Histopathological skin changes

The skin undergoes the same pathological processes as in other tissues: ie regressive, progressive processes, inflammation, congenital malformations, tumors, circulatory diseases, hyperemia, anemia, hypertrophy and others. In addition, we find special pathological and anatomical changes here.

Pathological-anatomical Changes

 * Parakeratosis – imperfect corning, in the corner layer preserved flattened nuclei of hornlike cells /in inflammation, in osoriasis).
 * Dyskeratosis – a disorder of the cornea, premature keratinization of cells, their plasma produces characteristic horn grains and corpses ("grains" and "corps ronds"; an example of Darier's dyskeratosis, squamous cell carcinoma).
 * Acanthosis – enlargement of the malpigal part of the epidermis, multiplication, usually accompanied by elongation and enlargement of interpapillary pin cells (reactions to inflammatory processes, in tumors, etc.).
 * Spongiosis - intercellular edema - enlargement of the intercellular spaces (eczema, dermatitis).
 * Intracellular edema - degenerative cell changes: cavitary, hydroptic, reticular, balloon or vacuolar degeneration (various inflammations).
 * Atrophy of the epidermis – loss of various layers (especially stratum spinosum).
 * Papillomatosis – finger-like extension of the papillae of the corium, often together with acanthosis, the papillae may branch at the top (warts, papillomas).
 * Acantholysis– dissolution of desmosomes, between the cells of the cleft to the blister (mostly in the pemphigus). Hyperkeratosis - enlargement of the stratum corneum, other layers narrowed, normal and enlarged (developmental abnormalities, inflammation, tumors, etc.).
 * Hyperkeratosis – enlargement of the stratum corneum, ether layers narrowed, normal and enlarged (dvelopmental abnormalities, inflammation, tumors, etc.).



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