Portal:Questions for final examination in Microbiology (1. LF UK, GM)

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

 * 1) Methods to identify bacteria
 * 2) Structure of bacterial cell
 * 3) Bacterial cell wall
 * 4) Difference in cell wall structure of G+ and G- bacteria
 * 5) Capsule and Glycocalix
 * 6) Bacterial spores and process of sporulation
 * 7) Superficial structures of bacterial cell
 * 8) Bacterial metabolism types
 * 9) Growth and multiplication of bacterial populations
 * 10) Bacterial culture, media for differential diagnostics
 * 11) Genetic information in bacterial cells
 * 12) Extrachromosomal genetic information
 * 13) Genetic information transfer in bacteria
 * 14) Disinfection and Sterilisation Techniques
 * 15) Pathogenicity and Virulence of bacteria
 * 16) Bacteria and Environment
 * 17) Bacteria and Humans
 * 18) "Normal" bacterial flora of human body
 * 19) Adherence of bacteria, infection of mucoid membranes
 * 20) Bacterial invasion into tissues and cells
 * 21) Protein bacterial exotoxins
 * 22) Cytolytic toxins
 * 23) Toxins acting inside the host cells
 * 24) Neurotoxins
 * 25) Enterotoxins
 * 26) Bacterial Superantigens
 * 27) Endotoxin - composition and biological effect
 * 28) Bacterial escape of host´s immunity mechanisms (survival)
 * 29) Sepsis and Septic shock
 * 30) Classification of Antimicrobials and their group characterisation
 * 31) Comparison of antibiotics structural characteristics
 * 32) Mechanisms of action of antibiotics
 * 33) Methods to determine effect of antibiotics, bacterial susceptibility
 * 34) Interpretation of bacterial susceptibility test results (Inhibition zones, MIC, MBC)
 * 35) Strategies of antimicrobial therapy
 * 36) Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials
 * 37) Antifungals and antiparasitic drugs
 * 38) Types of Vaccines
 * 39) Active immunisation
 * 40) Passive immunisation
 * 41) Role of cellular immunity in bacterial infections
 * 42) Immunity mechanisms agains extra- and intracellular parasites
 * 43) Phagocytosis, Complement and Immunoglobulins
 * 44) Cutaneous immunity tests, use in ifectology, interpretation
 * 45) Urinary tract pathogens
 * 46) Respiratory tract pathogens
 * 47) Gastrointestinal tract pathogens
 * 48) Infections of CNS
 * 49) Emerging infections
 * 50) Genetic probes and their diagnostic use

SPECIAL BACTERIOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY

 * 1) Treponema pallidum
 * 2) Leptospira interrogans
 * 3) Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzeli and Borrelia recurrentis
 * 4) Staphylococcus aureus
 * 5) Coagulase-negative staphylococci
 * 6) Streptococcus pyogenes
 * 7) Streptococcus agalactiae and other b-group streptococci
 * 8) Streptococcus pneumoniae
 * 9) Other viridising streptococci
 * 10) Enterococci
 * 11) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
 * 12) Neisseria meningitidis
 * 13) Listeria monocytogenes
 * 14) Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus
 * 15) Neurotoxic clostridia
 * 16) Histotoxic clostridia
 * 17) Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile
 * 18) Non-sporulating anaerobic G+ bacteria
 * 19) Pharyngeal neisseria
 * 20) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
 * 21) Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei
 * 22) Prancisella tularensis
 * 23) Brucella
 * 24) Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis
 * 25) Legionella pneumophila
 * 26) Characteristics of G- enteric rods (Enterobacteriaceae)
 * 27) Escherichia coli
 * 28) Salmonella
 * 29) Shigella
 * 30) Yersinia pestis, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
 * 31) Facultatively pathogenic enteric G- rods
 * 32) Vibrio cholerae and other vibrios
 * 33) Campylobacter
 * 34) Helicobacter pylori
 * 35) Haemophilus influenzae
 * 36) Corynebacterium diphteriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans
 * 37) Facultatively pathogenous corynebacteria
 * 38) Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
 * 39) Classification of mycobacteria
 * 40) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
 * 41) Other pathogenous mycobacteria
 * 42) Mycobacterium leprae
 * 43) Actinomycetes and actinomycoses
 * 44) Nocardia
 * 45) Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum
 * 46) Chlamydia and Chlamydophila
 * 47) Rickettsia, Orientia, Bartonella and Ehrlichia
 * 48) Fungal agents in superficial and subcutaneous mycoses
 * 49) Fungal agents in systemic mycoses
 * 50) Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans

VIROLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

 * 1) Structure of viruses
 * 2) Classification of viruses
 * 3) Viral replication
 * 4) Interaction between virus and host cell
 * 5) Principles of defence against viral infections
 * 6) Virus-host interaction (whole organism level)
 * 7) Antiviral therapy and antiviral drugs - mechanisms of action
 * 8) Anti-viral immunisation
 * 9) Diagnostics of viral infections
 * 10) Poxviruses
 * 11) VZV - varicella-zoster virus
 * 12) HSV - virus herpex simplex
 * 13) CMV - cytomegalovirus
 * 14) EBV - Epstein-Barr virus
 * 15) Influenza viruses
 * 16) Parotitis virus
 * 17) Morbillivirus
 * 18) Rubella virus
 * 19) Rabies virus
 * 20) Adenoviruses
 * 21) Rhinoviruses
 * 22) Human Papillomaviruses
 * 23) Flaviviruses
 * 24) TBE - Tick-borne ecephalitis virus and other arthropod-born viruses
 * 25) Coxsackie viruses
 * 26) Enteroviruses - Poliomyelitis viruses
 * 27) Arenaviruses and Filoviruses
 * 28) Hepatitis viruses
 * 29) HBV and HCV - Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus
 * 30) HAV and HEV - Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis E virus
 * 31) Retroviruses
 * 32) HIV - Human Immunodeficiency viruses
 * 33) Viral diarrhoreas
 * 34) Prions and prionic infections
 * 35) Trichomonas vaginalis
 * 36) Trypanosoma gambiensae and Trypanosoma cruzi
 * 37) Leishmania
 * 38) Entamoeba histolytica
 * 39) Naegleria fowleri
 * 40) Toxoplasma gondii
 * 41) Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum
 * 42) Pneumocystis carinii
 * 43) Taeniae (Tapeworms)
 * 44) Enterobius vermicularis
 * 45) Ascaris lumbricoides
 * 46) Trichinella spiralis
 * 47) Toxocara
 * 48) Filariae
 * 49) Nematods
 * 50) Arthropods as vectors of infectious diseases