Mesenchymal tissue neoplasms

Mesenchym is an embryonic tissue (made up of cells with dendrites and big intercellular spaces filled with runny basic matter). It is mostly derived from mesoderm and gives rise to the development of the connective tissue (vazivo, chrupavka, kost), blood vessels, muscles and krvetvorná tissue.

Mesenchymal tumors usually have histoid structure (that means without the obvious difference between parenchyma and stroma for the tumor is derived from such components that are related to the stroma), bounding to the surrounding is often blurred, including benign variants.

Classification of mesenchymal tumors

 * 1) soft tissue tumors:  fibrom, lipom, hemangiom, lymfangiom, myoma…
 * 2) bone tumors

According to the original tissue:


 * 1) from the fibroblastoid tissues  (fibrom, myxom, lipom, osteom, chondrom),
 * 2) from the endotel and vascular tissues (hemangiom, lymfangiom),
 * 3) from the muscle tissue (leiomyoma, rhabdomyom),
 * 4) from the hemopoietic and lymforeticular system (hemoblastomy, hemoblastózy),
 * 5) undifferentiated (spindle like, round cell, polymorphic).

Benign mesenchymal neoplasms
vpravo|250px |náhled|Uterus myomatosus

They grow expansively, do not metastizate, are limited in respect to their surroundings, flexible towards the surrounding tissue, usually not painful. By means of their expansive growth they can cause destructive or secundary malignant (by pressure) damage. Malignant transformation is possible.

Here belongs: Complications: compression of the surrounding tissue atrofie (atrophy in uterine myoma endometria and infertility), estethics, fonation, intracranial death.
 * Fibrom – ball-like, grey-pink, rigid, limited, usually not encapsulated, area ranging from several mm to cm, on the jazyk, in the subcutaneous tissue.
 * Lipom – soft, yellow, usually encapsulated, from 1 to several cm, in the subcutaneous tissue.
 * Myxom – jelly-like, less limited, often tumor reccurance occurs.
 * Chondrom – cartilage-like, limited, in the bones, tendons.
 * Chordoma – soft, transparent, on the clivus, several mm.
 * Osteom – outgrowth of bone, not painful, frontální sinus.
 * Osteoidní osteom – painful, substantia corticalis of the long bones.
 * Hemangiom:
 * capillary unlimited – ret, in the kůži as so called "fire", red,
 * cavernous blue – kůže, játra, unlimited,
 * arteriovenous pulsating.
 * Lymfangiom – pale yellow, in the bowel, cystic – the face, the neck = hygroma colli cysticum.
 * Leiomyom – from the hladké svaloviny, ball-like, grey-pink, sheaflike, limited, rigid, děloha, GIT.
 * Rabdomyom – from the příčně pruhované svaloviny, the face in children, neck, srdce, limited.
 * Myoblastic myoma – in the jazyk, recurrence often occurs, upon the myoma in the epitelu pseudoepiteliomatous hyperplazie may occur.

Malignant mesenchymal tumors
Malignant mesenchymal tumors are termed as sarcomas (fish meat like look). They grow by infiltrative means and metastastizate mostly by hematogennous way. For the stage of malignity is decisive (more than the nuclear and cellular polymorphy) the frequency of mitóz, chromosomal aberrations and presence and extent of nekróz. The material of intermediar filaments serves as a basic marker – vimentinor desmin in muscle cells (and parts of myofilaments).

Here belongs:
 * fibrosarcoma
 * chondrosarkom
 * hemangiosarcoma
 * leiomyosarkom
 * rabdomyosarkom
 * osteosarkom

Realated articles

 * Myxoma
 * Lipoma
 * Liposarcoma
 * Hibernoma
 * Hemangiom
 * Angiosarcoma
 * Lymfangiom
 * Leiomyom
 * Leiomyosarkom
 * Rhabdomyom
 * Rhabdomyosarkom
 * Chondrom
 * Chondrosarkom
 * Osteom
 * Osteosarkom

Source

 * https://www.wikiskripta.eu/w/Mezenchymov%C3%A9_n%C3%A1dory