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WikiLectures - User contributions [en]
2024-03-29T07:34:55Z
User contributions
MediaWiki 1.39.1
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Portal:Anatomy&diff=1624
Portal:Anatomy
2009-10-11T07:08:09Z
<p>Valtameri: +link</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__<br />
{|<br />
| [[Image:Anatomie.png|50px]]<br />
| &nbsp;<br />
|<br />
<big>'''Anatomy'''</big><br /><br />
This subject is taught in the 1st year of General Medicine.<br />
|}<br />
-----<br />
<br />
== Topographical Anatomy <span style="color: #ddd; float: right;">...study materials for anatomy disection</span> ==<br />
=== Head and neck ===<br />
* [[Parapharyngeal space]]<br />
=== Upper limb ===<br />
* [[Clavipectoral triangle]] • [[Triangular space]] • [[Quadrangular space]] • [[Axilla]] • [[Cubital fossa]] • [[Carpal tunnel]] • [[Anatomical snuffbox]]<br />
=== Lower limb ===<br />
* [[Suprapiriform foramen]] • [[Infrapiriform foramen]] • [[Lacuna vasorum]] • [[Lacuna musculorum]] • [[Femoral triangle]] • [[Adductor canal]] • [[Adductor hiatus]] • [[Popliteal fossa]] • [[Tarsal tunnel]]<br />
<br />
== Examination ==<br />
* [[Portal:Questions for final examination in anatomy|Questions for final examination in anatomy]]<br />
* [[Portal:Topics of seminars in anatomy|Topics of seminars in anatomy]]<br />
<br />
== Useful links ==<br />
* [http://anat.lf1.cuni.cz/aindex.html Institute of Anatomy]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Subjects]]<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=User_talk:Nippro&diff=1623
User talk:Nippro
2009-10-11T07:03:49Z
<p>Valtameri: Welcome!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Welcome}}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Valtameri|Valtameri]] 07:03, 11 October 2009 (UTC)</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=User_talk:Ioannoui&diff=1581
User talk:Ioannoui
2009-10-08T07:55:40Z
<p>Valtameri: Welcome!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Welcome}}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Valtameri|Valtameri]] 07:55, 8 October 2009 (UTC)</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=User:Valtameri&diff=1577
User:Valtameri
2009-10-06T12:14:14Z
<p>Valtameri: n</p>
<hr />
<div>I'm 6th year student of General Medicine.</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=User_talk:Powerful_throw&diff=1576
User talk:Powerful throw
2009-10-06T12:07:50Z
<p>Valtameri: Welcome!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Welcome}}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Valtameri|Valtameri]] 12:07, 6 October 2009 (UTC)</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=User_talk:Mismatchedmac&diff=1575
User talk:Mismatchedmac
2009-10-06T12:07:20Z
<p>Valtameri: Welcome!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Welcome}}</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=User_talk:Quarteyk&diff=1574
User talk:Quarteyk
2009-10-06T12:06:41Z
<p>Valtameri: Welcome!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Welcome}}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Valtameri|Valtameri]] 12:06, 6 October 2009 (UTC)</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Canalis_adductorius&diff=1537
Canalis adductorius
2009-10-01T16:31:30Z
<p>Valtameri: #REDIRECT Adductor canal</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Adductor canal]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Hunter%E2%80%98s_canal&diff=1536
Hunter‘s canal
2009-10-01T16:31:09Z
<p>Valtameri: #REDIRECT Adductor canal</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Adductor canal]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Tarsal_Tunnel&diff=1535
Tarsal Tunnel
2009-10-01T16:29:48Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''tarsal tunnel''' is behind the medial malleolus. It contents:<br />
<br />
* T'''ib'''ialis posterior<br />
* Flexor '''di'''gitorum longus<br />
* Posterior tibial '''a'''rtery<br />
* Posterior tibial '''ve'''in<br />
* Tibial '''ne'''rve<br />
* Flexor '''h'''allucis longus<br />
<br />
(Remember: TI.DI.A.VE.NE.H)<br />
<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Popliteal_Fossa&diff=1534
Popliteal Fossa
2009-10-01T16:26:16Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>== Boundaries ==<br />
<br />
* superior and medial: the semitendinosus and semimembranosus<br />
* superior and lateral: the biceps femoris muscle <br />
* inferior and medial: the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle <br />
* inferior and lateral: the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle <br />
<br />
== Contents ==<br />
<br />
* popliteal artery and vein<br />
* tibial nerve<br />
* common peroneal nerve<br />
* popliteal lymph nodes<br />
<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Adductor_Hiatus&diff=1533
Adductor Hiatus
2009-10-01T16:24:11Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''adductor hiatus''' is the termination of the [[adductor canal]] at the [[knee]], in the [[adductor magnus]].<br />
<br />
<br />
Contents:<br />
* [[femoral artery]] and [[femoral vein]] <br />
: (Note: After they pass through, they are called the [[popliteal artery]] and [[popliteal vein]].)<br />
<br />
<br />
===See also===<br />
* [[Adductor canal]]<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Adductor_Canal&diff=1532
Adductor Canal
2009-10-01T16:21:50Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''adductor canal'''('''Hunter‘s canal''', lat. ''canalis adductorius'') is bounded: <br />
* in front and laterally by [[vastus medialis]]<br />
* behind by [[adductor longus]] and [[adductor magnus]]<br />
* covered in by a strong aponeurosis (lamina vastoadductoria) which extends from vastus medialis, across the femoral vessels to adductor longus and magnus<br />
<br />
<br />
The canal contains: <br />
* the [[femoral artery]] and [[femoral vein]]<br />
* the [[saphenous nerve]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===See also===<br />
* [[Adductor hiatus]]<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Portal:Anatomy&diff=1515
Portal:Anatomy
2009-09-30T20:39:20Z
<p>Valtameri: +</p>
<hr />
<div>{|<br />
| [[Image:Anatomie.png|50px]]<br />
| &nbsp;<br />
|<br />
<big>'''Anatomy'''</big><br /><br />
This subject is taught in the 1st year of General Medicine.<br />
|}<br />
-----<br />
<br />
* [[Portal:Questions for final examination in anatomy|Questions for final examination in anatomy]]<br />
* [[Portal:Topics of seminars in anatomy|Topics of seminars in anatomy]]<br />
<br />
<br />
* Topographical Anatomy - study materials for anatomical dissections<br />
*: '''Upper limb'''<br />
*:: [[Clavipectoral triangle]] • [[Triangular space]] • [[Quadrangular space]] • [[Axilla]] • [[Cubital fossa]] • [[Carpal tunnel]] • [[Anatomical snuffbox]]<br />
*: '''Lower limb'''<br />
*:: [[Suprapiriform foramen]] • [[Infrapiriform foramen]] • [[Lacuna vasorum]] • [[Lacuna musculorum]] • [[Femoral triangle]] • [[Adductor canal]] • [[Adductor hiatus]] • [[Popliteal fossa]] • [[Tarsal tunnel]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Subjects]]<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Trigonum_femorale&diff=1514
Trigonum femorale
2009-09-30T20:34:49Z
<p>Valtameri: #REDIRECT Femoral triangle</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Femoral triangle]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Scarpa%E2%80%98s_triangle&diff=1513
Scarpa‘s triangle
2009-09-30T20:34:33Z
<p>Valtameri: #REDIRECT Femoral triangle</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Femoral triangle]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Femoral_Triangle&diff=1512
Femoral Triangle
2009-09-30T20:34:00Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''femoral triangle''' ('''Scarpa‘s triangle''', lat. ''trigonum femorale'') is bounded by:<br />
* (superiorly) the [[inguinal ligament]]<br />
* (medially) the medial border of [[adductor longus]]<br />
* (laterally) the medial border of [[sartorius]]<br />
<br />
* Its floor is formed by the [[iliopsoas]] and [[pectineus]]. <br />
* Its roof is formed by the [[fascia lata]].<br />
<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Muscular_Lacuna&diff=1511
Muscular Lacuna
2009-09-30T20:31:07Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Lacuna musculorum''' is an anatomical structure placed behind/bellow the inguinal ligament. Lacuna vasorum is medially, while lacuna musculorum is laterally.<br />
<br />
Contents of lacuna musculorum:<br />
* [[Femoral nerve]]<br />
* [[Iliopsoas]]<br />
* [[Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve]]<br />
<br />
=== See also ===<br />
*[[Lacuna vasorum]]<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Vascular_Lacuna&diff=1510
Vascular Lacuna
2009-09-30T20:29:05Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Lacuna vasorum''' is an anatomical structure placed behind/bellow the inguinal ligament. Lacuna vasorum is medially, while [[lacuna musculorum]] is laterally.<br />
<br />
Contents of lacuna vasorum (order from medial part): <br />
* Deep inguinal lymph nodes<br />
* [[Femoral vein]]<br />
* [[Femoral artery]]<br />
* Femoral branch of the [[genitofemoral nerve]] <br />
<br />
=== See also ===<br />
*[[Lacuna musculorum]]<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Foramen_suprapiriforme&diff=1509
Foramen suprapiriforme
2009-09-30T20:23:15Z
<p>Valtameri: #REDIRECT Suprapiriform foramen</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Suprapiriform foramen]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Foramen_infrapiriforme&diff=1508
Foramen infrapiriforme
2009-09-30T20:22:42Z
<p>Valtameri: #REDIRECT Infrapiriform foramen</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Infrapiriform foramen]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Infrapiriform_Foramen&diff=1507
Infrapiriform Foramen
2009-09-30T20:21:33Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''infrapiriform foramen''' (lat. ''foramen infrapiriforme'') contents:<br />
* [[inferior gluteal nerve]] and vessels<br />
* [[pudendal nerve]] and [[internal pudendal vessels]]<br />
* [[sciatic nerve]]<br />
* [[posterior femoral cutaneous nerve]]<br />
<br />
<br />
=== See also ===<br />
*[[Suprapiriform foramen]]<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Suprapiriform_Foramen&diff=1506
Suprapiriform Foramen
2009-09-30T20:19:44Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''suprapiriform foramen''' (lat. ''foramen suprapiriforme'') contents:<br />
* [[superior gluteal nerve]] and vessels<br />
<br />
<br />
=== See also ===<br />
