Tumor verification

Verification is confirmationof diagnosis. This is a condition for starting oncological treatment (only very rarely can purely palliative therapy be indicated).

Exfoliative cytology

 * detection of tumor cells in body cavities or on the surface;
 * Doctors obtain them by direct swab (eg on the cervix), or after mechanical irritation, lavage or examination of sediment in the effusion.

Aspiration cytology

 * FNA - fine needle aspiration - using specially designed thin needles;
 * For aspiration doctors indicate - nodes, suspicious outgrowings
 * possibility of sonograph assisted aspiration
 * negative result of cytology cannot be considered final!

Biopsy examination

 * perioperatively, endoscopically, percutaneously
 * obtaining a sufficient amount of tissue for histological examination;

Trepanobiopsy

 * examination of bone marrow taken from a hip bone;
 * informs doctors on the state of hematopoiesis, better reveals lymphoma infiltration than sternal puncture.

Related articles

 * Endoscope
 * Classification of tumors

Used literature

 * VOKURKA, Martin a Jan HUGO, et al. Velký lékařský slovník. 9. vydání. Praha : Maxdorf, c2009.  ISBN 978-80-7345-202-5.

Source

 * BENEŠ, Jiří. Studijní materiály [online]. [cit. 31. 3. 2010]. < http://jirben.wz.cz >.