Actions, behaviour, will and their disorders

Human action directed towards certain goals. It is conditioned by motives and will.
 * Motives
 * conscious stimuli that evoke the satisfaction of needs.
 * Motivation
 * a set of motives for a particular action.
 * Need
 * Lack of something essential.
 * 1) material,
 * 2) intangible.
 * Will
 * awareness and focus of negotiations on a specific goal,
 * a set of acts of will, decision-making, effort and action.

Disorders of Will
Hypobulia Abulia Hyperbulia
 * indecision to start a certain activity.
 * loss of ability to start a certain activity,
 * noticeable in depression,
 * in organic brain disorders, some Neurosis, drugs,
 * hypobulia even at exhaustion – together with apathy ( emotional attenuation ).
 * excessive determination, hyperagility, energy – manic syndrome, after psychostimulants, hyperthymal personalities,
 * mostly fluctuating character.

Quantitative disorders
Hypoagility


 * general impoverishment of activity, exhaustion, depression, intoxication.

Hyperagility


 * increased mental and physical activity.

Agitation


 * on the border of qualitative and quantitative disorders,
 * restless, confused and aimless movement, until anxiety,
 * escalates at ( bedtime ).

Qualitative disorders
Catatonic symptoms


 * primitive psychomotor manifestations – a prototype of a layman's idea of a mentally handicapped person,
 * do not make contact with the environment,
 * there is no disorder of consciousness,


 * 1) productive form – excess facial expressions, bizarre gestures.
 * 2) stuporous form – attenuation of varying degrees; cause psychogenic ( experience, disaster ) or endogenous ( melancholy ).

Catalepsy


 * flexibility ( wax flexibility ) – increased muscle tension,
 * excessive passivity to forced positions, in which it can remain for a long time.
 * schizophrenia

Event of the meeting


 * temporary pledge in the middle of negotiations,
 * no impaired consciousness ( is present, as opposed to the absence of ),
 * schizophrenia.

Negativism


 * resistance to orders and challenges:


 * 1) Passive – patient does not pass the instruction,
 * 2) active – the patient does the exact opposite.

Command automatism


 * by order he is said militarily, he will do as he is told.

Stereotype, iteration


 * mechanical repetition of words (verbigerace) or facial expressions (grimassing).

Mannering


 * performing bizarre movements in various activities ( food, dressing ).

Raptus


 * stormy, explosive behavior,
 * autoaggression and heteroaggression.

Impulsive behavior


 * a sudden uncontrollable urge to act,
 * the victim remembers everything, but does not know why he did it.

Secondary impulse


 * arises by discharging a large voltage,
 * accompanied by a strong Emotion.

Phenoleptic states


 * impulsive behavior – pyromania, kleptomania, …

Short-circuit negotiations


 * leads to the goal in the shortest way – without thinking, sometimes it can be preceded by preparation ( e.g. suicide in an incurable disease),
 * common in children, some suicides out of unhappy love or the removal of an unwanted witness may have the character of a short-circuit act.

Automatisms


 * motor stereotypes that are affected by the will, but reappear as attention decreases,
 * they occur in mentally retarded individuals, in Schizophrenia.

Tics

More detailed information can be found on the page Tics.