Biomaterials – Applications in Dental Surgery
Definition
Any material put into/interact with living organism with the objective to restore, augment or replace the function of the organism. Biomaterials do not have to be biomimetic, but to restore function.
General Classification
Metals
- Co-Cr alloys
- Stainless Steel
- Gold
- Titanium alloys
- Vitalium
- Nitinol
Applications
- Prosthodontics
- Orthopaedics
- Fracture fixation
Ceramics
- Zirconia
- Allumina
- Calcium Phosphate
- Pyrolytic Carbon
Applications
- Orthopaedics
- Heart Valves
- Dental Reconstruction
Coatings
- Bioglass
- Hydroxyapatite
- Diamond-like carbon
- Polymers
Applications
- Orthopaedics
- Contact lenses
- in-growth
Polymers
- Silicones
- Gore-tex
- Polyurethanes
- Polyethylanes
Applications
- Orthopaedics
- Catheters
- Vascular Grafts
Hydrogels
- Cellulose
- Acrylic co-polymers
Applications
- Drug Delivery
- Vitreous implants
- Wound Healing
Resorbables
- Polyglycollic acid
- Polylactic Acid
- Polyesters
Applications
- Sutures
- Drug delivery
- In-gowth
- Tissue engineering
Classification according to bio-compatibility.
- Bio-tolerated = no rejection but fibrotic border
- Bio-inert = osteointigration at bone implant contact. Eg Titanium coated with zirconium oxide
- Bio-active = induce changes in body.
- Biotoxic = not used.
