Fractures of the facial skeleton

Fractures of the facial bones are divided into:

injuries of the teeth + dentoalveolar process
Injuries of the lower facial stage (TMJ injuries, mandiublar fractures)
injuries of the middle facial stage (nosal bones, nasomaxillary complex, Le Fort I + II type fracture, sagittal fracture of the maxilla + palatine bones; fractures of the zygomatomaxillary complex, zygomatic arch; Le Fort III type fracture; „blow-out“ fracture)
fractures of the upper facial stage (linear, impression, frontonasoetmoid, sinus frontalis fractures)
frontobasal injuries

early + definitive treatment of these fractures leads to better functional + aesthetic results
prognosis for healing of facial skeletal fractures is good
the basis of therapy is repositioning + fixation of fractures

provisional fixation: sling dressing of the chin + nose, provisional fixation of the fractured upper jaw with a wooden skewer, transport splints
definitive fixation: wire ties, Ivy's knuckle, Sauer's splint, intermaxillary fixation, Adams hinges, bone suture, mini-braces

Links[edit | edit source]

MĚŠŤÁK, Jan, et al. Introduction to plastic surgery. 1. edition. Prague : Charles university in Prague - publishing house Karolinum, 2005. 125 pp. ISBN 80-246-1150-3.