Agents of Female Genital Infections

In women, a urethral infection usually coincides with a bladder infection. We independently monitor infections of the vulva, vagina and cervix, uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes.

Vulvovaginitis

 * Itching, burning, discharge;
 * previously the disease was classified according to the findings in the VMI (Vaginal Microbial Image), today more according to aetiology.

Viral Vaginosis

 * Herpes genitalis, HSV-2, HSV-1;


 * blisters on the genitals, later pustules;
 * unpleasant benign disease, dangerous in pregnancy;
 * dg: clinical signs, virus culture, PCR;
 * therapy: aciclovir.

Bacterial Vaginosis

 * Common disease, consequence of vaginal dysmicrobia;
 * reduction of the amount of lactobacilli in vaginal secretion, overgrowth of other bacteria, especially anaerobes (bacteroids, eptostreptococci, fusobacteria);


 * Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus;

Aerobic vaginitis - dysmicrobia, aerobic species predominate, especially E. coli, enterobacteria, candidas.
 * dg: Amsel's criteria - typical discharge, positive amine test (fish odor), microbiological examination of discharge - finding altered epithelia covered with bacteria, vaginal pH> 4.5;
 * therapy: metronidazole; untreated vaginosis can result in pelvic inflammation.

Lactobacillosis - pathogenic strains of lactobacilli.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis - predisposition: decompensated DM, immune disorders, corticosteroids, ATB treatment.

Trichomoniasis

 * Trichomonas vaginalis;


 * foaming, yellow-green discharge;
 * dg: vaginal pH, amine test, detection of trichomonas Ag in secretion (ELISA), therapy is necessary even for sexual partners.

Cervicitis

 * N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, HSV, HPV and others;
 * dg: gonococcus - culture, chlamydia - direct diagnostics (chlamydial Ag - ELISA, immunofluorescence methods, PCR).

Uterus infection

 * Mostly as a result of abortion, childbirth, instrumentation;
 * begins as endometritis, further affects the myometrium, parametrium to the small pelvis, sepsis;
 * pyogenic bacteria, often nosocomial strains (S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. aureus);
 * therapy: ATB, pus drainage.

Pelvic inflammatory disease

 * Chlamydia trachomatis, E. coli, bacteroids, peptostreptococci, anaerobic bacteria, Haemophilus influenzae, aerobic streptococci, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, N. gonorrhoeae, Actinomyces israeli;
 * usually more pathogens, identification of the primary agent is problematic;
 * dg: USG, fluid puncture (microbiological examination).