Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation



Intra-Aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a type of mechanical cardiac support. It is a mechanical device whose function is to support a failed circulation.

Intra-Aortic balloon pump consists of a counterpulsation balloon implemented most often by the femoral artery into the descending part of the thoracic aorta and the counterpulsation device.

Principle
The principle of IABP is to inflate a counterpulsation balloon with inert gas (helium) in diastole and to blow it in systole. Inflating a balloon in diastole increases intraaortic pressure in the ascending aorta and aortic arch, potentiating blood expulsion into the ''aa. & nbsp; coronariae, truncus brachiocephalicus, a. & nbsp; carotis communis sin., a. & nbsp; subclavia sin.''(possibly aortocoronary bypasses). We are talking about diastolic augmentation ', which results in increased blood flow through the coronary arteries.

Blowing out the balloon just before the onset of systole leads to a reduction in intraaortic pressure, and thus to a reduction in  afterload''. Balloon inflation and deflation are controlled by the ECG or arterial pressure curve. ''

Diastolic augmentation and reduction afterload result in reduced left ventricular labor requirements and myocardial oxygen consumption.

Indication
The indications of IABP include:


 * AIM complications;
 * cardiogenic shock;
 * unstable angina pectoris unresponsive to conservative therapy;
 * low minute output syndrome (LCOS).

Contraindications
An absolute contraindication to IABP is a significant aortic valve insufficiency'' (diastolic pressure augmentation increases the diastolic volume of the left ventricle, which may cause damage to the left ventricle), aortic aneurysm, traumatic aortic changes. ''

Complications
Among the possible complications of IABP are mainly:
 * bleeding and infection at the puncture site;
 * arterial perforation;
 * artery dissection (a. & nbsp; femoralis, a. & nbsp; iliaca, aorta);
 * limb ischemia;
 * thrombocytopenia.