Sialoadenitis

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Electron microscopic image of a parotid gland infiltrated with parotitis virus
Child with mumps

Sialoadenitis is inflammation of the salivary glands. They can be divided into:

  1. imunosialoadenitis;
  2. infectious sialoadenitis;
    • bacterial;
    • viral;
    • specific ( syphilis, tuberculosis, actinomycosis );
  3. radiation sialoadenitis .

Immunosialoadenitis[edit | edit source]

This group of salivary gland diseases includes the so-called myoepithelial sialoadenitis, which is an autoimmune disease that occurs as part of Sjögren's syndrome.

  • Clinically, the disease is manifested by a typical triad: rheumatoid arthritis, xerophthalmia, xerostomia.
  • In a salivary gland affected by myoepithelial sialoadenitis, the risk of malignant lymphoma is several times higher.
  • We administer immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.

Acute viral sialoadenitis[edit | edit source]

Acute viral sialoadenitis is caused by the mumps virus (mumps), which belongs to the so-called paramyxoviruses, possibly another sialotrope virus.

  • It often occurs in childhood.
  • In addition to gl. the parotid gland can also affect the CNS, testicles, ovaries, pancreas or auditory nerve.
  • Treatment is symptomatic.

Acute bacterial sialoadenitis[edit | edit source]

This is an acute bacterial inflammation of the gl. parotid or gl. submandibularis. It often occurs during dehydration as an ascending ductal infection.

  • The inflammation is monoglandular and occurs unilaterally.
  • Symptoms are swelling, pain, dysfunction, saliva is viscous to purulent. Resistance can be felt.
  • The disease can be complicated by the formation of an abscess, which must then be treated surgically.
  • Treatment consists of rehydration and application of ATB.

Chronic bacterial sialoadenitis[edit | edit source]

Microscopic image of chronic sialoadenitis

Chronic fibroproductive sialoadenitis[edit | edit source]

Affects gl. submandibularis. It is a chronic fibroproductive inflammation , which is clinically manifested by an enlarged and stiff submandibular gland. The disease is sometimes inappropriately referred to as the so-called Küttner's tumor.

  • Treatment consists in extirpation of the gland.

Chronic recurrent parotitis (Morbus Payen; Parotitis recidivans)[edit | edit source]

It is a chronic bacterial inflammation of the gl. parotis, which has a typical paroxysmal course. The periods between attacks are asymptomatic.

  • It occurs mainly in childhood (between the ages of 1 and 14), and usually disappears in puberty.
  • The disease has a characteristic sialographic picture. The entire gland is permeated by a number of round cysts that enlarge into irregular cisterns during the course of the disease.
  • At the time of the attack, we treat with antibiotics.

Sialoadenitis from radiation[edit | edit source]

It is a pathological condition manifested within 24 hours after exposure to ionizing radiation. Its severity depends on the dose of radiation, after a few days it may return to its original state.

  • There is edema and necrosis of the acini, the parenchyma of the gland atrophies, the epithelium becomes metaplastic or atypically proliferates.
  • Interstitial fibrosis is present.
  • The disease is part of oral mucositis.
  • Treatment consists of saliva replacement.


Links[edit | edit source]

Related Articles[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  • KLOZAR, Jan. Speciální otorinolaryngologie. 1. edition. Galén, 2005. 224 pp. ISBN 80-7262-346-X.
  • KILIAN, Jan. Prevence ve stomatologii. 2. edition. Galén, 1999. ISBN 80-7262-022-3.
  • WOTKE, Jiří. Patologie orofaciální oblasti. 1. edition. Grada, 2001. ISBN 80-7169-975-6.