Examination methods in ENT/overview

Nose

 * Anamnesis.
 * Physical examination: aspect, palpation.
 * Instrumental examination: anterior rhinoscopy, posterior rhinoscopy.
 * Nasal endoscopy.
 * Imaging method: diaphanoscopy, X-ray, CT, MRI.
 * Other examination methods: cytology of the nasal mucosa, mucociliary clearance, β2 -transferrin examination, cytological examination, bacteriological examination, nasal provocation tests, measurement of nasal patency (rinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, PEF – peak expiration flow).

Larynx

 * Anamnesis.
 * Physical examination: aspect, palpation.
 * Instrumental and endoscopic examination: indirect laryngoscopy, magnifying laryngoscopy, direct laryngoscopy, fibrolaryngoscopy.
 * Stroboscopy.
 * Imaging methods: CT, MRI, USG (lymph nodes of the neck).

Ear examination

 * Anamnesis.
 * Physical examination: aspect, palpation.
 * Otoscopy (by eye or using a microscope).
 * Imaging methods: X-ray (projection according to Schüller, projection according to Stenverse), CT, MRI.

Hearing examination

 * Speech Hearing Examination.
 * Tuning tests (Rinne's test, Weber's test, Schwabach's test).
 * Tone audiometry.
 * Verbal audiometry.
 * BERA (brainstem evoked response audiometry).
 * Otoacoustic emissions.

Pharynx

 * Anamnesis.
 * Physical examination: aspect, aspect after compressing the tongue with a spatula, palpation.
 * Instrumental and endoscopic examination: epipharyngoscopy with a mirror or using optics, magnifying laryngoscopy.
 *  Panendoscopy: general endoscopic examination performed under general anesthesia and including epipharyngoscopy, direct laryngoscopy, hypopharyngoscopy and esophagoscopy.
 *  Imaging methods: CT, MRI, USG (lymph nodes of the neck).

Thyroid Gland

 * Anamnesis.
 * Physical examination: aspect, palpation.
 * Imaging methods: USG, USG + FNAB (fine needle aspiration biopsy), scintigraphy, T, MRI.
 *  Laboratory tests: free fraction T3, Tsub>4, TSH, calcitonin, antibodies against the thyroid gland.

Salivary Gland

 * Anamnesis.
 * Physical examination: asspection, palpation, bimanual palpation.
 * Imaging methods: USG, USG + FNAB (fine needle aspiration biopsy), sialography, CT, MRI.

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