Exudative superficial inflammations

Inflammation is a phylogenetically established response of the organism to the action of a harmful substance. It has local and general manifestations and its function is reparative and defensive.

Composition
Inflammation has four components: Exudative superficial inflammation has the most expressed exudation and occurs on the serosa, mucous membrane.
 * alterative
 * exudative
 * proliferative
 * immune

Exudation = formation of inflammatory effusion, exudate. Expansion of capillaries, increased permeability for proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogen), erythrocytes and inflammatory infiltrate cells (neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, capillary endothelial cells, fibroblasts).

Division
According to the predominant component, we divide the exudate into:
 * serous
 * fibrinous
 * septic
 * serofibrinous
 * hemorrhagic

Serous superficial inflammation
Serous exudate – clear, straw-yellow, thin fluid.

Examples: eczema, herpes, catarrhal bronchopneumonia.

Healing: decrease in exudation, possibly re-epithelialization.

Superficial purulent inflammation
Purulent exudate - viscous, thick liquid, whitish-yellow, yellow-green, blue (pseudomonad infection), red (mixture of blood). It destroys tissues – collicative necrosis!

Examples: acute catarrhal purulent bronchopneumonia, pustules, panaricia (staphylococcal skin infection), purulent angina, purulent appendicitis, purulent pleuritis (empyema), purulent sinusitis, purulent peritonitis.

Healing: decrease in exudation, possibly re-epithelialization.

Fibrinous superficial inflammation

 * Fibrinous exudate - whitish-yellow, flakes or solid mass. It sticks!
 * Pablano inflammation - pablana - hard, sharply demarcated, whitish-yellow, varying degrees of firmness. It consists of fibrin and necrotic mucosa. We divide inflammation according to the depth of necrosis (fibrin/necrosis ratio):
 * Croupous - little necrosis, a lot of fibrin, the papule can be peeled off easily, the base does not bleed, it heals by reepithelialization. An example is angina mononucleosis.
 * Diphtheria - as much fibrin as necrosis, pablana is tight. Examples are diphtheria, bacillary dysentery.
 * Fibrous - lots of necrosis, little fibrin, heals with granulation tissue and scar tissue. Examples are burns, abrasions.


 * Fibrinous inflammation on the serosa - macro "fibrin attacks" - hard, sticky, whitish-yellow.
 * Example: serosis of the appendix, gallbladder, ovary in appendicitis, cholecystitis and oophoritis (or salpingitis), serosis of the stomach over chronic peptic ulcer,peritoneum and serosis of the intestines after surgery, diffuse fibrinous peritonitis.
 * Healing: organization of granulation tissue, scar, adhesions (mechanical ileus).

Gangrenous superficial inflammation
Putrefaction, ischemia, gray-green, foul-smelling, decaying tissue.

Examples: on serosas (stercoral peritonitis) and mucous membranes (noma, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis).

related articles

 * Inflammation
 * Macroscopic manifestations of inflammation
 * Microscopic manifestations of inflammation