups are organic substances found on the surface of cells, some even in blood serum;

• we divide into blood groups of erythrocytes , leukocytes , thrombocytes , as well as serum and enzyme;

• blood group characteristics are hereditary .

Occurrence of blood groups in the Czech lands

• The most common is group A (approx. 43%),

• further 0 (approx. 42%),

• followed by group B (approx. 11%),

• the lowest incidence is group AB (approx. 4%).

Autotransfusion

• It is a safe, relatively risk-free method of blood transfusion;

• it is performed in patients with planned extensive operations (the condition is that the patient is otherwise in a reasonable state of health);

• blood is taken from the patient in the pre-operative period (the amount of blood taken depends on the blood count and the patient's clinical condition);

• blood is preserved and prepared for retransfusion during surgery or in the first postoperative days;

• it is preferable to separate the plasma and freeze it to preserve the coagulation factors ).

Advantages: exclusion of allergic, hemolytic and infectious complications.

Links

References

• KOLEKTIV AUTORŮ,. Základy ošetřování nemocných. 1. edition. Praha : Karolinum, 2005. 145 pp. ISBN 80-246-0845-6.

• MIKŠOVÁ, Z, et al. Kapitoly z ošetřovatelské péče I.. 2. edition. Praha : Grada, 2006. 248 pp. ISBN 80-247-1442-6.

• MIKŠOVÁ, Z, et al. Kapitoly z ošetřovatelské péče II.. 2. edition. Praha : Grada, 2006. 171 pp. ISBN 80-247-1443-4.

• RICHARDS, A – EDWARDS, S. Repetitorium pro zdravotní sestry. 1. edition. Praha : Grada, 2004. 376 pp. ISBN 80-247-0932-5.

• ROZSYPALOVÁ, M – ŠAFRÁNKOVÁ, A. Ošetřovatelství I., II.. 1. edition. Informatorium, 2002. 239 pp. ISBN 80-86073-97-1.

• WORKMAN, B – BENNETT, C., L.. Klíčové dovednosti sester. 1. edition. Praha : Grada, 2006. 259 pp. ISBN 80-247-1714-X.

External links

• OSACKÁ, Petronela. Infúzioterapia a transfúzioterapia [online]. Multimediálna podpora výučby klinických a zdravotníckych disciplín :: Portál Jesseniovej lekárskej fakulty Univerzity Komenského, ©5.2.2011. [cit. 2011-12-23]. <https://portal.jfmed.uniba.sk/clanky.php?aid=141>.