Type 2 diabetes mellitus (biochemistry)

Type 2 is the predominant form of DM. Patients are not vitally dependent on exogenous insulin because insulin production is not reduced or is reduced less than in type 1 DM.

The cause of this type is a breakdown in the action of insulin. This is the so-called insulin resistance due to a disorder of the insulin receptor or a disorder in the transmission of the insulin signal to the cell.

Insulin levels in the blood tend to be increased initially due to insulin resistance. In the further course of the disease, a disorder of insulin secretion also begins, β-cells gradually lose the ability to respond to increased glucose levels by insulin synthesis.

The disease manifests itself mainly in adulthood, usually over the age of 40. Type 2 DM has a high heredity, so the family burden is evident in the anamnesis. Unlike type 1, patients are not prone to ketoacidosis. 60-90% is associated with obesity.

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