Roy's adaptation model of nursing

Roy's conceptual model or adaptation model is a model based on a person's ability to adapt to changed living conditions.

Callista Roy

(*14.10. 1939', Los Angeles, USA)
Callista Roy is an American nun, nurse, professor and author of the adaptation model of nursing. She is a member of the American Academy of Sciences, a person of America, a member of NANDA and the world organization of women.

The Adaptation Model of Nursing

In order to preserve one's own integrity and homeostasis, a person must constantly respond to changes in the organism or environment through innate and acquired mechanisms.
According to Roy, the goal of nursing is to help a person strengthen his health by supporting adaptation to both external and internal stimuli.

Types of stimuli influencing the adaptation response

•  Incentives main
  • local, focal
  • the individual here reacts immediately
  • e.g. birth, fracture
    
• Situational, contextual stimuli
  • result from the present time and environment
    
• Personality, residual incentives
  • include opinions, character traits or attitudes
    

When the stimuli are combined, a positive or negative adaptive reaction is induced, which leads to a certain behavior and then to adaptation or maladaptation.

The role of the nurse in the adaptation model

When applying the adaptation model, the nurse focuses on a total of 4 areas:

1. Physiological needs - e.g. activity, nutrition, rest, etc.
2. Self-concept - a set of characteristics that a person attributes to himself.
3. Social role - primary (age, gender) and secondary (related to life period - parent, doctor, patient, etc.)
4. Interdependence - balance between agreement or disagreement, can be positive or negative
   

Adaptation Syndrome

Adaptation takes place according to a certain algorithm - i.e. adaptation syndrome. It takes place in different phases and results in either "active adaptation" or "maladaptation".
Phase:

1. Alarm reaction - i.e. helplessness or the search for certainty and safety
2. Active adaptation phase - i.e. stabilization, balance and calming down
3. Exhaustion phase - i.e. exhaustion of the body's reserves and subsequent deterioration of health
   

Use in practice

Roy uses a total of 6 stages nursing process, instead of the original 5.

Phase:

1. Assessment of patient behavior
2. Assessment of acting stimuli
3. Establishing a nursing diagnosis
4. Goal Setting
5. Nursing Interventions
6. Evaluation
   

The starting point of the model according to Roy is stress. The result of adaptation is effective' and ineffective behavior. Nursing intervenes only in ineffective behavior.

Links

Related Articles

Nursing process

References

• ENDLICHEROVÁ, Jana. Ošetřovatelské modely [lecture for subject Dovednosti v porodní asistenci 1, specialization Porodní asistence, 1. lékařská fakulta Univerzita Karlova]. Praha. 2019. 

Resources

• DOLANOVÁ, Dana. Ošetřovatelský model dle Royové a jeho využití v praxi (Adaptační model) [online]. Masarykova univerzita, ©2010. The last revision 2010, [cit. 2019-01-03]. <https://is.muni.cz/el/1411/jaro2010/BDOS0222/um/Osetrovatelsky_model_dle_Royove_a_jeho_vyuziti_v.pdf>.