Portal:Exam Topics in Hygiene and Epidemiology (1LF, D)

Hygiene

1. Air pollution and human health. Health implications of human exposure to major harmful substances in the environment.
2. Water and health. Drinking water - quality requirements. Water borne health hazards.
3. Lifestyle; risk factors of civilization diseases.
4. Tobacco dependence: epidemiology, health impact, prevention
5. Tobacco dependence as a disease, treatment; role of health professionals.
6. Oral hygiene in caries prevention.
7. Role of various food groups in human nutrition.
8. Dietary guidelines for the population.
9. Role of minerals and trace elements in human nutrition and their importance (source, deficiency, excess).
10. Role of vitamins in human nutrition (source, deficiency, excess).
11. Nutritional disorders related to deficiency or excess of nutrients.
12. Importance of nutrition in diseases of oral cavity.
13. Toxic substances in foods.
14. Development in and issues of childhood and adolescence from stomatologist’s point of view.
15. Allergens in environmental and occupational settings. Health hazards, prevention options.
16. Stomatologic workplace and occupational hazards in stomatology.
17. Occupational diseases of health care providers, principles of their health protection.
18. Physical factors of environment (microclimate and lighting).
19. Physical factors of environment (noise and vibrations) – evaluation methods, protection against adverse effects.
20. Ionizing radiation. Medical applications of ionizing radiation; protection principles.
21. Physical factors of environment (UV radiation and electromagnetic field) – evaluation methods, protection against adverse effects.
22. Chemical harmful substances in working environment – effects, principles of health protection during work at stomalogic workplaces.
23. Mercury toxicity.
24. Late effects of xenobiotics.
25. Solid and liquid wastes issues; wastes from health facilities and their specific features.

Epidemiology

1. Basic health indicators (morbidity, incidence, prevalence, mortality, fatality rate).
2. Primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
3. Descriptive epidemiological methods and studies.
4. Analytic and experimental epidemiological methods and studies.
5. Measures of central tendency and variability Normal (Gaussian) distribution.
6. Process of infection propagation - source of infection.
7. Transmission of infection etiologic agents.
8. Susceptible organism in the process of infection transmission.
9. Preventive anti-epidemic measures.
10. Immunization – importance, type of vaccines, mmunization in the Czech Republic.
11. Repressive antiepidemic measures.
12. Airborne infections.
13. Foodborne infections.
14. Infections of skin and superficial mucosa.
15. Transmissive infections.
16. Blood transmitted infections.
17. Oral cavity infections.
18. Nosocomial infections: sources, ways of transmission, most common etiological agents.
19. Nosocomial infections: incidence, risk factors, prevention.
20. Principle of safety measures of work with biological material.
21. Sterilization - importance, methods.
22. Disinfection - importance, methods.
23. Chronic diseases occurring at a mass scale – term “civilization disease”
24. Epidemiology of head and neck cancer.
25. Epidemiology of caries and parodontopathies.