*[[Infrapiriform foramen]]<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Portal:Anatomy&diff=1505
Portal:Anatomy
2009-09-30T20:03:32Z
<p>Valtameri: + topography links</p>
<hr />
<div>{|<br />
| [[Image:Anatomie.png|50px]]<br />
| &nbsp;<br />
|<br />
<big>'''Anatomy'''</big><br /><br />
This subject is taught in the 1st year of General Medicine.<br />
|}<br />
-----<br />
<br />
* [[Portal:Questions for final examination in anatomy|Questions for final examination in anatomy]]<br />
* [[Portal:Topics of seminars in anatomy|Topics of seminars in anatomy]]<br />
<br />
<br />
* Topographical Anatomy - study materials for anatomical dissections<br />
*: '''Upper limb'''<br />
*:: [[Clavipectoral triangle]] • [[Triangular space]] • [[Quadrangular space]] • [[Axilla]] • [[Cubital fossa]] • [[Carpal tunnel]] • [[Anatomical snuffbox]]<br />
*: '''Lower limb'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Subjects]]<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Foveola_radialis&diff=1504
Foveola radialis
2009-09-30T19:59:16Z
<p>Valtameri: #REDIRECT Anatomical snuffbox</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Anatomical snuffbox]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Radial_Fossa&diff=1502
Radial Fossa
2009-09-30T19:58:33Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''anatomical snuffbox''' ('''radial fossa''', lat. ''foveola radialis'') <br />
* the posterior border - the tendon of the [[extensor pollicis longus]] <br />
* the anterior border - tendons of the [[extensor pollicis brevis]] and the [[abductor pollicis longus]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Contents: <br />
* the [[radial artery]]<br />
* the dorsal cutaneous branch of the [[radial nerve]]<br />
* the [[cephalic vein]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Note: It is possible to palpate there fracture of scaphoid.<br />
<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Carpal_Tunnel&diff=1501
Carpal Tunnel
2009-09-30T19:54:43Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''carpal tunnel''' is the space between the [[flexor retinaculum]] and the [[carpal bones]]<br />
contents:<br />
* The [[median nerve]]<br />
* The tendons of the flexor digitorum spf.<br />
* The tendons of the flexor digitorum prof.<br />
* The tendon of the [[flexor pollicis longus]]<br />
* The tendon of the [[flexor carpi radialis]]<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Cubital_Fossa&diff=1500
Cubital Fossa
2009-09-30T19:52:31Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>== Boundaries of the cubital fossa ==<br />
* superior – [[biceps brachii]] muscle<br />
* medial (ulnar) - [[pronator teres]] muscle<br />
* lateral (radial) - [[brachioradialis]] muscle<br />
* superficial boundary (roof)- deep fascia reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis (a sheet of tendon-like material that branches off the tendon of the biceps)<br />
* deep boundary (floor)- [[brachialis]] (and [[supinator]]) muscles<br />
<br />
== Contents ==<br />
* The [[radial nerve]] (between brachioradialis and brachialis)<br />
* The [[brachial artery]] (bifurcates into the [[radial artery]] (superficial) and [[ulnar artery]] (deeper)) and the [[brachial vein]]<br />
* The [[median nerve]] <br />
* The cubital lymph nodes<br />
<br />
* one can also use the mnemonic for lateral to medial: "Really Need Beer To Be At My Nicest". (radial n., bicipital tendon, brachial a., median n.) <br />
<br />
<br />
The ulnar nerve is also in the area, but is not in the cubital fossa; it occupies a groove on the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle of the humerus.<br />
Several veins are also in the area (for example, the median cubital vein, cephalic vein, and basilic vein) but these are usually considered superficial to the cubital fossa, and not part of its contents.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Axilla&diff=1499
Axilla
2009-09-30T19:48:25Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>== Boundaries of axilla ==<br />
<br />
The anterior wall is formed by the pectorales major and minor. <br />
The posterior wall is formed by the [[subscapularis]] above, the [[teres major]] and [[latissimus dorsi]] below. <br />
On the medial side are the first four ribs with their corresponding [[intercostales]], and part of the [[serratus anterior]]. <br />
On the lateral side is bounded by the [[humerus]], the [[coracobrachialis]], and the [[biceps brachii]]. <br />
<br />
== Contents ==<br />
<br />
* the axillary vessels<br />
* the [[brachial plexus]] of nerves with their branches <br />
* large number of lymph nodes<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
===External links===<br />
* [http://home.comcast.net/~wnor/lesson3axilla.htm lesson3axilla] at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Foramen_humerotricipitale&diff=1498
Foramen humerotricipitale
2009-09-30T19:42:56Z
<p>Valtameri: #REDIRECT Quadrangular space</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Quadrangular space]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Quadrangular_Space&diff=1497
Quadrangular Space
2009-09-30T19:42:16Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''quadrangular space''' (lat. ''foramen humerotricipitale'') is bounded by the [[teres minor]] above, the [[teres major]] below, the long head of the [[triceps brachii]] medially, and the surgical neck of the [[humerus]] laterally. <br />
<br />
Contains the [[posterior humeral circumflex artery]] (which arises from the [[axillary artery]]) and vein with the [[axillary nerve]].<br />
<br />
===See also===<br />
* [[triangular space]]<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
===External links===<br />
* [http://iris3.med.tufts.edu/dentgross/labguide/Shoulder4.html Photo at tufts.edu]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Trigonum_clavipectorale&diff=1496
Trigonum clavipectorale
2009-09-30T19:37:21Z
<p>Valtameri: #REDIRECT Clavipectoral triangle</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Clavipectoral triangle]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Foramen_omotricipitale&diff=1495
Foramen omotricipitale
2009-09-30T19:36:00Z
<p>Valtameri: #REDIRECT Triangular space</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Triangular space]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Medial_axillary_space&diff=1494
Medial axillary space
2009-09-30T19:35:28Z
<p>Valtameri: #REDIRECT Triangular space</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Triangular space]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Triangular_Space&diff=1493
Triangular Space
2009-09-30T19:34:44Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''triangular space''' ('''medial axillary space''', lat. f''oramen omotricipitale)''<br />
is bounded by the [[teres minor]] superiorly, the [[teres major]] inferiorly, and the long head of the [[triceps brachii]] laterally<br />
<br />
Contains the [[scapular circumflex vessels]]. (axillary a. – subscapular a. – scapular circumflex artery)<br />
<br />
===See also===<br />
* [[quadrangular space]]<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
===External links===<br />
* [http://iris3.med.tufts.edu/dentgross/labguide/Shoulder4.html Photo at tufts.edu]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Deltopectoral_triangle&diff=1492
Deltopectoral triangle
2009-09-30T19:29:16Z
<p>Valtameri: redirect</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Clavipectoral triangle]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Clavipectoral_Triangle&diff=1491
Clavipectoral Triangle
2009-09-30T19:20:57Z
<p>Valtameri: new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''clavipectoral''' or '''deltopectoral''' '''triangle''' (lat. ''trigonum clavipectorale'') is an anatomical triangle bordered by the following structures:<br />
* [[pectoralis major]]<br />
* [[deltoid]]<br />
* [[clavicle]]<br />
<br />
It contains the [[cephalic vein]], [[thoracoacromial artery]] and pectoral nerves.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
* Petrovický P., Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi<br />
<br />
===External links===<br />
* [http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l04/030101.htm SUNY Labs - Deltopectoral Triangle]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=User_talk:PraguePrincess21&diff=1358
User talk:PraguePrincess21
2009-07-30T10:35:30Z
<p>Valtameri: Welcome!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Welcome}}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Valtameri|Valtameri]] 12:35, 30 July 2009 (CEST)</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Parapharyngeal_Space&diff=1139
Parapharyngeal Space
2009-06-09T14:58:42Z
<p>Valtameri: +citation</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Parapharyngeal space''' (''spatium parapharyngeum'') is space lateral and dorsolateral to [[pharynx]], medially continues into [[retropharyngeal space]].<br />
<br />
Boundaries: <br />
* superiorly – [[base of skull]]<br />
* inferiorly – [[carotic triangle]]<br />
* ventromedially – pharynx<br />
* dorsally – prevertebral muscles (longus colli and capitis), scaleni mm., sternocleidomastoid m.<br />
* ventrolaterally – digastric m. (post. belly), stylohyoid m., stylohyoid lig., stylopharyngeal m., styloglossus m., med. pterygoid m., sup. constrictor of pharynx m.<br />
<br />
Parapharyngeal space is divided by styloid septum, which runs from stylohyoid lig. and styloid muscles to the wall of pharynx, into prestyloid and retrostyloid part.<br />
<br />
== Prestyloid part of parapharyngeal space ==<br />
Prestyloid part of parapharyngeal space (paratonsilar space)is the very most ventral part of parapharyngeal space. It's very narrow space.<br />
<br />
It contains: [[glossopharyngeal nerve]], [[ascendent palatine artery]],...<br />
<br />
It‘s lower part is close to [[submandibular gland]] (which is close to [[palatine tonsilla]] – so infections can easily spread to prestyloid and then to restrostyloid space)<br />
<br />
== Retrostyloid part of parapharyngeal space ==<br />
It contains: [[internal carotid artery]], [[ascendent pharyngeal artery]], [[internal jugular vein]], glossopharyngeal nerve, [[vagus nerve]], [[accessory nerve]], [[hypoglossal nerve]], [[sympathetic trunk]] (inside deep cervical fascia) <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Citation<br />
|type = book<br />
|corporation = <br />
|surname1 = Petrovický<br />
|name1 = Pavel<br />
|surname2 =<br />
|name2 = <br />
|surname3 =<br />
|name3 = <br />
|collective =<br />
