Dietary therapy in infectious diseases


 * a patient with an acute infection is in a hypercatabolic state: the energy expenditure sometimes rises to the values ​​seen in a very hard-working person
 * in a previously healthy individual, we do not have to alter the energy intake in acute inflammation
 * if the inflammation lasts over 10 days, we must supplement energy intake
 * first we always try to supplement energy intake via the oral route, then via i.v. infusions.

Basic diets
Characteristics: Drinks, soups, sauces, half-energy content
 * D–0	Liquid

Indications: Surgeries of the gastrointestinal system Characteristics: Purees, full-energy content
 * D–1	Soft

Indications: Surgeries and diseases of the gastrointestinal system Characteristics: Easy to digest
 * D–2	Saving

Indications: Feverish diseases, mild gastrointestinal system diseases Characteristics: Respects the principles of rational nutrition, energy content of 11 MJ, physiological nutrient ratio
 * D–3	Rational

Indications: Diseases that do not require a change in diet Characteristics: Fat limitation (65 grams)
 * D–4	Low fat

Indications: Diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas, hepatitis, mild intestinal diseases Characteristics: Mechanically and chemically soft to the intestine, reduction of cellulose (vegetables) and milk as a beverage
 * D–5	Low Residue

Indications: Mild diarrhea Characteristics: Protein and salt limitation (60 grams)
 * D–6	Low protein

Indications: Kidney diseases Characteristics: Contains mainly unsaturated fatty acids (vegetable oils) and cellulose (vegetables)
 * D–7	Low cholesterol

Indications: Hyperlipidemia, complications of atherosclerosis Characteristics: Energy limitation (6 MJ)
 * D–8	Reduction

Indications: Obesity Characteristics: Ensures a lower and spread out carbohydrate intake (200 grams)
 * D–9	Diabetic

Indications: Diabetes mellitus Characteristics: Reduces sodium intake by eliminating table salt
 * D–10 Low sodium

Indications: Edema (decompensation of cardiac insufficiency, pregnancy) Characteristics: Energy rich (14 MJ) and biologically valuable
 * D–11 Nourishing

Indications: Convalescence, tuberculosis, tumors, AIDS Characteristics: Respects the principles of rational toddler diet: dairy products
 * D–12 Toddler diet

Indications: Children aged from 1 and 1/2 years to 3 years Characteristics: Respects the principles of a rational diet for children: common, popular, easily digestible, non-spicy foods
 * D–13 Older children's diet

Indications: Children aged from 4 to 15 years

Special and standardized diets
Characteristics: Tea and crackers
 * D–0/S Tea

Indications: Acute diarrhea Characteristics: Liquid, energy-rich with a high bioavailibility
 * D–1/S Liquid nutrition

Indications: Disorders of chewing and swallowing due to diseases and injuries of the oral cavity and esophagus Characteristics: Significant fat reduction
 * D–4/S With strict fat restriction

Indications: Acute conditions of the gallbladder and pancreas after a tea diet and in onset of viral hepatitis Characteristics: Meets the requirements of diets D-2 and D-9
 * D–9/S Diabetic saving

Indications: Diabetes with complications Characteristics: Similar to D–4/S
 * D–S/KN Non-greasy soft

Indications: Acute diarrhea Characteristics: Similar to D–4
 * D–S/P Pancreatic

Indications: improving diarrhea, improving pancreatitis Characteristics: Similar to D–1
 * D–S/K Greasy soft

Indications: Mild gastrointestinal system disease Characteristics: Does not contain wheat gluten (which contains gliadin)
 * D–S/BLP Gluten-free

Indications: Celiac disease, gluten enteropathy Characteristics: Does not contain dairy products
 * D–S/BLK Lactose-free

Indications: Lactose intolerance Characteristics: Does not contain meat and vegetables (for 3 days)
 * D–S/OK For examination of occult bleeding

Indications: Detection of occult bleeding, if it is positive without dietary restrictions