Rarer compression syndromes

Entrapment (compression) syndromes include a group of chronic mononeuropathies that arise due to nerve compression at the site of anatomical narrowing. The following syndromes on the upper and lower limbs are among the less frequently occurring strait syndromes.

Compression syndromes of the upper extremity

Compression of the suprascapular nerve in the incisura scapulae

• pain, impairment of abduction (especially the first 30 degrees) and external rotation of the shoulder.

Compression of the axillaris nerve in the foramen humerotricipitale .

Supinator canal syndrome

• compression of the deep branch of the radial nerve , which passes through the supinator muscle (Frohse arcade compression);
• weakness of extension of the fingers in the metacarpophalangeal joints.

Pronator syndrome

• compression of the median nerve between the 2 heads of the pronator teres muscle in the area of ​​the proximal forearm;
• pain in the area of ​​the elbow and the upper third of the forearm with paresthesia in I.-IV. finger;
• weakening of the flexor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis brevis muscles.

Struthers syndrome

• compression of the median nerve in the distal part of the humerus under the Struthers ligament in the area of ​​the anomalous processus supracondylaris;
• pain above elbow with tingling of fingers and hand to weakness of forearm muscles.

Kiloh-Nevin syndrome

• compression of the anterior interosseus nerve in the area of ​​the proximal third of the forearm by an abnormal fibrous band going from the deep head of the pronator teres muscle to the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis or profundus muscle;
• pain in the area of ​​the volar upper third of the forearm, weakening of the deep flexors of the fingers;
• in professions requiring strong and long-term elbow flexion and pronation (carpenters, butchers, leather processing).

Compression syndromes of the lower extremity

Meralgia paresthetica

• compression of the cutaneus femoris lateralis nerve in the area of ​​the lateral attachment of the lig. inguinal ;
• affects more pregnant, obese, diabetics;
• burning pains and paresthesias on the outer side of the thigh (trouser pocket area).

Medial tarsal tunnel syndrome

• compression of the tibial nerve under the retinaculum flexorum;
• paresthesia, dysesthesia, pain with propagation to the planta;
• when standing on tiptoes for a long time (professional disability of ballet dancers).

Anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome

• compression of the terminal deep branch of the fibularis nerve (peroneus) on the front surface of the ankle joint.

Morton's metatarsalgia

• compression of the plantar nerve plantaris medialis (e.g. in women who often wear pumps);
• more often 2nd and 3rd digital nerve;
• pain in the foot especially after walking and standing;
• palpable tenderness between the heads of the metatarsals.

Links

References

• SAMEŠ, M. Neurochirurgie. 1. edition. Jessenius Maxdorf, 2005. ISBN 80-7345-072-0.

• DUNGL, Pavel. Ortopedie. 2.přepracované a doplněné edition. 2014. ISBN 978-80-247-4357-8.

• SOSNA, Antonín. Základy ortopedie. 1. edition. Triton, 2001. ISBN 978-80-7254-202-4.

• [online]. [cit. 2015-12-14]. Dostupné z: http://www.neurologiepropraxi.cz/pdfs/neu/2006/05/07.pdf
• [online]. [cit. 2015-12-14]. Dostupné z: http://www.internimedicina.cz/pdfs/int/2005/02/04.pdf