|title = Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi II. svazek<br />
|edition = <br />
|place = <br />
|publisher = Osveta <br />
|year = 2001<br />
|pages = 90<br />
|serie = <br />
|issue = <br />
|isbn = 80-8063-046-1<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Talk:Parapharyngeal_Space&diff=1137
Talk:Parapharyngeal Space
2009-06-03T20:23:39Z
<p>Valtameri: template - citation?</p>
<hr />
<div>I havent found english template for citation... is there any? --[[User:Valtameri|Valtameri]] 20:23, 3 June 2009 (UTC)</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Parapharyngeal_Space&diff=1136
Parapharyngeal Space
2009-06-03T20:18:51Z
<p>Valtameri: new</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Parapharyngeal space''' (''spatium parapharyngeum'') is space lateral and dorsolateral to [[pharynx]], medially continues into [[retropharyngeal space]].<br />
<br />
Boundaries: <br />
* superiorly – [[base of skull]]<br />
* inferiorly – [[carotic triangle]]<br />
* ventromedially – pharynx<br />
* dorsally – prevertebral muscles (longus colli and capitis), scaleni mm., sternocleidomastoid m.<br />
* ventrolaterally – digastric m. (post. belly), stylohyoid m., stylohyoid lig., stylopharyngeal m., styloglossus m., med. pterygoid m., sup. constrictor of pharynx m.<br />
<br />
Parapharyngeal space is divided by styloid septum, which runs from stylohyoid lig. and styloid muscles to the wall of pharynx, into prestyloid and retrostyloid part.<br />
<br />
== Prestyloid part of parapharyngeal space ==<br />
Prestyloid part of parapharyngeal space (paratonsilar space)is the very most ventral part of parapharyngeal space. It's very narrow space.<br />
<br />
It contains: [[glossopharyngeal nerve]], [[ascendent palatine artery]],...<br />
<br />
It‘s lower part is close to [[submandibular gland]] (which is close to [[palatine tonsilla]] – so infections can easily spread to prestyloid and then to restrostyloid space)<br />
<br />
== Retrostyloid part of parapharyngeal space ==<br />
It contains: [[internal carotid artery]], [[ascendent pharyngeal artery]], [[internal jugular vein]], glossopharyngeal nerve, [[vagus nerve]], [[accessory nerve]], [[hypoglossal nerve]], [[sympathetic trunk]] (inside deep cervical fascia) <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Petrovický Pavel: Anatomie s topografií a klinickými aplikacemi II. svazek, Osveta 2001, ISBN: 80-8063-046-1, page 90<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Portal:Questions_for_final_examination_in_anatomy_(1._LF_UK,_GM)&diff=1135
Portal:Questions for final examination in anatomy (1. LF UK, GM)
2009-06-03T20:07:05Z
<p>Valtameri: /* Regional Anatomy */ link</p>
<hr />
<div>== Skeleton and its connections ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Structure and types of bones, their vessels and nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Ossification, remodeling and growth of the bone]]<br />
<br />
[[Connection of bones, structures and types of joints]]<br />
<br />
[[The osseous nasal cavity, relations to neighboring structures]]<br />
<br />
[[Bony orbit - walls, relation to neighboring structures, passages]]<br />
<br />
[[Skull as a complex, skull of neonate]]<br />
<br />
[[Vertebral column, connections, curvatures and motility]]<br />
<br />
[[Craniovertebral connections]]<br />
<br />
[[Bones of the thorax, connections, motility of the ribs]]<br />
<br />
[[Temporomandibular joint - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Shoulder joint - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Elbow joint - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Bones of the hand and foot including X-ray images]]<br />
<br />
[[Joints of the hand - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Bony pelvis as a complex, connections, passages, diameters, planes, sexual differences]]<br />
<br />
[[Hip joint - structure, movements, congenital luxation]]<br />
<br />
[[Knee joint - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Talocrural and subtalar joints - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Plantar arches and their support]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Muscles ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[General features of striated muscle, its auxiliary structures, motor end plate, motor unit, muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organ]] <br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the head]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the neck - suprahyoid, infrahyoid, scalene, prevertebral (draw transversal section of the neck)]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of thorax (intercostal, extrinsic, diaphragm)]]<br />
<br />
[[The diaphragm - structure, openings, position and function, innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles of the abdominal wall, their function, fascias]]<br />
<br />
[[Inguinal canal – walls, rings (draw scheme), inguinal hernias]]<br />
<br />
[[Pelvic floor - pelvic and urogenital diaphragm, ischioanal fossa, fascias]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of back (extrinsic and intrinsic)]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles, fascias and spaces of the shoulder girdle]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the arm (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the forearm]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the hand (draw transverse section), tendon sheaths]]<br />
<br />
[[Dorsal and ventral muscles of the hip, fascias of the hip]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the thigh, femoral triangle, the popliteal fossa]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the leg (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles of the foot, fascias (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== The Gastrointestinal tract ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Structure of the teeth, fixation, innervation and blood supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Primary and permanent dentition formula, eruption, types of occlusion]]<br />
<br />
[[Tongue – description, intra and extraglossal muscles, vessels, nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Soft and hard palate, muscles (draw scheme), vessels, nerves, isthmus of fauces]]<br />
<br />
[[Salivary glands - description, syntopy, innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Pharynx – description, divisions, muscles, syntopy, vascular supply, innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Tonsills (nasal, palatine and lingual, Waldeyer circle)]]<br />
<br />
[[Oesophagus – description, divisions, syntopy]]<br />
<br />
[[Stomach – description, shape, position, syntopy, projection on the body surface]]<br />
<br />
[[Stomach – the structure of the wall, divisions, innnervation, vessels, lymphatic drainage]]<br />
<br />
[[Small intestine – structure, divisions, vessels, lymphatic drainage]]<br />
<br />
[[The duodenum – divisions, syntopy (draw scheme), relations to the peritoneum, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[The large intestine – divisions, syntopy (draw scheme), relations to the peritoneum, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Pancreas|Pancreas – description, syntopy]], [[surgical approaches to pancreas]], [[Langerhans islets]]<br />
<br />
[[Liver – description (draw scheme of the visceral surface), segments, syntopy]]<br />
<br />
[[Liver - structure, nutritional and portal vascular bed, intrahepatic bile ducts]]<br />
<br />
[[Extrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, divisions, syntopy (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Rectum and anal canal - description, divisions, syntopy (draw frontal and sagittal sections), vascular supply, sphincters and their innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Peritoneum - parietal and visceral, greater and lesser omentum, mesentery]]<br />
<br />
[[Lesser sac - walls, recesses (draw sagittal section)]]<br />
<br />
== Respiratory system ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Nose and nasal cavity, choanae, vascular and nerve supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Paranasal sinuses - description and topographic relations]]<br />
<br />
[[Larynx - cartilagines, joints, ligaments, muscles (draw frontal section of the larynx)]]<br />
<br />
[[Larynx – position and topographic relations, vascular and nerve supply, (draw laryngoscopic view of inlet)]]<br />
<br />
[[Trachea – description, topographic relations, (draw scheme), tracheotomy]]<br />
<br />
[[Bronchi – bronchial tree, lobar and segmental bronchi]]<br />
<br />
[[Lungs – surfaces and relations, lobes and bronchopulmonary segments]]<br />
<br />
[[Lungs – structure of respiratory part of the lung]]<br />
<br />
[[Lungs – borders of the lungs, hilum, vascular and nerve supply, lymphatics, lymph nodes]]<br />
<br />
[[Pleura – visceral and parietal, borders of the pleura, pleural dome and recesses (draw scheme), innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Mechanics of respiration, pneumothorax]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Urinary and reproductive system ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Kidney – description, syntopy (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Structure of kidney – cortex, medulla, envelopes]]<br />
<br />
[[Blood vessels of the kidney, renal segments]]<br />
<br />
[[Renal pelvis, calices, ureter – description and syntopy]]<br />
<br />
[[Urinary bladder - structure, position and topographic relation in male and female (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Male and female urethra – description, divisions]]<br />
<br />
[[Testis and epididymis – description]]<br />
<br />
[[Scrotum and coverings of testis, descent of testis]]<br />
<br />
[[Vas deferens, seminal vesicles, spermatic cord]]<br />
<br />
[[Prostate, structure, topographic relations, prostatic urethra, ejaculatory ducts]]<br />
<br />
[[Penis – structure (draw cross-section), vascular and nerve supply, mechanism of errection]]<br />
<br />
[[Ovary - structure, function, position, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Uterine (Fallopian) tube - structure, divisions, position, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Uterus – shape and divisions, structure of the wall, vascular supply, lymphatics]]<br />
<br />
[[Uterus – position, size and fixation (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Broad ligament of the uterus]]<br />
<br />
