Clinical nursing

Psychiatric nursing care

 * Nursing care specialized in the maintenance, support and development of mental health and in the care of persons with mental disorders.

Mental health [ edit | edit source ]
Mental health means the good condition of the whole personality, it is not just the absence of a mental disorder. How do you recognize a mentally healthy person? He has the ability to receive and process information, solve problems, think logically and can plan and carry out plans. He is able to participate in changes and create new things. He can communicate. He actively participates in the events around him. He adapts well to new situations. He is known for his emotional balance, manages his own emotions and at the same time can relax. Mental health is the ability to adapt and respond to situations.

Primary psychiatric care - outpatient care [ edit | edit source ]
Outpatient care is a fundamental part of psychiatric care and is the most common place for a patient's first contact with a psychiatrist. Its task is prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, resocialization and assessment of mental disorders. Ambulances provide dispensary care for patients with serious mental disorders in accordance with applicable regulations and provide care for patients in protective treatment. Outpatient care should also include visiting services. The patient can be in the care of the ambulance for a long time and the contact is continuous. The outpatient psychiatrist is then the coordinator of the patient's care and can also be said to be his guide in the system of psychiatric services and subsequent health and social services  . Psychiatrists, sexologists, psychologists and nurses work in ambulances. In cases where outpatient treatment is insufficient, the outpatient psychiatrist indicates inpatient treatment. The characteristic features of primary psychiatric care are direct patient access, complex and continuous care, coordination of professional care, community care, cooperation  . Outpatient facilities can be divided into:


 * public psychiatric care ambulance,
 * AT surgery,
 * substitution centers,
 * psychiatric clinics for children and adolescents,
 * psychiatric sexology clinic,
 * outpatient clinic for the treatment of eating disorders,
 * clinical psychologist clinic.

Hospitalization in psychiatry [ edit | edit source ]
Hospitalization in psychiatry represents an important and irreplaceable form of care for the mentally ill. It is often connected with various methods of ambulatory care.

Forms of hospitalization [ edit | edit source ]
The care provided in psychiatric inpatient facilities is divided into acute inpatient care and subsequent inpatient care. Crisis intervention centers usually provide short-term hospitalization of 3-7 days to ensure timely intensive and comprehensive care. Acute inpatient care is provided in open or closed departments of hospitals, clinics and clinics. The goal of acute care is a differential diagnostic assessment of the patient's condition with a proposed treatment plan, protecting the patient from harming himself or others in all areas of social functioning. In general, it can be said that acute inpatient care is needed by patients with a sudden illness or a sudden worsening of a chronic illness. Modern psychiatric care includes intensive psychiatric care units (ICCUs). Subsequent inpatient care is provided mostly in psychiatric hospitals to patients, who already have a diagnosis and in whom the reasons for providing acute inpatient care have passed. Thus, a sudden illness or a sudden worsening of a chronic illness has been managed and the health status is stabilized. The goal is to achieve the most significant mitigation of the consequences of the disease and resocialization of the sick. During hospitalization, the patient is provided with comprehensive care, which is provided by the medical team.

Primary health care [ edit | edit source ]

 * It is the first level of contact with healthcare, both for individuals, families and communities;
 * brings health care as close as possible to where people live and work - i.e. in their natural environment.

The most important values ​​and principles in the provision of primary health care [ edit | edit source ]

 * The right to the highest attainable standard of health,
 * equality,
 * social justice,
 * solidarity,
 * sensitivity to people's health needs,
 * focus on quality,
 * comprehensive, integrated and permanent care,
 * family and community based care,
 * emphasis on support and prevention,
 * due care.

Main areas of activity in primary health care [ edit | edit source ]
They concern, above all:


 * 1) education (in the field of main health problems, methods of their prevention and control),
 * 2) improving food supply and promoting proper nutrition,
 * 3) enough safe water and basic hygiene facilities,
 * 4) mother and child care, family planning,
 * 5) vaccination against major infectious diseases,
 * 6) prevention and control of infectious diseases,
 * 7) proper treatment of common illnesses and injuries,
 * 8) enough basic medicines.

Nursing care in urology [ edit | edit source ]
Urology is a surgical field that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of kidney and urinary tract diseases. He also deals with the issue of diseases of the genital organs in men. In the broader sense of the word, we also include surgery of the parathyroid glands due to the connection with the development of urolithiasis.

General principles of nursing care in the urology department [ edit | edit source ]

 * The nurse knows:
 * specifics of the field (composition of clients),
 * dietary measures in connection with the disease,
 * drinking regime and choice of suitable fluids in case of urological disease,
 * barrier mode of treating clients (high risk of infection),
 * the most frequently used and administered drugs (main and side effects of drugs),
 * procedures for providing basic and special laboratory examinations,
 * preparation of clients for special investigation methods and care for clients after examinations.


 * The nurse monitors:
 * changes associated with urine excretion (mainly quantity),
 * changes in urine (color, odor,...),
 * pain (dull, colicky,...),
 * overall appearance ( DK swelling, facial swelling, skin color ,...),
 * subjective and other symptoms of the disease (e.g. GIT problems),
 * physiological functions ( BP, pulse , TT , breath).

References [ edit | edit source ]

 * MARKOVÁ, E., M. VENGLÁŘOVÁ and M. BABIAKOVÁ. Psychiatric nursing care. 1st edition. Prague: Grada, 2006. p. 352.  ISBN 80-247-1151-6.


 * JUŠENIKOVÁ, P., et al. Nursing - textbook for SZŠ. 1st edition. Uherské Hradiště: Center for services to UH schools - own edition, 1999.


 * JAROŠOVÁ,, D..  Introduction to community nursing. 1st edition. Prague: Grada, 2007.  ISBN 978-80-247-2150-7.


 * Psychiatric Society ČLS JEP. Concepts of the field of psychiatry 2001  [online]. ©2001. [feeling. 2011-08-15]. < http://www.cmhcd.cz/dokumenty/koncepce.pdf/&#x20;&#x3E;.


 * Psychiatric Society ČLS JEP. Concepts of the field of psychiatry 2008  [online]. ©2008. [feeling. 2011-08-15]. < https://www.ceskapsychiatrie.cz/images/stories/deni_v_oboru/revize_koncepce_2008.doc&#x20;&#x3E;.

References [ edit | edit source ]

 * 1) ↑ Psychiatric Society ČLS JEP. Concepts of the field of psychiatry 2008  [online]. ©2008. [feeling. 2011-08-15]. < https://www.ceskapsychiatrie.cz/images/stories/deni_v_oboru/revize_koncepce_2008.doc&#x20;&#x3E;.
 * 2) ↑ Psychiatric Society ČLS JEP. Concepts of the field of psychiatry 2001  [online]. ©2001. [feeling. 2011-08-15]. < http://www.cmhcd.cz/dokumenty/koncepce.pdf/&#x20;&#x3E;.
 * 3) ↑ Psychiatric Society ČLS JEP. Concepts of the field of psychiatry 2008  [online]. ©2008. [feeling. 2011-08-15]. < https://www.ceskapsychiatrie.cz/images/stories/deni_v_oboru/revize_koncepce_2008.doc >.
 * 4) ↑ Psychiatric Society ČLS JEP. Concepts of the field of psychiatry 2008  [online]. ©2008. [feeling. 2011-08-15]. < https://www.ceskapsychiatrie.cz/images/stories/deni_v_oboru/revize_koncepce_2008.doc&#x20;&#x3E;.