Staphylococcal infections

It is one of the most common human infections. These are usually mild infections, in addition to the presence of staphylococcus, it is necessary to weaken the local defenses in order to develop the infection.

Etiology
G + cocci with many properties, main species - Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis , Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Epidemiology
The source of the infection is humans, they are normally on the skin, nose and perineum; 25% permanent carriers, 50% occasional, 25% do not.

Predisposing factors - skin disorders, burns, foreign body in the wound, DM, renal insufficiency, cirrhosis , granulocytopenia, immunodeficiency , in the respiratory tract - influenza , CF , stagnation of secretions , in hospitals - catheter.



Infections caused by S. aureus

 * pyoderma - folliculitis, impetigo, furuncle , carbuncle , hydroadenitis ;


 * early infections - S. aureus is the most common cause of postoperative and post-traumatic infections;


 * mastitis - in lactating women;


 * respiratory infections - usually secondary, in terrain damaged by other noxa, mainly in influenza (more often but pneumococcus), but most common in cystic fibrosis (CF), primary - dangerous in infants;


 * osteomyelitis and arthritis - the vast majority of osteomyelitis;


 * purulent meningitis - rare, usually postoperatively or post-traumatic;


 * sepsis - all types of sepsis, the worst are those where the lesion is located in a large vein or on the endocardium;


 * toxic shock syndrome (TSST);


 * pyomyositis - exclusively in the tropics.

Infections caused by S. epidermidis
The only disease it causes in the field is infectious endocarditis, otherwise they are nosocomial infections , catheter sepsis, artificial materials predispose to colonization - catheters, artificial valves, joint replacements, nosocomials - usually resistant.

Infections caused by S. saprophyticus
Urinary tract infections in young women ( about 20% of urinary tract infections in this group), clinically indistinguishable from colibacillary, susceptibility to ATB is relatively good.

related articles

 * Genus Staphylococcus
 * Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Source

 * BENEŠ, Jiří. Study materials  [online]. [feeling. 2010]. < http://jirben.wz.cz >.