[[Vagina – description and topographic relations (draw uterus and vagina in sagittal section), External female genital organs]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Heart ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Heart description, prenatal and postnatal circulation]]<br />
<br />
[[Structure of heart wall and arrangement of the myocardium in the ventricles and atria (draw section through ventricles), skeleton of the heart]]<br />
<br />
[[Endocardium, valves and cardiac skeleton (draw skeleton scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Heart chambers and valves - structure, arrangement; valve function during systole and diastole]]<br />
<br />
[[Conducting system of the heart- structure and function]]<br />
<br />
[[Coronary arteries, veins and nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Heart location and projection, X-ray (draw scheme of radiogram), auscultation heart points]]<br />
<br />
[[Epicardium and pericardium - structure, relation to the surrounding organs, pericardial reflections around the roots of the great vessels]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Vascular system – Arteries ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta (pattern, topographic relation, branches)]]<br />
<br />
[[Common carotid artery, internal carotid artery - branches supplying brain]]<br />
<br />
[[External carotid artery - course, branches]]<br />
<br />
[[Subclavian artery - course, branches]]<br />
<br />
[[Arteries of upper extremity - position, branches]]<br />
<br />
[[Abdominal aorta - position, topographic relations, parietal branches]]<br />
<br />
[[Abdominal aorta - visceral branches]]<br />
<br />
[[External iliac artery and internal iliac artery]]<br />
<br />
[[Arteries of lower extremity - position, branches]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Vascular system - Veins ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Superior vena cava, brachiocephalic veins, jugular veins]]<br />
<br />
[[Internal jugular vein - course and tributaries]]<br />
<br />
[[Cranial veins, sinus durae matris, cerebral veins]]<br />
<br />
[[Inferior vena cava - course and tributaries, cavocaval anastomoses]]<br />
<br />
[[Azygos and hemiazygos veins, vertebral venous plexuses]]<br />
<br />
[[Portal vein - tributaries, portocaval anastomosis]]<br />
<br />
[[Superficial and deep veins of lower and upper extremities]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Lymphatic system ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Thymus - structure, position and syntopy, function]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph node, lymph tissue in the organs, main lymphatic trunks]]<br />
<br />
[[Spleen – structure, position, syntopy, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph vessels and regional nodes of the head and neck]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph drainage of lungs and lung lymph nodes]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph nodes and collectors of the stomach, liver and pancreas]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph nodes and collectors of the intestines and testicle]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph drainage and regional lymph nodes of vagina, uterus and ovary]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph nodes and collectors of upper and lower limbs]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Central nervous system - CNS ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Spinal cord – description, cross section (draw scheme), gray matter, white matter, pathways]]<br />
<br />
[[Gray matter and white matter of the medulla oblongata and the pons (draw cross sections)]]<br />
<br />
[[Floor of the rhomboid fossa and cranial nerve nuclei (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Midbrain (mesencephalon), white and gray matter (draw cross section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Reticular formation, its connections and function]]<br />
<br />
[[Cerebellum – subdivision, structure of the cortex, nuclei]]<br />
<br />
[[Afferent connections of cerebellum]]<br />
<br />
[[Intrinsic and efferent connections of cerebellum, function]]<br />
<br />
[[Thalamus – description, nuclei]]<br />
<br />
[[Thalamus – afferent and efferent connections of main nuclei]]<br />
<br />
[[Hypothalamus]]<br />
<br />
[[Subthalamus - nc. subthalamicus, relations to basal ganglia]]<br />
<br />
[[Hypophysis, hypothalamohypophysial system]]<br />
<br />
[[Striatopallidal complex – structure and connections]]<br />
<br />
[[Efferent connections of the striatum and pallidum]]<br />
<br />
[[Circuit of the basal ganglia]]<br />
<br />
[[Functional cortical motor and praemotor areas]]<br />
<br />
[[Sensory cortical areas]]<br />
<br />
[[Hemisphere white matter – association and commissural fibers, internal capsule (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Ventricular system of the brain (draw scheme), circulation of liquor]]<br />
<br />
[[Brain and spinal cord meninges, liquor, lumbar puncture]]<br />
<br />
[[Blood vessels of the brain]]<br />
<br />
[[Blood vessels of the spinal cord]]<br />
<br />
[[Medial lemniscal system of sensory tracts, proprioceptive and tactile sensation]]<br />
<br />
[[Anterolateral system of sensitive spinal tracts - spinothalamic, spinoreticular and spinotectal tracts, pain pathways]]<br />
<br />
[[Trigeminal nuclei and their central projections]]<br />
<br />
[[Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract, corticonuclear fibres]]<br />
<br />
[[Motor fibre systems of the spinal cord (medial, lateral and third system)]]<br />
<br />
[[Auditory pathway]]<br />
<br />
[[Visual pathway]]<br />
<br />
[[Olfactory and gustatory apparatus and their central projections]]<br />
<br />
[[Complex of amygdalar nuclei, connections and functions]]<br />
<br />
[[Hippocampal formation, connections and functions (Papez circuit)]]<br />
<br />
[[Major neurotransmitters systems of the brain]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Peripheral nervous system - PNS ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[General structure of the spinal nerve and its main branching (draw scheme), cauda equina]]<br />
<br />
[[Cervical plexus, supraclavicular portion of brachial plexus]]<br />
<br />
[[Infraclavicular portion of brachial plexus (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Radial and axillary nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Median and ulnar nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Skin and motor innervation of head and neck]]<br />
<br />
[[Overview of muscular and skin innervation of the upper limb]]<br />
<br />
[[Survey of lumbar plexus]]<br />
<br />
[[Femoral nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Sacral plexus]]<br />
<br />
[[Sciatic nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Overview of muscular and skin innervation of the lower limb]]<br />
<br />
[[First and second branch of trigeminal nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Third branch of trigeminal nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Facial nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Vestibulocochlear nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Glossopharyngeal nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Vagus nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Accessory and hypoglossal nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[General structure of the autonomic nervous system]]<br />
<br />
[[Cranial and pelvic part parasympathetic system]]<br />
<br />
[[Cervical and thoracic sympathetic system]]<br />
<br />
[[Abdominal and pelvic plexuses and ganglia of autonomic system]]<br />
<br />
[[Enteric system]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Sensory organs, skin ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Eyball (draw scheme), eyball chambers and circulation of aqueus fluid]]<br />
<br />
[[Cornea, sclera, vitreous humor]]<br />
<br />
[[Choroidea, iris, cilliary body, pupillary reflex]]<br />
<br />
[[Lens-structure and fixation, accommodation]]<br />
<br />
[[Retina]]<br />
<br />
[[Blood vessels and nerves of eyball (draw scheme of reflected image of eye fundus), corneal reflex]]<br />
<br />
[[Eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus]]<br />
<br />
[[Extrinsic muscles of the eyeball]]<br />
<br />
[[External acustic meatus and tympanic membrane (draw otoscopic view)]]<br />
<br />
[[Tympanic cavity, auditory ossicles, auditory tube]]<br />
<br />
[[Bone and membrane labyrinths (draw cross section of bony cochlea and the cochlear duct)]]<br />
<br />
[[Skin-structure and appendages]]<br />
<br />
[[Mamma-description and structure, blood and nerve supply, lymph drainage]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Endocrine glands ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Thyroid and parathyroid glands- structure, syntopy, blood supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Suprarenal gland- structure, syntopy (scheme), blood supply and innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Hypophysis- structure, syntopy, blood supply]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Regional Anatomy ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Layers of the scalp, frontal and temporal regions]]<br />
<br />
[[Superficial regions of the face]]<br />
<br />
[[Infratemporal fossa]] and [[parapharyngeal space]]<br />
<br />
[[External and internal cranial base - openings for vessels and nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Submandibular triangle, the carotid triangle (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Lateral neck region, the scalenic fissure]]<br />
<br />
[[Axillary region – boundaries, content]]<br />
<br />
[[Anterior and posterior region of arm (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Cubital fossa]]<br />
<br />
[[Anterior region of forearm]]<br />
<br />
[[Topographic anatomy of the hand and fingers]]<br />
<br />
[[Gluteal region]]<br />
<br />
[[Subinguinal region, iliopectineal fossa, femoral triangle]]<br />
<br />
[[The popliteal fossa, adductor canal]]<br />
<br />
[[Anterior and posterior region of the leg (draw transverse sections)]]<br />
<br />
[[The retromalleolar regions]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of the foot (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Mediastinum – division, borders (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Thoracic wall (draw section through the intercostal space)]]<br />
<br />
