Psychotherapy - elementary schools

Depth Psychotherapy

Psychoanalysis

• founder: Sigmund Freud
  • drew attention to the unconscious component of the human psyche
  • emphasized the importance of drive forces (sexual drive and destructive drive)
  • created a theory of pregenital infantile sexuality (oral, sadistic-anal and phallic)
  • defined the Oedipus complex
  • castration complex – boy's fear of losing his penis
  • 3 theoretical models of personality

1. trauma model – assumes that psychotraumatic experiences lead to difficulties
2. topographical model – distinguishes unconsciousness, preconsciousness and consciousness; during treatment the unconscious becomes conscious
3. structural model - "id" ono - drive component; "superego" - superego, ideals, ethics; "ego" - self, regulation of mental life; conflict causes neuroses

• during psychoanalysis there is an insight into things in the unconscious , an awareness of intrapsychic conflicts
• elaborated methods of free association, dream analysis
• new currents of psychoanalysis
  • ego psychology (study of the development of the psyche in the first years of a child's life, especially the first 3 - the basis of the main personality traits)
  • psychology of object relations (deviation from drives to relations)
  • self psychology (self concept)

Alfred Adler's Individual Psychology

• it is important for a person to achieve application and promotion in society during his life
• when it doesn't work - a feeling of inferiority
• neurosis is an attempt to compensate for this inferiority
• the great importance of sibling relationships

CG Jung's Analytical Psychology

• came out of Freud's psychoanalysis
• claimed that there is still a so-called collective unconscious , it includes cultural experiences - so-called archetypes - persona (the role of the individual), shadow (spontaneity, creativity), animus (male elements in the female psyche), anima (the presence of female elements in the male psyche ), self (entire personality)
• life has two components - socialization, individuation
• course of psychotherapy :
  • both sitting in chairs, discussing the patient's emerging feelings and thoughts
  • attention is paid to dreams, they have a symbolic language
  • active imagination – developing ideas related to the patient's problem

Rogerian psychotherapy

• it does not focus on the patient's past, but on his present
• assumes that a person has the potential for further positive development
• empathy

Behavioral psychotherapy

• learning process research, builds on learning theories (Skinner)
• deals with the manifestation of psychological disorders in behavior, tries to eliminate them using the learning method, the behavior will change and this will change the intrapsychic problem
• desensitization method – the patient calms down, relaxes and imagines fear-inducing things (treatment of phobias)
• selective reinforcement technique - reward, punishment
• practicing assertive behavior
• it's not that time consuming

Cognitive behavioral therapy

• newer direction
• expands the original focus of behavioral therapy, focusing on the learning process and its use in treatment
• takes thought processes, opinions and attitudes into account
• assumes that a change in thinking can be induced by a change in behavior
• constructivist paradigm – a person's view of the world is his own product, which corresponds to the individual's experience
• the task of therapy is to change the construction , i.e. the view of the world
• the patient is given tasks that lead to a change in his thought stereotypes
• goals are predetermined - we need to precisely define thought processes, this is what cognitive-behavioral examination is for
• change of attributes - reattribution (e.g. someone doesn't respond to your greeting, we think he is ill-mannered, then reattribution occurs and we start taking other possibilities into account - the other person's fatigue, he is deaf, dumb, etc.)

Existential psychotherapy

• emphasizes the uniqueness of a person's personality

Dasein analysis

• aims to understand human existence, the uniqueness of each patient's problem, the patient should be himself
• is close to philosophy

Logotherapy

• it is based on the opinion that the main value of a person is to find the meaning of life
• helps to find the meaning of life, escape from existential frustration
• even for people with physical disabilities, they try to find a purpose in life

Transpersonal psychotherapy

• emphasizes the spiritual dimension of a person, is interested in experiences created during an altered state of consciousness (hallucinogens, holotropic breathing, ...), feelings from prenatal life

An eclectic and integrative concept of psychotherapy

• a combination of different schools

Dynamic and Interpersonal Psychotherapy

• is based on psychoanalysis, accepts some of its starting points (unconscious, intrapsychological conflict from childhood)
• emphasizes the importance of current social factors, problems in relationships
• disagrees with the meaning Freud gives to drives and sexuality
• the problem in relationships is due to maladaptive behavior that tends to be related to childhood experiences
• helps to understand his contribution to the problem
• helps to understand the connection between past events and current problems
• he should understand it, gain new experience in relationships
• corrective emotional experience – the patient encounters a different reaction than he was used to (parents underestimated him, psychotherapist appreciates him, ...)

Links

Related Articles

• Psychotherapy

Source

• BENEŠ, Jiří. Study materials  [online]. [feeling. 2010]. < http://www.jirben.cz >.

References

• RABOCH, Jiří and Petr ZVOLSKÝ, et al. Psychiatry. 1st edition. Prague: Galén and Karolinum, 2001. 622 pp. pp. 468-474. ISBN 80-7262-140-8 .

Category :Psychiatry Psychology