Formulation of hypotheses
From WikiLectures
This article has been translated from WikiSkripta; the formatting needs to be checked.
Definition[edit | edit source]
- A Hypothesis is an assumption whose validity we must verify before proceeding with further scientific work.
- Provisional theory is based on descriptive research/statistics, clinical observations, analytical studies, laboratory research, theoretical modeling.[1]
Hypothesis formation methods[edit | edit source]
Differential method[edit | edit source]
- If the frequency of occurrence of a disease in two comparative populations (sets) is significantly different'' and if it is possible to identify a factor that is present in one set and not in the other, then we can label this factor as 'cause of disease.
- Example: higher incidence of ca of the cervix in married women - and vice versa lower' incidence in nuns.
Match Method[edit | edit source]
- If we can find a common factor' in a number of different populations that are characterized by the occurrence of a disease, then this factor could be the cause of the disease.
- Example: Semmelweis came to the conclusion that the cause of teenage fever was some kind of "dead poison" found 'on the hands of the attending obstetric staff.
Method of analogy[edit | edit source]
- If there are ``certain similarities in the distribution of the observed disease with another disease for which we have more complete information, it would be possible to judge that both diseases have ``some common causes. We use a deductive way of thinking.
Companion Difference Method[edit | edit source]
- The change in the frequency of the disease occurs in parallel with the change in intensity of the given factor.
- Example: incidence of lung carcinoma increases with the number of cigarettes smoked'.[2]
Links[edit | edit source]
Related Articles[edit | edit source]
References [ edit | edit source ][edit | edit source]
- ↑ TIMMRECK, Thomas C.. An Introduction to Epidemiology. 3rd edition. Sudbury: John and Bartlett Publishers, 2002. pp. 205-210. ISBN 0763700606 .
- ↑ BENCKO, Vladimir, et al. Epidemiology, teaching texts for students of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague. 2nd edition. Prague: Charles University in Prague – Karolinum Publishing House, 2002. pp. 16-24. ISBN 80-246-0383-7 .
References [ edit | edit source ][edit | edit source]
- TIMMRECK, Thomas C.. An Introduction to Epidemiology. 3rd edition. Sudbury: John and Bartlett Publishers, 2002. pp. 205-210. ISBN 0763700606 .
- BENCKO, Vladimír, et al. Epidemiology, teaching texts for students 1. LFUK, Prague. 2nd edition. Prague: Charles University in Prague – Karolinum Publishing House, 2002. pp. 16-24. ISBN 80-246-0383-7 .
- ↑ {{#switch: book |book = Incomplete publication citation. TIMMRECK, Thomas C.. An Introduction to Epidemiology. Sudbury : John and Bartlett Publishers, 2002. pp. 205-210. 978-80-7262-438-6. |collection = Incomplete citation of contribution in proceedings. TIMMRECK, Thomas C.. An Introduction to Epidemiology. Sudbury : John and Bartlett Publishers, 2002. pp. 205-210. {{ #if: 0763700606 |978-80-7262-438-6} } |article = Incomplete article citation. TIMMRECK, Thomas C.. 2002, year 2002, pp. 205-210, |web = Incomplete site citation. TIMMRECK, Thomas C.. John and Bartlett Publishers, ©2002. |cd = Incomplete carrier citation. TIMMRECK, Thomas C.. John and Bartlett Publishers, ©2002. |db = Incomplete database citation. John and Bartlett Publishers, ©2002. |corporate_literature = TIMMRECK, Thomas C.. An Introduction to Epidemiology. Sudbury : John and Bartlett Publishers, 2002. 978-80-7262-438-6} }, s. 205-210.
- ↑ {{#switch: book |book = Incomplete publication citation. BENCKO, Vladimir, et al. Epidemiology, teaching texts for students of the 1st Faculty of Medicine UK, Prague. Prague : Charles University in Prague – Karolinum Publishing House, 2002. pp. 16-24. 978-80-7262-438-6. |collection = Incomplete citation of contribution in proceedings. BENCKO, Vladimir, et al. Epidemiology, teaching texts for students of the 1st Faculty of Medicine UK, Prague. Prague : Charles University in Prague – Karolinum Publishing House, 2002. pp. 16-24. {{ #if: 80-246-0383-7 |978-80-7262-438-6} } |article = Incomplete article citation. BENCKO, Vladimir, et al. 2002, year 2002, pp. 16-24, |web = Incomplete site citation. BENCKO, Vladimir, et al. Charles University in Prague – Karolinum Publishing House, ©2002. |cd = Incomplete carrier citation. BENCKO, Vladimir, et al. Charles University in Prague – Karolinum Publishing House, ©2002. |db = Incomplete database citation. Charles University in Prague – Karolinum Publishing House, ©2002. |corporate_literature = BENCKO, Vladimir, et al. Epidemiology, teaching texts for students of the 1st Faculty of Medicine UK, Prague. Prague : Charles University in Prague – Karolinum Publishing House, 2002. 978-80-7262-438-6} }, s. 16-24.