[[Projection of borders of heart, lungs and pleura on thorax]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of the anterior abdominal wall, vagina of the rectus muscles (draw transverse sections), vascular supply and innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Projection of the abdominal organs on abdominal wall]]<br />
<br />
[[Inguinal region, inguinal canal, hernias]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of supramesocolic part of peritoneal cavity (transverse section through lesser sac)]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of duodenum and pancreas]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of inframesocolic part of peritoneal cavity]]<br />
<br />
[[Retroperitoneal space, topography of its organs and main vessels]]<br />
<br />
[[Topographic anatomy of the male pelvis (draw sagittal section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Topographic anatomy of the female pelvis (draw sagittal section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Pelvic floor, ischioanal fossa (draw frontal section), perineal region]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of the vertebral canal, lumbar puncture]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Portal:Questions_for_final_examination_in_anatomy_(1._LF_UK,_GM)&diff=1134
Portal:Questions for final examination in anatomy (1. LF UK, GM)
2009-06-03T19:29:31Z
<p>Valtameri: /* The Gastrointestinal tract */ fix</p>
<hr />
<div>== Skeleton and its connections ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Structure and types of bones, their vessels and nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Ossification, remodeling and growth of the bone]]<br />
<br />
[[Connection of bones, structures and types of joints]]<br />
<br />
[[The osseous nasal cavity, relations to neighboring structures]]<br />
<br />
[[Bony orbit - walls, relation to neighboring structures, passages]]<br />
<br />
[[Skull as a complex, skull of neonate]]<br />
<br />
[[Vertebral column, connections, curvatures and motility]]<br />
<br />
[[Craniovertebral connections]]<br />
<br />
[[Bones of the thorax, connections, motility of the ribs]]<br />
<br />
[[Temporomandibular joint - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Shoulder joint - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Elbow joint - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Bones of the hand and foot including X-ray images]]<br />
<br />
[[Joints of the hand - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Bony pelvis as a complex, connections, passages, diameters, planes, sexual differences]]<br />
<br />
[[Hip joint - structure, movements, congenital luxation]]<br />
<br />
[[Knee joint - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Talocrural and subtalar joints - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Plantar arches and their support]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Muscles ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[General features of striated muscle, its auxiliary structures, motor end plate, motor unit, muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organ]] <br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the head]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the neck - suprahyoid, infrahyoid, scalene, prevertebral (draw transversal section of the neck)]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of thorax (intercostal, extrinsic, diaphragm)]]<br />
<br />
[[The diaphragm - structure, openings, position and function, innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles of the abdominal wall, their function, fascias]]<br />
<br />
[[Inguinal canal – walls, rings (draw scheme), inguinal hernias]]<br />
<br />
[[Pelvic floor - pelvic and urogenital diaphragm, ischioanal fossa, fascias]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of back (extrinsic and intrinsic)]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles, fascias and spaces of the shoulder girdle]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the arm (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the forearm]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the hand (draw transverse section), tendon sheaths]]<br />
<br />
[[Dorsal and ventral muscles of the hip, fascias of the hip]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the thigh, femoral triangle, the popliteal fossa]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the leg (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles of the foot, fascias (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== The Gastrointestinal tract ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Structure of the teeth, fixation, innervation and blood supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Primary and permanent dentition formula, eruption, types of occlusion]]<br />
<br />
[[Tongue – description, intra and extraglossal muscles, vessels, nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Soft and hard palate, muscles (draw scheme), vessels, nerves, isthmus of fauces]]<br />
<br />
[[Salivary glands - description, syntopy, innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Pharynx – description, divisions, muscles, syntopy, vascular supply, innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Tonsills (nasal, palatine and lingual, Waldeyer circle)]]<br />
<br />
[[Oesophagus – description, divisions, syntopy]]<br />
<br />
[[Stomach – description, shape, position, syntopy, projection on the body surface]]<br />
<br />
[[Stomach – the structure of the wall, divisions, innnervation, vessels, lymphatic drainage]]<br />
<br />
[[Small intestine – structure, divisions, vessels, lymphatic drainage]]<br />
<br />
[[The duodenum – divisions, syntopy (draw scheme), relations to the peritoneum, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[The large intestine – divisions, syntopy (draw scheme), relations to the peritoneum, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Pancreas|Pancreas – description, syntopy]], [[surgical approaches to pancreas]], [[Langerhans islets]]<br />
<br />
[[Liver – description (draw scheme of the visceral surface), segments, syntopy]]<br />
<br />
[[Liver - structure, nutritional and portal vascular bed, intrahepatic bile ducts]]<br />
<br />
[[Extrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, divisions, syntopy (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Rectum and anal canal - description, divisions, syntopy (draw frontal and sagittal sections), vascular supply, sphincters and their innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Peritoneum - parietal and visceral, greater and lesser omentum, mesentery]]<br />
<br />
[[Lesser sac - walls, recesses (draw sagittal section)]]<br />
<br />
== Respiratory system ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Nose and nasal cavity, choanae, vascular and nerve supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Paranasal sinuses - description and topographic relations]]<br />
<br />
[[Larynx - cartilagines, joints, ligaments, muscles (draw frontal section of the larynx)]]<br />
<br />
[[Larynx – position and topographic relations, vascular and nerve supply, (draw laryngoscopic view of inlet)]]<br />
<br />
[[Trachea – description, topographic relations, (draw scheme), tracheotomy]]<br />
<br />
[[Bronchi – bronchial tree, lobar and segmental bronchi]]<br />
<br />
[[Lungs – surfaces and relations, lobes and bronchopulmonary segments]]<br />
<br />
[[Lungs – structure of respiratory part of the lung]]<br />
<br />
[[Lungs – borders of the lungs, hilum, vascular and nerve supply, lymphatics, lymph nodes]]<br />
<br />
[[Pleura – visceral and parietal, borders of the pleura, pleural dome and recesses (draw scheme), innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Mechanics of respiration, pneumothorax]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Urinary and reproductive system ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Kidney – description, syntopy (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Structure of kidney – cortex, medulla, envelopes]]<br />
<br />
[[Blood vessels of the kidney, renal segments]]<br />
<br />
[[Renal pelvis, calices, ureter – description and syntopy]]<br />
<br />
[[Urinary bladder - structure, position and topographic relation in male and female (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Male and female urethra – description, divisions]]<br />
<br />
[[Testis and epididymis – description]]<br />
<br />
[[Scrotum and coverings of testis, descent of testis]]<br />
<br />
[[Vas deferens, seminal vesicles, spermatic cord]]<br />
<br />
[[Prostate, structure, topographic relations, prostatic urethra, ejaculatory ducts]]<br />
<br />
[[Penis – structure (draw cross-section), vascular and nerve supply, mechanism of errection]]<br />
<br />
[[Ovary - structure, function, position, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Uterine (Fallopian) tube - structure, divisions, position, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Uterus – shape and divisions, structure of the wall, vascular supply, lymphatics]]<br />
<br />
[[Uterus – position, size and fixation (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Broad ligament of the uterus]]<br />
<br />
[[Vagina – description and topographic relations (draw uterus and vagina in sagittal section), External female genital organs]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Heart ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Heart description, prenatal and postnatal circulation]]<br />
<br />
[[Structure of heart wall and arrangement of the myocardium in the ventricles and atria (draw section through ventricles), skeleton of the heart]]<br />
<br />
[[Endocardium, valves and cardiac skeleton (draw skeleton scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Heart chambers and valves - structure, arrangement; valve function during systole and diastole]]<br />
<br />
[[Conducting system of the heart- structure and function]]<br />
<br />
[[Coronary arteries, veins and nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Heart location and projection, X-ray (draw scheme of radiogram), auscultation heart points]]<br />
<br />
[[Epicardium and pericardium - structure, relation to the surrounding organs, pericardial reflections around the roots of the great vessels]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Vascular system – Arteries ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta (pattern, topographic relation, branches)]]<br />
<br />
[[Common carotid artery, internal carotid artery - branches supplying brain]]<br />
