Gonosomal aneuploidy syndromes in man
From WikiLectures
Aneuploidy – change in chromosome number by less than a complete set, usually ± 1 chromosome
Trisomy – three copies of sex chromosomes
Monosomy – one copy of chromosome; monosomy of chromosome X is only monosomy viable in man
Clinically important syndromes with gonosomal aneuploidy in man[edit | edit source]
Turner syndrome[edit | edit source]
- monosomy of chromosome X; karyotype 45,X
- Frequency 1:2 000-2 500
- Phenotype (female):
- short stature, broad/shield chest, underdeveloped breast, hygroma colli cysticum (usually detected by ultrasound prenatally), short webbed neck (pterygium colli), palms and feet oedemas (newborns), low posterior hairline
gonadal dysgenesis (rudimentary fibrous ovaries), primary amenorrhoea, average intelligence (not retarded), but frequently learning difficulties
- Therapy: hormonal therapy – growth hormone (height) and sex hormones (sexual features); in vitro fertlilization with oocyte donor
- Life expectancy: usually not limited (more than 90 % of fetuses do not survive, monosomy X is most frequent finding in spontaneous abortions
Klinefelter syndrome[edit | edit source]
- karyotype 47,XXY
- Frequency 1:500-1 000
- Phenotype (male):
- tall stature, sterility – azoospermia, testicular atrophy, cryptorchism, female pubic hair pattern, poor beard growth, female type of fat distribution, gynaecomastia, average intelligence (not retarded), male psychosexual orientation
XXX syndrome („superfemale“)[edit | edit source]
- trisomy X; karyotype 47,XXX
- Frequency 1:1 000
- Phenotype:
- no specific phenotype, average intelligence, normal sexual development, decreased fertility (spontaneous abortions), without higher risk of chromosomal aberrations in offspring, no increased occurrence of congenital disorders
XYY syndrome („supermale“)[edit | edit source]
- karyotype 47,XYY
- Frequency 1:1 000
- Phenotype:
- „robust“ growth (proportional), especially height, average intelligence, normal sexual development, normal fertility, without higher risk of chromosomal aberrations in offspring, controversial hypothesis - affected psychosocial development
