Examination methods in gastroenterology

Imaging methods

 * simple abdominal scan - parenchyma calcification, cyst; air levels in the intestinal loops ( ileus ),
 * Enteroclysis - X-ray method of examination of the small intestine, double contrast (barium and air) is used, we obtain an image that shows the relief of the intestine,
 * Irigoscopic examination - X-ray method with contrast, the contrast agent penetrates retrogradely during colonoscopy, the terminal ileum is examined,
 * Abdominal ultrasound - 1st choice method; gallbladder wall thickness, pancreatic focal processes+ pancreatic duct width; changes in the thickness, lumen and contents of the intestinal loops ( Crohn's disease ),
 * CT - changes of the liver + pancreas (tumor, lymph nodes),
 * MRI - endocrine tumors of the GIT, an alternative to ERCP (main lesions of the biliary system),
 * EUS (endoscope with ultrasound probe inserted into the stomach ) - structure + excretory system of the pancreas + lower part of the bile ducts, structure of the esophagus + stomach wall (early cancer),
 * ERCP - the gold standard for the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary diseases + the possibility of therapeutic use; increasingly replaced by MRCP.

Endoskopic methods

 * gastroscopy - examination of the stomach, duodenum, esophagus (morphology of the mucosa, biopsy, smear cytology),
 * colonoscopy - the endoscope (after bowel preparation) is inserted through the rectum up to the Bauhin valve (or into the ileum); assessed: morphology + color of mucosa, vascular drawing of the intestine; biopsy, polypectomy,
 * rectoscopy-anoscopy - examination with a rigid endoscope (dg., sclerotization of hemorrhoids )
 * enteroscopy - vague bleeding from the upper part of the GIT, malabsorption syndrome, etc.,
 * choledochoscopy, pancreaticoscopy - endoscopic papillosphincterotomy, microbiopsy of the mucosa of the excretory tract,
 * laparoscopy (laparoscope over the abdominal wall after pneumoperitoneum formation) - liver + subclavian landscape, peritoneum changes, liver biopsy (replaced by targeted puncture under USG / CT),
 * Liver biopsy - always check coagulation beforehand

Related Articles

 * Laboratory methods in gastroenterology
 * Functional tests in gastroenterology
 * Stool examination