Congenita muscularis torticollis

Congenital muscular torticollis is caused by shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle with the head tilted to the affected side.
 * In general, torticollis can be congenital or acquired (ocular, neurogenic, psychogenic, secondary to infection or trauma);
 * etiology of congenital torticollis: not exactly known (muscle rupture, intrauterine malposition, pressure, ischemia, genetic factors); incidence 0.4%; appears 2 weeks after birth, swelling increases within 4 months;
 * treatment is surgical: total extirpation of the fibrotic sternocleidomastoid muscle, upper / lower tenotomy of the muscle attachment, Ferkel's operation (Z-plasty of the muscle with its lengthening).

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