Histology MCQs/Cell and Technique (2023/24)

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0312 Animal Cell and Components.jpg

1 How is called degradation of harvested sample of tissue caused by main enzymes of the tissue?

Autolysis
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Autonomy

2 Why are some hematoxylins called "iron"?

Used embedding medium contains iron
Used fixative fluid contains iron
Used hematoxylin is steel-blue
Used mordant contains iron

3 Which structure is stained using PAS reaction?

DNA
RNA
Glycogen only
All polysaccharides

4 All but one structure are eosinophilic. Which is not?

Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Collagen

5 Which basic (overview) staining method is the most common?

AZAN (aka Heidenhein's trichromatic method)
Hematoxylin-Eosin
Mallory trichrome
Masson trichrome

6 Which color has collagen if the yellow Masson trichrome is used?

Yellow
Black
Pink
Red

7 Which color have nuclei if the AZAN is used?

Magenta
Black
Blue
Red

8 Which method of physical fixation is the most common?

Irradiation by UV light
Microwaving
Freezing
Heating

9 How thick are slices of the specimen for the light microscopy?

4 - 10 mm
1 - 5 mm
4 - 10 μm
1 - 5 μm

10 Which embedding medium is the most common for processing for the light microscopy?

Water insoluble resin
Water soluble resin
Parafin-wax
Gelatine

11 Which tool is necessary if the label in used immunohistochemistry is a fluorescent dye?

Atomic force microscope
Electron microscope
Source of UV light
Cryotome

12 What is necessary if the Sudan IV dye is applied?

Perserve the monosaccharides inside the specimen
Perserve the fat inside the specimen
Keep the specimen frozen
Keep the specimen warm

13 Where take places enzymes of the respiratory chain?

Intermembranous mitochondrial space
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Outer mitochondrial membrane
Inner mitochondrial matrix

14 Which type of cytoskeleton is used by the dynein?

Dynein is not associated with the cytoskeleton
Intermediate filaments
Microfilaments
Microtubules

15 Which of following molecules can pass the membrane easily without the transporter?

Fatty acid
Glucose
Oxygen
Water

16 How is calleed programmed cell death?

Autolysis
Autophagy
Apoptosis
Autonomy

17 How is called phase of the cell cycle in which are non-proliferating cells like neurons?

G0
G1
G2
G3

18 Which cells contain huge amount of a lipofuscin?

Intensily dividing cells
Immature cells
Young cells
Old cells

19 How is called main/immediate template for production of proteins?

snRNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

20 What is main function of the nucleolus?

Production of proteasomes
Production of peroxisomes
Production of ribosomes
Production of lysosomes

21 One of following functions is not main function of the Golgi apparatus. Which one?

Covalent modification of proteins
Degradation of proteins
Targeting of proteins
Glycosylation

22 What is not main functin of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Degradation of xenobiotics
Synthesis of proteins
Production of lipids
Storage of calcium

23 High amount of the euchromatin in a nucleus is a sign of:

Epigenetical silencing of nearly all genes
High level of transcription of genes
Preparation for mitotic division
Preparation for meiotic division

24 Nuclear envelope is associated with one class of intermediate filaments. Which one?

Cytokeratines
Vimentin
Lamins
Desmin

25 How are called main structural proteins of chromosomes which are tightly associated with the DNA?

Histones
Tubulins
Lamins
Actins

26 What is a glycocalyx?

Layer of nucleic acids associated with outer cell membrane
There is no structure called glycocalyx in the human body
Layer of saccharides associated with outer cell membrane
Layer of lipids associated with outer cell membrane

27 What is main function of aquaporins?

They are involved in regulation of exocytosis
They are part of pinocytic vesicles
They are involved in phagocytosis
They are channels for water

28 Which cell adhesion is the most important for mechanical cohesivity of cells?

Zonula occludens (occludent junction)
Desmosome (macula adhaerens)
Gap junction (nexus)
Tight junction

29 Which of following molecules is usually immediate source of energy for biochemical processes?

Triacylglycerols
Fatty acids
Glucose
ATP

30 How is called first step of mitosis?

Metaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Anaphase

31 Which type of cytoskeleton is usually associated with gap junctions?

Gap junction is not associated with cytoskeleton
Cytokeratins
Vimentin
Actin

32 How is called central structure for growth of microtubules?

Centrosome
Peroxisome
Proteasome
Nucleus

33 Which structure gives rise to the lipofuscin?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Melanosomes
Lysosomes

34 Which structure is main molecule of the biological membrane?

Neutral polysaccharides
Charged polysaccharides
Lipophilic proteins
Phospholipids

35 Which is a function of caspases?

Degradation of macromolecules of dying cell
Degradation of ingested bacteria
Degradation of worn-out proteins
Degradation of damaged DNA

36 Which of following structures is a cell inclusion?

Granule of glycogen
Proteasome
Ribosome
Centriol

37 Which organelles are abundant in the basal labyrinth (aka basal annealing)?

Golgi apparatus
Microfilaments
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

38 Which type of cytoskeleton supports microvilli?

Vimentin filaments
Microfilament
Microtubules
Cytokeratins

39 Which motor protein is responsible for movement of kinocilia (aka cilia)?

Kinocilia are immotile
Kinesin
Dynein
Myosin

40 Which motor protein is responsible for movement of stereocilia?

Stereocilia are immotile
Kinesin
Myosin
Dynein


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