Psychological and social theories of mental illness

Sigmund Freud

founder of psychoanalysis, a scientifically structured system for understanding mental illness
dynamic personality strength – psychosexual energy = libido
pregenital infantile sexuality – focused autoerotic
development from childhood – oral, sadistic-anal, phallic and puberty
libido can get stuck in a certain developmental stage, fixation gives a basis for perversions
libido suppression – neurosis
other mental life structures – Id, Ego, Superego
- neurosa – confikt Ego and Id
- psychotic disorders – disorders of the relationship between the ego and the environment
treatment by shifting experiences from unconscious to conscious – psychoanalysis ( only limitedly )

Looking for a connection between personal experience and existence of all mankind

origin schizophrenia - experience of a strong affection that is equal to seeing the mythical medusa

neurosa as a person's defense against the feeling of one's own worthlessness - a complex of inferiority

He also deals with interpersonal communication, theory of "double ties" - the emergence of schizophrenia is due to interpersonal communication in the family ("parents are always right, do not listen because he is lying")

study of learning and behaviour process
A neurotic patient has either not learned to the non -adaptive behaviour or is missing the correct formulas

From the existential philosophy of psychiatrists from Germany, it emphasizes' 'unrepeatability and uniqueness of the human creature', the therapist seeks to empathize with the patient

emphasizes the desire for the meaning of life , in doubt about the meaning of existence arises, frustration, neurosis and depression

tries to understand the inner experiences of an individual and teach him to control the recognized
Personal development is in understanding and manifesting your feelings

Develops in the middle of the 20th century

Family - a small group that is specifically different from other social groups
Basic interaction - mother -network
nuclear family
Balance, sometimes at the cost of a "scapegoat" (scapegoat) - for example, one child is constantly angry, so parents solve his offenses and not disagreements with each other, it can play a role in the development of schizophrenia

Examples of relationships in the family
Basic triangle: Father-Mother-Child. Relations between them run freely, freely, in all directions
Alienation of spouses. Both parents are emotionally attached only to the teenage child. The child begins to feel uncomfortable with the parents' excessive care and withdraws.
A mother has formed a strong emotional bond with a young child. Father stands aside. He tries to establish a relationship with the child, but at the same time he is jealous of them.

closed to the world and the other
Loss of autonomy of individual members, all must submit to the internal rules of the family
Lack of individual and family perspectives, suppresses the development of children
Development of the disease in a nexal family:
1. Phase - The child is born with difficulty in expressing their needs, the family is not recognized, the family describes the child as good, trouble -free, but actually ignores its needs
2. Phase - The child begins to have the need to show your own self, the effort to escape the family control, is assessed as a "evil" child, the family is looking for the blame outside (friends, school…)
3. phase - an individual contrary to family standards is marked mad, the family gets rid of guilt and is looking for a problem outside, a vicious circle

Communication is friendly, misunderstandings do not hide, discuss
satisfies the emotional needs of the members, open to the incentives from the surroundings
father and mother - natural authority, child has its own space
Emotional responses permanent and certain
It is clear to them that the meaning of life is in themselves

Mental disease has a more pronounced character of social status
Three Profit of Psychic Disease (Freud)
- primary - anxiety regulation
- secondary - changes in social situation, escape
- tertiary - benefit for the surroundings (the possibility to care, regret, get rid of guilt)
The patient's status brings
- benefits - acquittal of duties, the patient is not responsible for his condition
- sanctions - efforts to temporarily condition, treatment
Psychiatric Stigma '