Blepharospasm

Blepharospasm refers to involuntary tonic and spastic contractions of the eyelids lasting a few seconds to minutes, which are caused by spasmodic pinching of the orbicularis oculi .

Etiology

The cause may be

• 

  .
  encephalitis ,
• Bell's polio ,
• trigeminal nerve irritation ,
• irritation of diseases of the eyelids, conjunctiva and cornea (eg foreign body).

Clinical picture

Intermittent form

It mostly affects elderly patients. Individual seizures occur at different intervals, may be idiopathic or triggered by different stimuli (eg sneezing, laughter, etc.)

Fixed form

It is usually associated with tearing, photophobia and abrasions on the edges of the eyelids.

Therapy

There are more therapeutic methods. First and foremost, it is necessary to eliminate or treat the underlying cause as far as possible. If the problem persists, we can administer botulinum toxin to the patient , the disadvantage being the need to repeat after 2-3 months. In extreme cases, when the eye slit may be permanently pinched , sedatives may be administered , the fibers of the orbicularis oculi may be surgically weakened, or the fibers of the facial nerve branch may be cut .

Links

https://www.wikiskripta.eu/index.php?curid=58921

Related Articles

• Eyelid position disorders
• Dystonia

External links

• Video blepharospasm

References

• ROZSÍVAL, Pavel, et al. Ophthalmology. 1st edition. Galén, Karolinum, 2006. 373 pp.  ISBN 80-7262-404-0 .

References

1. ↑ ROZSÍVAL, Pavel, et al. Ophthalmology. 1st edition. Galén, Karolinum, 2006. 373 pp.  ISBN 80-7262-404-0 .