Histology MCQs/Connective Tissue

Loose connective tissue is sometimes assumed as a "template of connective tissue" on which are described structures common for more types of connective tissue.

1 All but one of following bones are based on intramembranous ossification. Which of them is not based on intramembranous ossification?

	Parietal bone
	Clavicle
	Scapula
	Femur

2 Do white adipocytes (fat cells) produce some hormones?

	Probably yes, they do it, but no one knows them
	Yes, they do produce hormones, e.g. insulin
	Yes, they do produce hormones, e.g. leptin
	No, they do not produce hormones

3 We have two types of lamellar bone (secondary bone). Which one?

	Lamellar bone does not have well-defined subtypes
	Compact bone and spongy (cancellous) bone
	Woven bone and spongy (cancellous) bone
	Compact bone and woven bone

4 What are interstitial lamellae?

	Remnants of older Haversian systems destroyed during remodelation of the bone
	Traces of microtraumata which were able do affect the structure of the bone
	First parts of newly formed Haversian systems
	Remnants of immature bone

5 Which type of cartilage is main material of the growth plate?

	Hyaline cartilage
	Elastic cartilage
	Fibrocartilage

6 What does it mean that reticular fibers are argyrophilic?

	They are indistinguishable from background in hematoxylin-eosin staining
	It is possible to highlight them using silver impregnation
	It is possible to highlight them using PAS reaction
	They contain huge amount of saccharides

7 What is a glycosaminoglycan?

	Branched polysaccharide rich on, e.g., hexosamine or uronic acid
	Linear polysaccharide rich on, e.g., hexosamine or uronic acid
	Branched peptide rich on, e.g., leucine or isoleucine
	Linear peptide rich on, e.g., leucine or isoleucine

8 What is a precursor cell of macrophages (histiocytes)?

	Langerhans cell
	Dendritic cell
	Kupffer cell
	Monocyte

9 What is a Sharpey fiber (perforating fiber)?

	Bundle of reticular fiber growing from the bone marrow through the endosteum to the bone
	Bundle of collagen fibers growing from the periosteum to the bone
	Bundle of reticular fibers inside the tendon
	Bundle of collagen fibers inside the tendon

10 What is an aggrecan?

	Abundat proteglycan in the extracellular matrix of a dense connective tissue
	Abundat proteglycan in the extracellular matrix of a hyaline cartilage
	Abundat proteglycan in the extracellular matrix of a compact bone
	Abundat proteglycan in the extracellular matrix of a spongy bone

11 Which is diameter of fibrils of type I collagen?

	2 to 9 nm
	20 to 90 nm
	200 to 900 nm
	2 to 9 μm

12 Which is a fate of osteoblasts?

	After production of the extracellular matrix is completed, all of them differentiate to osteocytes
	After production of the extracellular matrix is completed, all of them disappear via apoptosis
	Minority of them disappear via apoptosis, majority of them differentiate to osteocytes
	Majority of them disappear via apoptosis, minority of them differentiate to osteocytes

13 Which is a general function of mast cells?

	Releasing of molecules involved in regulation of local immune response
	Releasing of moleculec of the extracellular matrix
	Phagocytosis of damaged molecules
	Phagocytosis of bacteria

14 Which is main collagen of basal and external laminae?

	Type I collagen
	Type II collagen
	Type III collagen
	Type IV collagen

15 Which is main fibrilary part of extracellular matrix of bones?

	Fibrils composed of type I collagen
	Fiber composed of type I collagen
	Fibrils composed of type II collagen
	Fibers composed of type II collagen

16 Which is main function of fibroblasts?

	They produce nearly nothing, they are the resting form of the cells producing the extracellular matrix
	Production of the fibrilary component of the extracellular matrix in the connective tissue
	Production of the ground substance of the extracellular matrix in the connective tissue
	Production of main part of the extracellular matrix in the connective tissue

17 Which is main function of plasma cells?

	Production of anti-inflammatory signaling molecules
	Production of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules
	Phagocytosis of foreign particles
	Production of antibodies

18 Which is main protein of collagen fibers?

	Type I collagen
	Type II collagen
	Type III collagen
	Type IV collagen

19 Which is main protein of reticular fibers?

	Type I collagen
	Type II collagen
	Type III collagen
	Type IV collagen

20 Which is main tissue of periosteum?

	Reticular connective tissue
	Elastic connective tissue
	Mucoid connective tissue
	Dense connective tissue

21 Which is the origin of osteoblasts?

	Osteoblasts are extraordinary heterogeneous population including plenty of different origins
	Osteoblasts differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells
	Osteoblasts are derived from the neural crest
	Osteoblasts differentiate from monocytes

22 Which statement describes an articular cartilage the best?

	It does not have perichondrium, fibrilary part of its extracellular matrix is arranged in some pattern
	It does not have perichondrium, fibrilary part of its extracellular matrix is poor
	It has pronounced perichondrium, fibrilary part of its extracellular matrix is arranged in some pattern
	It has pronounced perichondrium, fibrilary part of its extracellular matrix is poor

