Actions, behaviour, will and their disorders

Human action directed towards certain goals. It is conditioned by motives and will.

Motives

• conscious stimuli that evoke the satisfaction of needs.

Motivation

• a set of motives for a particular action.

Need

• Lack of something essential.

1. material,
2. intangible.

Will

• awareness and focus of negotiations on a specific goal,
• a set of acts of will, decision-making, effort and action.

Disorders of Will

Hypobulia

• indecision to start a certain activity.

Abulia

• loss of ability to start a certain activity,
• noticeable in depression,
• in organic brain disorders, some Neurosis, drugs,
• hypobulia even at exhaustion – together with apathy ( emotional attenuation ).

Hyperbulia

• excessive determination, hyperagility, energy – manic syndrome, after psychostimulants, hyperthymal personalities,
• mostly fluctuating character.

Negotiation disorders

Quantitative disorders

Hypoagility

• general impoverishment of activity, exhaustion, depression, intoxication.

Hyperagility

• increased mental and physical activity.

Agitation

• on the border of qualitative and quantitative disorders,
• restless, confused and aimless movement, until anxiety,
• escalates at ( bedtime ).

Qualitative disorders

Catatonic symptoms

• primitive psychomotor manifestations – a prototype of a layman's idea of a mentally handicapped person,
• do not make contact with the environment,
• there is no disorder of consciousness,

1. productive form – excess facial expressions, bizarre gestures.
2. stuporous form – attenuation of varying degrees; cause psychogenic ( experience, disaster ) or endogenous ( melancholy ).

Catalepsy

• flexibility ( wax flexibility ) – increased muscle tension,
• excessive passivity to forced positions, in which it can remain for a long time.
• schizophrenia

Event of the meeting

• temporary pledge in the middle of negotiations,
• no impaired consciousness ( is present, as opposed to the absence of ),
• schizophrenia.

Negativism

• resistance to orders and challenges:

1. Passive – patient does not pass the instruction,
2. active – the patient does the exact opposite.

Command automatism

• by order he is said militarily, he will do as he is told.

Stereotype, iteration

• mechanical repetition of words (verbigerace) or facial expressions (grimassing).

Mannering

• performing bizarre movements in various activities ( food, dressing ).

Raptus

• stormy, explosive behavior,
• autoaggression and heteroaggression.

Impulsive behavior

• a sudden uncontrollable urge to act,
• the victim remembers everything, but does not know why he did it.

Secondary impulse

• arises by discharging a large voltage,
• accompanied by a strong Emotion.

Phenoleptic states

• impulsive behavior – pyromania, kleptomania, …

Short-circuit negotiations

• leads to the goal in the shortest way – without thinking, sometimes it can be preceded by preparation ( e.g. suicide in an incurable disease),
• common in children, some suicides out of unhappy love or the removal of an unwanted witness may have the character of a short-circuit act.

Automatisms

• motor stereotypes that are affected by the will, but reappear as attention decreases,
• they occur in mentally retarded individuals, in Schizophrenia.

Tics

More detailed information can be found on the page Tics.