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Summary
DescriptionWiki directional muscle forcesfig2.jpg
English: Figure 2. — Four main muscle vector forces work in a co-ordinated way to close or open the outlet tubes, urethra ‘U’,
vagina ‘V’ and rectum ‘R’. It is evident that the arrows contract against the front and back ligaments (PUL, USL). (Perspective: sitting position.)
Legends PUL=pubourethral ligament; USL=uterosacral ligament; PCM=anterior portion of pubococcygues muscle; LP=levator plate muscle; LMA=conjoint longitudinal muscle of the anus; PS=pubic symphysis; S=sacrum; EAS=external anal sphincter.
The vector forces (arrows) contract against the suspensory pelvic ligaments, PUL attached to the urethra “U” and USL attached to the uterus.
Their contractile strength may diminish when their insertion ligaments are lax, so that the muscles cannot adequately close the urethral or anal tubes (incontinence) or cannot open them properly (constipation, bladder emptying difficulties).
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