Tic disorders
From WikiLectures
Definition[edit | edit source]
- sudden, rapid involuntary movements or vocalization without purpose e.g. constant blinking
- temporarily suppressible → followed by an urge to do the tic
Types of tic disorders[edit | edit source]
- Tourette syndrome
- sporadic transient tic disorder (in 25% of children): persistance < 1 year
- persistent motor/vocal tic disorder (> 1 year)
Types of tics[edit | edit source]
- motor tic x vocal tic
- simple tic (e.g. grunting) x complex tic (e.g. echolalia)
Tourette syndrome[edit | edit source]
At what age does it manifest?[edit | edit source]
- must be in childhood (before 18 years) → this is a diagnostic criteria
Etiology[edit | edit source]
- multifactorial etiology, association with ADHD and OCD
Clinical features[edit | edit source]
- multiple times per day
- vocal: coprolalia, throat clearing, grunting, lip smacking, barking
- motor: facial grimacing, blinking, shoulder shrugging, twisting of the body
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
- clinically tics are present for > 1 year, diagnosed before the age of 18, presence of multiple motor tics
Treatment[edit | edit source]
- Behavioral therapy
- Treatment of psychiatric comorbidities (e.g. methylphenidate for ADHD)
- in some cases: atypical antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants
DDx for tics[edit | edit source]
- huntington, tardive dyskinesia, seizures, psychic stress
