Mental disorders caused by stimulants and hallucinogens use

From WikiLectures

Hallucinogens[edit | edit source]

  • Classification
    • Classical hallucinogens (psychodelics), deliriants, dissociatives
  • Effect
    • as the name suggests → change in perception: visual hallucinations and illusions
    • behavior can be unpredictable and dangerous (to other or to self)

1. Classical hallucinogens

  • LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide), psilocybin
    • → perceptual (synesthesia, derealization, depersonalization, illusions), behavioral (paranoid, anxiety, fear of going crazy, impaired judgement)
      • MDMA: serotonin receptor and D2 receptor agonist → grinding teeth (bruxims), hyponatremia (cave: cerebral and pul. edema), mental changes (euphoria, hyperactivity)

2. Deliriants

  • The term is generally used to refer to anticholinergic drugs
  • Common examples of deliriants include plants of the genus Datura as well as higher than recommended dosages of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl).

3. Dissociatives

  • Ketamine
  • phencyclidine (angel dust, peace pill, elephant tranquilizer, hog) → psychosis

Stimulants[edit | edit source]

  • Cocaine
    • insufflated, smoked or injected
    • MoA
  • Methamphetamines (crystal meth, pervetin, molly (MDMA)
    • Autonomic symptoms: diaphoresis, HT, tachycarida, hyperthermia...
    • Neuropsychiatric sx: agitation, psychosis, euphoria, paranoia, sleep disorders (staying awake), megalomania, disorganized thinking (delusional parasitosis), seizures
    • Complications
      • risk of ongoing anxiety, mood disorders or psychosis
      • memory impairment (esp. with chronic use)
  • MDMA (Molly, ecstasy)