Premolar

Morphology
The canine teeth (dentes premolares) are found only in the permanent dentition between the canine and the first molar. Unlike the canines and incisors, they have five surfaces (oral, vestibular, two approximal and masticatory - facies occlusalis). Their original name was dentes bicuspidati - teeths bicuspid, precisely because of the typical two bumps on the masticatory facies, which face vestibularly and orally.

The marginal bars are found on the masticatory surface in the approximal direction. Their main importance is to support and reinforce the relief of the crown and to reduce the risk of crown breakage. There is also a pronounced groove which runs mesiodistally and divides the surface into oral and buccal parts (more pronounced in the upper premolars than in the lower ones). All premolars are classified as pillars Class II

Upper premolars
The upper premolars have an outline similar to a rectangle or an ellipse, and their vestibular surfaces resemble the labial surface of a canine. The approximal surfaces have a rectangular shape and are convex at the point of contact (on the contrary, they are concave in the cervical direction).

First upper premolar
Two cusps – the buccal cusp points distally and is higher and sharper than the palatal cusp. As the only one of all premolars, it has the largest percentage of cases (60%)

two roots and 92% two canals. The roots are gracile and twisted - difficult to treat endodontically. Frequent extraction for orthodontic reasons. This is pillar II. class according to Voldřich.

Second upper premolar
It is smaller in volume than the first premolar, to which it is very similar except for a few differences. Unlike the first upper premolar, both cusps are the same height. In 90%, it has only one root, which has a close relationship with the maxillary cavity. Like all premolars, they belong to pillars II. class according to Voldřich.

Related articles

 * Morphology of teeth

References used

 * FREEDOM, Otto, et al. Dental propaedeutics: Textbook for medical faculties. 1st edition. Avicenum, 1984. 392 p.