23 Which proteins are main proteins of elastic fibers?

	Elastin and fibrillin
	Elastin only
	Fibrillin only
	Main material of elastic fibers are liposaccharides

24 Which structure is composed of dense irregular connective tissue?

	Main supportive tissue of hematopoietic organs
	Sheath (capsule) of inner organs
	Lamina propria mucosae
	Ligament

25 Which structure is composed of loose connective tissue?

	Main supportive tissue of hematopoietic organs
	Sheath (capsule) of inner organs
	Lamina propria mucosae
	Ligament

26 Which type of cartilage does not have well-defined perichondrium?

	All types have well-defined perichondrium
	Hyaline cartilage
	Elastic cartilage
	Fibrocartilage

27 Which type of cartilage is inside the auricle?

	Elastic cartilage
	Hyaline cartilage
	Fibrocartilage

28 Which type of cartilage is material of intraarticular discs?

	Elastic cartilage
	Hyaline cartilage
	Fibrocartilage

29 Which type of cartilage is most common in the wall of respiratory ways?

	Elastic cartilage
	Hyaline cartilage
	Fibrocartilage

30 Which type of collagen is main part of fibrilary component of the hyaline cartilage?

	Type I collagen
	Type II collagen
	Type III collagen
	Type IV collagen

31 Which type of tissue is main type of tissue of the tendon?

	Dense irregular connective tissue
	Dense regular connective tissue
	Loose connective tissue
	Fibrocartilage

32 Which of following descriptions is appropriate description of white adipocyte (fat cell)?

	It is usually relatively big cell which is nearly filled by plenty small of lipid droplets
	It is usually relatively big cell which is nearly filled by one big lipid droplet
	It is extraordinary small cell which is filled by plenty of small lipid droplets
	It is extraordinary small cell which is filled by one big lipid droplet

33 Imagine the macrophage (histiocyte) as a super supervillain. Which superpower does he have?

	Phagocytosis
	Autolysis
	Necrosis
	NETosis

34 Which of following statemens describes proteoglycans the best?

	Proteoglycan is composed of big globular protein on which are attached short oligosaccharides
	Proteoglycan is composed of protein core on which are attached glycosaminoglycans
	Proteoglycan is a protein which is able to recognize motifs on saccharides
	Proteoglycan is a hormone which increases level of glucose in blood

35 Which of following statements is the best description of an osteoid?

	Osteoid is an immature extracellular matrix of bones which still lacks inorganic compounds
	Osteoid is an immature extracellular matrix of bones which still lacks fibrilary part
	Osteoid is an destroyed extracellular matrix of bones which already lacks fibrilary part
	Osteoid is an destroyed extracellular matrix of bones which already lacks inorganic compounds

36 Which of following statements about changes of environment inside the sealing zone is true?

	Osteoclasts release hydrolytic enzymes and decrease pH
	Osteoclasts release hydrolytic enzymes and increase pH
	Osteoclasts release lipolytic enzymes and decrease pH
	Osteoclasts release lipolytic enzymes and increase pH

37 Which of following statements about metabolism of chondrocyte is the most accurate?

	Metabolism is slow, main source of energy is anaerobic glycolysis
	Metabolism is slow, main source of energy is aerobic glycolysis
	Metabolism is intense, main source of energy is anaerobic glycolysis
	Metabolism is intense, main source of energy is aerobic glycolysis

38 Which of following statements describes a fibroblast the best?

	It contains irregular branched cytoplasm, large ovoid euchromatic nucleus with prominent nucleolus, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and well-developed Golgi apparatus
	It contains irregular branched cytoplasm, small condensed nucleus, abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous actin filamets
	It contains a few droplets of lipid in the cytoplasm, round and eccentrically located nucleus with
	It is spindle-shaped cell with condensed nucleus, cytoplasm is poor with a few organelles only

39 Which of following techniques is an appropriate technique for demonstration of elastic fibers?

	Heidenhein's trichromatic technique AZAN
	Green Masson trichrome
	Orcein
	PAS reaction

40 Which of following tissues is main tissue of the umbilical cord?

	Jelly-like connective tissue
	Reticular connective tissue
	Loose connective tissue
	White adipose tissue

41 Which of following types of cartilage is the most common in adult body?

	Hyaline cartilage
	Elastic cartilage
	Fibrocartilage

42 Which step is first one during the enchondral ossification?

	Formation of the bone collar on the surface of the cartilagineous model of the bone
	Growing of blood vessels through the cartilage to the primary ossification center
	Calcification of the extracellular matrix
	Hypertrophy of chondrocytes

43 Why is woven bone (primary bone) called woven?

	Bone forms 3D structure which is similar to the wool - "fiber" of bone tissue and big empty spaces
	Fibrilary part of the extracellular matrix is present in this type of bone only
	Collagen fibers in the bone are arranged haphazardly like fibers in the wool
	The name is historical mistake

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