<br />
[[External carotid artery - course, branches]]<br />
<br />
[[Subclavian artery - course, branches]]<br />
<br />
[[Arteries of upper extremity - position, branches]]<br />
<br />
[[Abdominal aorta - position, topographic relations, parietal branches]]<br />
<br />
[[Abdominal aorta - visceral branches]]<br />
<br />
[[External iliac artery and internal iliac artery]]<br />
<br />
[[Arteries of lower extremity - position, branches]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Vascular system - Veins ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Superior vena cava, brachiocephalic veins, jugular veins]]<br />
<br />
[[Internal jugular vein - course and tributaries]]<br />
<br />
[[Cranial veins, sinus durae matris, cerebral veins]]<br />
<br />
[[Inferior vena cava - course and tributaries, cavocaval anastomoses]]<br />
<br />
[[Azygos and hemiazygos veins, vertebral venous plexuses]]<br />
<br />
[[Portal vein - tributaries, portocaval anastomosis]]<br />
<br />
[[Superficial and deep veins of lower and upper extremities]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Lymphatic system ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Thymus - structure, position and syntopy, function]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph node, lymph tissue in the organs, main lymphatic trunks]]<br />
<br />
[[Spleen – structure, position, syntopy, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph vessels and regional nodes of the head and neck]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph drainage of lungs and lung lymph nodes]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph nodes and collectors of the stomach, liver and pancreas]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph nodes and collectors of the intestines and testicle]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph drainage and regional lymph nodes of vagina, uterus and ovary]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph nodes and collectors of upper and lower limbs]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Central nervous system - CNS ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Spinal cord – description, cross section (draw scheme), gray matter, white matter, pathways]]<br />
<br />
[[Gray matter and white matter of the medulla oblongata and the pons (draw cross sections)]]<br />
<br />
[[Floor of the rhomboid fossa and cranial nerve nuclei (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Midbrain (mesencephalon), white and gray matter (draw cross section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Reticular formation, its connections and function]]<br />
<br />
[[Cerebellum – subdivision, structure of the cortex, nuclei]]<br />
<br />
[[Afferent connections of cerebellum]]<br />
<br />
[[Intrinsic and efferent connections of cerebellum, function]]<br />
<br />
[[Thalamus – description, nuclei]]<br />
<br />
[[Thalamus – afferent and efferent connections of main nuclei]]<br />
<br />
[[Hypothalamus]]<br />
<br />
[[Subthalamus - nc. subthalamicus, relations to basal ganglia]]<br />
<br />
[[Hypophysis, hypothalamohypophysial system]]<br />
<br />
[[Striatopallidal complex – structure and connections]]<br />
<br />
[[Efferent connections of the striatum and pallidum]]<br />
<br />
[[Circuit of the basal ganglia]]<br />
<br />
[[Functional cortical motor and praemotor areas]]<br />
<br />
[[Sensory cortical areas]]<br />
<br />
[[Hemisphere white matter – association and commissural fibers, internal capsule (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Ventricular system of the brain (draw scheme), circulation of liquor]]<br />
<br />
[[Brain and spinal cord meninges, liquor, lumbar puncture]]<br />
<br />
[[Blood vessels of the brain]]<br />
<br />
[[Blood vessels of the spinal cord]]<br />
<br />
[[Medial lemniscal system of sensory tracts, proprioceptive and tactile sensation]]<br />
<br />
[[Anterolateral system of sensitive spinal tracts - spinothalamic, spinoreticular and spinotectal tracts, pain pathways]]<br />
<br />
[[Trigeminal nuclei and their central projections]]<br />
<br />
[[Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract, corticonuclear fibres]]<br />
<br />
[[Motor fibre systems of the spinal cord (medial, lateral and third system)]]<br />
<br />
[[Auditory pathway]]<br />
<br />
[[Visual pathway]]<br />
<br />
[[Olfactory and gustatory apparatus and their central projections]]<br />
<br />
[[Complex of amygdalar nuclei, connections and functions]]<br />
<br />
[[Hippocampal formation, connections and functions (Papez circuit)]]<br />
<br />
[[Major neurotransmitters systems of the brain]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Peripheral nervous system - PNS ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[General structure of the spinal nerve and its main branching (draw scheme), cauda equina]]<br />
<br />
[[Cervical plexus, supraclavicular portion of brachial plexus]]<br />
<br />
[[Infraclavicular portion of brachial plexus (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Radial and axillary nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Median and ulnar nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Skin and motor innervation of head and neck]]<br />
<br />
[[Overview of muscular and skin innervation of the upper limb]]<br />
<br />
[[Survey of lumbar plexus]]<br />
<br />
[[Femoral nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Sacral plexus]]<br />
<br />
[[Sciatic nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Overview of muscular and skin innervation of the lower limb]]<br />
<br />
[[First and second branch of trigeminal nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Third branch of trigeminal nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Facial nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Vestibulocochlear nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Glossopharyngeal nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Vagus nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Accessory and hypoglossal nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[General structure of the autonomic nervous system]]<br />
<br />
[[Cranial and pelvic part parasympathetic system]]<br />
<br />
[[Cervical and thoracic sympathetic system]]<br />
<br />
[[Abdominal and pelvic plexuses and ganglia of autonomic system]]<br />
<br />
[[Enteric system]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Sensory organs, skin ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Eyball (draw scheme), eyball chambers and circulation of aqueus fluid]]<br />
<br />
[[Cornea, sclera, vitreous humor]]<br />
<br />
[[Choroidea, iris, cilliary body, pupillary reflex]]<br />
<br />
[[Lens-structure and fixation, accommodation]]<br />
<br />
[[Retina]]<br />
<br />
[[Blood vessels and nerves of eyball (draw scheme of reflected image of eye fundus), corneal reflex]]<br />
<br />
[[Eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus]]<br />
<br />
[[Extrinsic muscles of the eyeball]]<br />
<br />
[[External acustic meatus and tympanic membrane (draw otoscopic view)]]<br />
<br />
[[Tympanic cavity, auditory ossicles, auditory tube]]<br />
<br />
[[Bone and membrane labyrinths (draw cross section of bony cochlea and the cochlear duct)]]<br />
<br />
[[Skin-structure and appendages]]<br />
<br />
[[Mamma-description and structure, blood and nerve supply, lymph drainage]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Endocrine glands ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Thyroid and parathyroid glands- structure, syntopy, blood supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Suprarenal gland- structure, syntopy (scheme), blood supply and innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Hypophysis- structure, syntopy, blood supply]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Regional Anatomy ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Layers of the scalp, frontal and temporal regions]]<br />
<br />
[[Superficial regions of the face]]<br />
<br />
[[Infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossa]]<br />
<br />
[[External and internal cranial base - openings for vessels and nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Submandibular triangle, the carotid triangle (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Lateral neck region, the scalenic fissure]]<br />
<br />
[[Axillary region – boundaries, content]]<br />
<br />
[[Anterior and posterior region of arm (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Cubital fossa]]<br />
<br />
[[Anterior region of forearm]]<br />
<br />
[[Topographic anatomy of the hand and fingers]]<br />
<br />
[[Gluteal region]]<br />
<br />
[[Subinguinal region, iliopectineal fossa, femoral triangle]]<br />
<br />
[[The popliteal fossa, adductor canal]]<br />
<br />
[[Anterior and posterior region of the leg (draw transverse sections)]]<br />
<br />
[[The retromalleolar regions]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of the foot (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Mediastinum – division, borders (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Thoracic wall (draw section through the intercostal space)]]<br />
<br />
[[Projection of borders of heart, lungs and pleura on thorax]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of the anterior abdominal wall, vagina of the rectus muscles (draw transverse sections), vascular supply and innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Projection of the abdominal organs on abdominal wall]]<br />
<br />
[[Inguinal region, inguinal canal, hernias]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of supramesocolic part of peritoneal cavity (transverse section through lesser sac)]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of duodenum and pancreas]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of inframesocolic part of peritoneal cavity]]<br />
<br />
[[Retroperitoneal space, topography of its organs and main vessels]]<br />
<br />
[[Topographic anatomy of the male pelvis (draw sagittal section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Topographic anatomy of the female pelvis (draw sagittal section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Pelvic floor, ischioanal fossa (draw frontal section), perineal region]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of the vertebral canal, lumbar puncture]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Portal:Questions_for_final_examination_in_anatomy_(1._LF_UK,_GM)&diff=1133
Portal:Questions for final examination in anatomy (1. LF UK, GM)
