The most common cancers in childhood

The most common malignancies in children include:

1. acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL);
2. CNS tumors;
3. non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (NHL);
4. neuroblastomas;
5. nefroblastomas (Wilms tumor);
6. osteosarcomas;
7. germ cell tumors.

The most common cancers in children under 15 years of age

• acute lymphoblastic leukemia (25% of tumors);
• brain tumors (22%);
• neuroblastoma (8%).

The most common cancers in adolescents (15 - 19 years)

• malignant lymphomas (25 % tumors);
• germ cell tumors (13 %);
• brain tumors (10 %).

Characteristic symptoms of cancer

• fever, headache, vomiting, paleness, fatigue, bone pain, lameness, weight loss, bleeding and / or the presence of tumor resistance.

Solid tumors in children

• make up more than 2/3 of cancers;
• tumors growing from undifferentiated tissues (so-called embryonic tumor types): neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, hepatoblastoma, nefroblastoma, medulloblastoma, ets.;
• connective tissue tumors: soft tissue and bone sarcoma;
• carcinomas (epithelial and endothelial cell tumors) are typical of adulthood but are rare in children;
• 2 peaks of occurrence: 0 - 5 years (embryonic types of tumors predominate) and adolescence (bone and soft tissue sarcomas, brain and testicular tumors predominate).

Genetic syndromes predisposing to tumors

Li-Fraumeni syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome, children with neurofibromatosis type I and II, Gardner syndrome, Lynch syndrome , Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, tuberous sclerosis etc.