Classification of periodontal diseases

Periodontal disease is a disease of the periodontium, the hanging apparatus of the tooth.

Classification according to German nomenclature

Inflammatory forms

Gingivitis

Gingivitis before treatment
Gingivitis after treatment
  • Acute gingivitis.
  • Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG).
  • Chronic gingivitis.
  • Special forms of gingivitis.

Marginal parodontitis

  • Parodontitis marginalis superficialis.
  • Parodontitis marginalis profunda (including various forms such as LJP, RPP, AP).

Gingivo-parodontal manifestations of general diseases

Hyperplastic forms

  • Fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva.
  • Idiopathic fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva.
  • Drug-induced fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva.
  • Epulids.

Traumatogenic forms

  • Injury to the gingiva.
  • Desmodontal trauma.

Involutional forms

  • Parodontal recessions.
  • Solitary periodontal recessions.
  • Generalized periodontal recessions.
  • Atrophy of the alveolus.

Classification according to American nomenclature

Gingival disease

Plaque-associated gingivitis

  • Chronic gingivitis.
  • Acute necrotizing gingivitis.
  • Gingivitis associated with systemic conditions or medications (hormonal-influenced gingivitis, drug-induced gingivitis, HIV gingivitis).

Gingival manifestation of systemic diseases and mucocutaneous lesions

  • Bacterial, viral or fungal (e.g. acute herpetic gingivostomatitis).
  • Blood dyscrasia.
  • Mucocutaneous diseases (e.g. lichen planus, cicatricial pemphigoid).

Other gingival changes


Periodontitis

Adult periodontitis

Early-onset periodontitis

Periodontitis associated with systemic disease

  • Juvenile periodontitis (generalized, localized).
  • Prepubertal periodontitis (generalized, localized).
  • Mucocutaneous diseases (e.g. lichen planus, cicatricial pemphigoid).

Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis

Refractory periodontitis

  • Early periodontitis - progression of gingival inflammation to deep periodontal structures with little loss of attachment and bone.
  • Moderate periodontitis - symptom intensification with marked bone loss, possibly with increased tooth mobility, in multirooted teeth, furcation involvement.

Classification according to Annals of Periodontology, December 1999

 For more information see Pathology of the periodontium.

Sources

Bibliography