2009-06-03T19:29:04Z
<p>Valtameri: /* The Gastrointestinal tract */ link</p>
<hr />
<div>== Skeleton and its connections ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Structure and types of bones, their vessels and nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Ossification, remodeling and growth of the bone]]<br />
<br />
[[Connection of bones, structures and types of joints]]<br />
<br />
[[The osseous nasal cavity, relations to neighboring structures]]<br />
<br />
[[Bony orbit - walls, relation to neighboring structures, passages]]<br />
<br />
[[Skull as a complex, skull of neonate]]<br />
<br />
[[Vertebral column, connections, curvatures and motility]]<br />
<br />
[[Craniovertebral connections]]<br />
<br />
[[Bones of the thorax, connections, motility of the ribs]]<br />
<br />
[[Temporomandibular joint - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Shoulder joint - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Elbow joint - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Bones of the hand and foot including X-ray images]]<br />
<br />
[[Joints of the hand - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Bony pelvis as a complex, connections, passages, diameters, planes, sexual differences]]<br />
<br />
[[Hip joint - structure, movements, congenital luxation]]<br />
<br />
[[Knee joint - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Talocrural and subtalar joints - structure, movements]]<br />
<br />
[[Plantar arches and their support]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Muscles ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[General features of striated muscle, its auxiliary structures, motor end plate, motor unit, muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organ]] <br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the head]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the neck - suprahyoid, infrahyoid, scalene, prevertebral (draw transversal section of the neck)]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of thorax (intercostal, extrinsic, diaphragm)]]<br />
<br />
[[The diaphragm - structure, openings, position and function, innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles of the abdominal wall, their function, fascias]]<br />
<br />
[[Inguinal canal – walls, rings (draw scheme), inguinal hernias]]<br />
<br />
[[Pelvic floor - pelvic and urogenital diaphragm, ischioanal fossa, fascias]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of back (extrinsic and intrinsic)]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles, fascias and spaces of the shoulder girdle]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the arm (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the forearm]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the hand (draw transverse section), tendon sheaths]]<br />
<br />
[[Dorsal and ventral muscles of the hip, fascias of the hip]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the thigh, femoral triangle, the popliteal fossa]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles and fascias of the leg (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Muscles of the foot, fascias (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== The Gastrointestinal tract ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Structure of the teeth, fixation, innervation and blood supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Primary and permanent dentition formula, eruption, types of occlusion]]<br />
<br />
[[Tongue – description, intra and extraglossal muscles, vessels, nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Soft and hard palate, muscles (draw scheme), vessels, nerves, isthmus of fauces]]<br />
<br />
[[Salivary glands - description, syntopy, innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Pharynx – description, divisions, muscles, syntopy, vascular supply, innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Tonsills (nasal, palatine and lingual, Waldeyer circle)]]<br />
<br />
[[Oesophagus – description, divisions, syntopy]]<br />
<br />
[[Stomach – description, shape, position, syntopy, projection on the body surface]]<br />
<br />
[[Stomach – the structure of the wall, divisions, innnervation, vessels, lymphatic drainage]]<br />
<br />
[[Small intestine – structure, divisions, vessels, lymphatic drainage]]<br />
<br />
[[The duodenum – divisions, syntopy (draw scheme), relations to the peritoneum, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[The large intestine – divisions, syntopy (draw scheme), relations to the peritoneum, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Pancreas – description, syntopy, [[surgical approaches to pancreas]], [[Langerhans islets]]<br />
<br />
[[Liver – description (draw scheme of the visceral surface), segments, syntopy]]<br />
<br />
[[Liver - structure, nutritional and portal vascular bed, intrahepatic bile ducts]]<br />
<br />
[[Extrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, divisions, syntopy (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Rectum and anal canal - description, divisions, syntopy (draw frontal and sagittal sections), vascular supply, sphincters and their innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Peritoneum - parietal and visceral, greater and lesser omentum, mesentery]]<br />
<br />
[[Lesser sac - walls, recesses (draw sagittal section)]]<br />
<br />
== Respiratory system ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Nose and nasal cavity, choanae, vascular and nerve supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Paranasal sinuses - description and topographic relations]]<br />
<br />
[[Larynx - cartilagines, joints, ligaments, muscles (draw frontal section of the larynx)]]<br />
<br />
[[Larynx – position and topographic relations, vascular and nerve supply, (draw laryngoscopic view of inlet)]]<br />
<br />
[[Trachea – description, topographic relations, (draw scheme), tracheotomy]]<br />
<br />
[[Bronchi – bronchial tree, lobar and segmental bronchi]]<br />
<br />
[[Lungs – surfaces and relations, lobes and bronchopulmonary segments]]<br />
<br />
[[Lungs – structure of respiratory part of the lung]]<br />
<br />
[[Lungs – borders of the lungs, hilum, vascular and nerve supply, lymphatics, lymph nodes]]<br />
<br />
[[Pleura – visceral and parietal, borders of the pleura, pleural dome and recesses (draw scheme), innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Mechanics of respiration, pneumothorax]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Urinary and reproductive system ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Kidney – description, syntopy (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Structure of kidney – cortex, medulla, envelopes]]<br />
<br />
[[Blood vessels of the kidney, renal segments]]<br />
<br />
[[Renal pelvis, calices, ureter – description and syntopy]]<br />
<br />
[[Urinary bladder - structure, position and topographic relation in male and female (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Male and female urethra – description, divisions]]<br />
<br />
[[Testis and epididymis – description]]<br />
<br />
[[Scrotum and coverings of testis, descent of testis]]<br />
<br />
[[Vas deferens, seminal vesicles, spermatic cord]]<br />
<br />
[[Prostate, structure, topographic relations, prostatic urethra, ejaculatory ducts]]<br />
<br />
[[Penis – structure (draw cross-section), vascular and nerve supply, mechanism of errection]]<br />
<br />
[[Ovary - structure, function, position, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Uterine (Fallopian) tube - structure, divisions, position, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Uterus – shape and divisions, structure of the wall, vascular supply, lymphatics]]<br />
<br />
[[Uterus – position, size and fixation (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Broad ligament of the uterus]]<br />
<br />
[[Vagina – description and topographic relations (draw uterus and vagina in sagittal section), External female genital organs]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Heart ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Heart description, prenatal and postnatal circulation]]<br />
<br />
[[Structure of heart wall and arrangement of the myocardium in the ventricles and atria (draw section through ventricles), skeleton of the heart]]<br />
<br />
[[Endocardium, valves and cardiac skeleton (draw skeleton scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Heart chambers and valves - structure, arrangement; valve function during systole and diastole]]<br />
<br />
[[Conducting system of the heart- structure and function]]<br />
<br />
[[Coronary arteries, veins and nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Heart location and projection, X-ray (draw scheme of radiogram), auscultation heart points]]<br />
<br />
[[Epicardium and pericardium - structure, relation to the surrounding organs, pericardial reflections around the roots of the great vessels]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Vascular system – Arteries ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta (pattern, topographic relation, branches)]]<br />
<br />
[[Common carotid artery, internal carotid artery - branches supplying brain]]<br />
<br />
[[External carotid artery - course, branches]]<br />
<br />
[[Subclavian artery - course, branches]]<br />
<br />
[[Arteries of upper extremity - position, branches]]<br />
<br />
[[Abdominal aorta - position, topographic relations, parietal branches]]<br />
<br />
[[Abdominal aorta - visceral branches]]<br />
<br />
[[External iliac artery and internal iliac artery]]<br />
<br />
[[Arteries of lower extremity - position, branches]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Vascular system - Veins ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Superior vena cava, brachiocephalic veins, jugular veins]]<br />
<br />
[[Internal jugular vein - course and tributaries]]<br />
<br />
[[Cranial veins, sinus durae matris, cerebral veins]]<br />
<br />
[[Inferior vena cava - course and tributaries, cavocaval anastomoses]]<br />
<br />
[[Azygos and hemiazygos veins, vertebral venous plexuses]]<br />
<br />
[[Portal vein - tributaries, portocaval anastomosis]]<br />
<br />
[[Superficial and deep veins of lower and upper extremities]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Lymphatic system ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Thymus - structure, position and syntopy, function]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph node, lymph tissue in the organs, main lymphatic trunks]]<br />
