Psychostimulants

From WikiLectures

Abuse of psychostimulants[edit | edit source]

See cocaine, amphetamines, amphetamine substituted substances and synthetic cathinones

ADHD and other disorders, where we use psychostimulants[edit | edit source]

ADHD[edit | edit source]

  • Drugs used : Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, lisdexamfetamin
  • Other nonstimulant alternatives with less proven efficacy include clonidine, guanfacine, bupropion, and/or nortriptyline.
  • Indication
    • ADHD: first-line therapy for patients ≥ 6 years of age
  • Mechanism of action: indirect and central sympathomimetic activity → increased release and blocked reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine (minor effect on serotonin) → increased concentration in the synaptic cleft


Other disorders and their indications[edit | edit source]

  • Caffeine (group of methylxanthines): In coffee. Proposed to block adenosine receptors, making oneself less tired
  • Depression with suicidality and only a few weeks left to live (e.g. palliative patients)
  • Binge-eating disorder (obesity)
  • Narcolepsy (Modafinil- nonamphetamine CNS stimulant)
  • Hypersomnolence disorder: modafinil or methylphenidate or atomoxetine


Side-effects of stimulants (in general)[edit | edit source]

  • Insomnia, anorexia, tachycardia, hypertension, dry mouth, irritability, anxiety...psychoses