Tics
From WikiLectures
Tics are rapid, irregularly repeating, stereotyped movements or vocalizations accompanied by a release of internal tension. They have a compulsive nature, but are partially influenced by will. They ease when concentrating on another activity, worsen with stress and excitement. Unlike other hyperkinetic disorders, they persist even during sleep.[1]
Types[edit | edit source]
- Motion x sound.
- Simple x complex.
- Simple movement tics – clonic (e.g. twitching of the nose) or dystonic (e.g. opening and twisting of the mouth).
- Complex movement tics (eg throwing strands of hair out of eyes).
- Simple sound tics (coughing).
- Complex sound (vocal) tics (e.g. coprolalia, echolalia, pallialia).
According to the cause: idiopathic (Tourette syndrome), symptomatic (secondary).[1]
Etiology[edit | edit source]
Dysfunction of the basal ganglia - transient increased sensitivity of dopaminergic receptors.
For more information see Tics/PGS/Diagnosis.