<br />
[[Spleen – structure, position, syntopy, vascular supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph vessels and regional nodes of the head and neck]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph drainage of lungs and lung lymph nodes]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph nodes and collectors of the stomach, liver and pancreas]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph nodes and collectors of the intestines and testicle]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph drainage and regional lymph nodes of vagina, uterus and ovary]]<br />
<br />
[[Lymph nodes and collectors of upper and lower limbs]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Central nervous system - CNS ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Spinal cord – description, cross section (draw scheme), gray matter, white matter, pathways]]<br />
<br />
[[Gray matter and white matter of the medulla oblongata and the pons (draw cross sections)]]<br />
<br />
[[Floor of the rhomboid fossa and cranial nerve nuclei (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Midbrain (mesencephalon), white and gray matter (draw cross section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Reticular formation, its connections and function]]<br />
<br />
[[Cerebellum – subdivision, structure of the cortex, nuclei]]<br />
<br />
[[Afferent connections of cerebellum]]<br />
<br />
[[Intrinsic and efferent connections of cerebellum, function]]<br />
<br />
[[Thalamus – description, nuclei]]<br />
<br />
[[Thalamus – afferent and efferent connections of main nuclei]]<br />
<br />
[[Hypothalamus]]<br />
<br />
[[Subthalamus - nc. subthalamicus, relations to basal ganglia]]<br />
<br />
[[Hypophysis, hypothalamohypophysial system]]<br />
<br />
[[Striatopallidal complex – structure and connections]]<br />
<br />
[[Efferent connections of the striatum and pallidum]]<br />
<br />
[[Circuit of the basal ganglia]]<br />
<br />
[[Functional cortical motor and praemotor areas]]<br />
<br />
[[Sensory cortical areas]]<br />
<br />
[[Hemisphere white matter – association and commissural fibers, internal capsule (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Ventricular system of the brain (draw scheme), circulation of liquor]]<br />
<br />
[[Brain and spinal cord meninges, liquor, lumbar puncture]]<br />
<br />
[[Blood vessels of the brain]]<br />
<br />
[[Blood vessels of the spinal cord]]<br />
<br />
[[Medial lemniscal system of sensory tracts, proprioceptive and tactile sensation]]<br />
<br />
[[Anterolateral system of sensitive spinal tracts - spinothalamic, spinoreticular and spinotectal tracts, pain pathways]]<br />
<br />
[[Trigeminal nuclei and their central projections]]<br />
<br />
[[Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract, corticonuclear fibres]]<br />
<br />
[[Motor fibre systems of the spinal cord (medial, lateral and third system)]]<br />
<br />
[[Auditory pathway]]<br />
<br />
[[Visual pathway]]<br />
<br />
[[Olfactory and gustatory apparatus and their central projections]]<br />
<br />
[[Complex of amygdalar nuclei, connections and functions]]<br />
<br />
[[Hippocampal formation, connections and functions (Papez circuit)]]<br />
<br />
[[Major neurotransmitters systems of the brain]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Peripheral nervous system - PNS ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[General structure of the spinal nerve and its main branching (draw scheme), cauda equina]]<br />
<br />
[[Cervical plexus, supraclavicular portion of brachial plexus]]<br />
<br />
[[Infraclavicular portion of brachial plexus (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Radial and axillary nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Median and ulnar nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Skin and motor innervation of head and neck]]<br />
<br />
[[Overview of muscular and skin innervation of the upper limb]]<br />
<br />
[[Survey of lumbar plexus]]<br />
<br />
[[Femoral nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Sacral plexus]]<br />
<br />
[[Sciatic nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Overview of muscular and skin innervation of the lower limb]]<br />
<br />
[[First and second branch of trigeminal nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Third branch of trigeminal nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Facial nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Vestibulocochlear nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Glossopharyngeal nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Vagus nerve]]<br />
<br />
[[Accessory and hypoglossal nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[General structure of the autonomic nervous system]]<br />
<br />
[[Cranial and pelvic part parasympathetic system]]<br />
<br />
[[Cervical and thoracic sympathetic system]]<br />
<br />
[[Abdominal and pelvic plexuses and ganglia of autonomic system]]<br />
<br />
[[Enteric system]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Sensory organs, skin ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Eyball (draw scheme), eyball chambers and circulation of aqueus fluid]]<br />
<br />
[[Cornea, sclera, vitreous humor]]<br />
<br />
[[Choroidea, iris, cilliary body, pupillary reflex]]<br />
<br />
[[Lens-structure and fixation, accommodation]]<br />
<br />
[[Retina]]<br />
<br />
[[Blood vessels and nerves of eyball (draw scheme of reflected image of eye fundus), corneal reflex]]<br />
<br />
[[Eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus]]<br />
<br />
[[Extrinsic muscles of the eyeball]]<br />
<br />
[[External acustic meatus and tympanic membrane (draw otoscopic view)]]<br />
<br />
[[Tympanic cavity, auditory ossicles, auditory tube]]<br />
<br />
[[Bone and membrane labyrinths (draw cross section of bony cochlea and the cochlear duct)]]<br />
<br />
[[Skin-structure and appendages]]<br />
<br />
[[Mamma-description and structure, blood and nerve supply, lymph drainage]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Endocrine glands ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Thyroid and parathyroid glands- structure, syntopy, blood supply]]<br />
<br />
[[Suprarenal gland- structure, syntopy (scheme), blood supply and innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Hypophysis- structure, syntopy, blood supply]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Regional Anatomy ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Layers of the scalp, frontal and temporal regions]]<br />
<br />
[[Superficial regions of the face]]<br />
<br />
[[Infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossa]]<br />
<br />
[[External and internal cranial base - openings for vessels and nerves]]<br />
<br />
[[Submandibular triangle, the carotid triangle (draw scheme)]]<br />
<br />
[[Lateral neck region, the scalenic fissure]]<br />
<br />
[[Axillary region – boundaries, content]]<br />
<br />
[[Anterior and posterior region of arm (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Cubital fossa]]<br />
<br />
[[Anterior region of forearm]]<br />
<br />
[[Topographic anatomy of the hand and fingers]]<br />
<br />
[[Gluteal region]]<br />
<br />
[[Subinguinal region, iliopectineal fossa, femoral triangle]]<br />
<br />
[[The popliteal fossa, adductor canal]]<br />
<br />
[[Anterior and posterior region of the leg (draw transverse sections)]]<br />
<br />
[[The retromalleolar regions]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of the foot (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Mediastinum – division, borders (draw transverse section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Thoracic wall (draw section through the intercostal space)]]<br />
<br />
[[Projection of borders of heart, lungs and pleura on thorax]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of the anterior abdominal wall, vagina of the rectus muscles (draw transverse sections), vascular supply and innervation]]<br />
<br />
[[Projection of the abdominal organs on abdominal wall]]<br />
<br />
[[Inguinal region, inguinal canal, hernias]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of supramesocolic part of peritoneal cavity (transverse section through lesser sac)]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of duodenum and pancreas]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of inframesocolic part of peritoneal cavity]]<br />
<br />
[[Retroperitoneal space, topography of its organs and main vessels]]<br />
<br />
[[Topographic anatomy of the male pelvis (draw sagittal section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Topographic anatomy of the female pelvis (draw sagittal section)]]<br />
<br />
[[Pelvic floor, ischioanal fossa (draw frontal section), perineal region]]<br />
<br />
[[Topography of the vertebral canal, lumbar puncture]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anatomy]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Category:Urology&diff=1013
Category:Urology
2009-05-17T09:09:01Z
<p>Valtameri: n</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Subjects]]<br />
[[Category:Specialisations]]<br />
[[Category:Surgery]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Category:Physiology&diff=1012
Category:Physiology
2009-05-17T09:08:39Z
<p>Valtameri: n</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Subjects]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Category:Paediatrics&diff=1011
Category:Paediatrics
2009-05-17T09:08:05Z
<p>Valtameri: n</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Subjects]]<br />
[[Category:Specialisations]]<br />
[[Category:Internal Medicine]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Category:Oncology&diff=1010
Category:Oncology
2009-05-17T09:07:45Z
<p>Valtameri: n</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Subjects]]<br />
[[Category:Specialisations]]<br />
[[Category:Internal Medicine]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Category:Neurology&diff=1009
Category:Neurology
2009-05-17T09:07:32Z
<p>Valtameri: n</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Subjects]]<br />
[[Category:Specialisations]]<br />
[[Category:Internal Medicine]]</div>
Valtameri
https://www.wikilectures.eu/index.php?title=Category:Cardiology&diff=1008
Category:Cardiology
2009-05-17T09:07:16Z
<p>Valtameri: + cat</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Subjects]]<br />
[[Category:Specialisations]]<br />
[[Category:Internal Medicine]]</div>
Valtameri