Cardiopulmonary resuscitation/secondary school (nurse)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is indicated for loss of consciousness when normal breathing is not present.

Types of CPR
BLS – basic life support – basic emergency resuscitation without special equipment and aids = first aid.

ALS – advanced life support – extended emergency resuscitation, which is performed by a healthcare professional using drugs, aids and special procedures = provision of professional first aid.

Basic vital functions
The basic life (vital) functions include: The failure of one basic vital function leads to the collapse of the vital functions of the others → sudden cessation of circulation.
 * consciousness;
 * breathing;
 * bloodstream;
 * indoor environment.

Unconsciousness within 10–15 s, up to 60 s gasping breaths, respiratory arrest, fixed mydriasis, central cyanosis or pallor; Within 4-5 minutes, irreversible damage to brain cells begins!

Circulatory arrest occurs in 4–10 minutes.

Procedure for basic emergency resuscitation

 * 1) Remember your own safety!
 * 2) Assess the situation, the quality of consciousness (addressing, shaking); in case of massive bleeding state of bleeding.
 * 3) Call for help and call the EMS (155, 112).
 * 4) Release the airways by tilting your head.
 * 5) Check breathing (hear, see, feel); It must not last more than 10 seconds.
 * 6) Is an AED within range? If YES, use it.
 * 7) 30 chest compressions with a frequency of 100–120 per minute, compression depth 5–6 cm.
 * 8) 2 inhalations – tilt your head, block your nose and inhale – consider the risk of transmitting the infection. Breathing must not be delayed by a heart massage!

Procedure for basic emergency resuscitation in children
We distinguish: Newborn and infant (different heart massage technique) and children from 1 year to 18 years.
 * 1) Remember your own safety!
 * 2) Assess the situation, the quality of consciousness (addressing, shaking); in case of massive bleeding state of bleeding.
 * 3) Call for help from others.
 * 4) Relax the airways by tilting the head in a child older than 1 year, up to one year we put the head in a medium position (do not tilt!).
 * 5) Check breathing (hear, see, feel), it must not last longer than 10 seconds.
 * 6) Start CPR 5 inhalations.
 * 7) CPR for 1 minute, 30:2; two rescuers or one experienced rescuer trained in CPR of children 15:2, newborns and infants 3:1; We compress the chest by 1/3 of the height (up to 5 cm).
 * 8) Call EMS (155)
 * 9) Is an AED within range? Is it possible to use it for children? → If YES, use it. Use of children's, electrodes, sagittal gluing of electrodes, keys – switch to reduce the discharge energy to 4 J/kg (50–75 J for children 1–8 years).
 * 10) 30 chest compressions at a frequency of 100-120 per minute (depending on age – the younger, the faster), compression can be done with one hand, two fingers or both hands with adequate force in the middle of the chest.


 * 1) 2 inhalations, stuff the nose (small children breathe into the nose and mouth at the same time).

Procedure for extended emergency resuscitation
Carried out by medical personnel.
 * 1) Assess the situation, the quality of consciousness (addressing, shaking); in case of massive bleeding state of bleeding.
 * 2) Release the airways by tilting your head.
 * 3) Check breathing (hear, see, feel), it must not last longer than 10 seconds.
 * 4) As quickly as possible, use a defibrillator, evaluate the ECG curve, → ventricular tachycardia without a pulse and ventricular fibrillation are indications for the administration of discharge.
 * 5) Give the 1st discharge (monophasic defibrillator 360 J, biphasic defibrillator 200 J).
 * 6) CPR 30:2 (frequency 100 compressions per minute, depth 5–6 cm) + secure airways, provide IV entry (or intraosseous entry); Duration 2 minutes.
 * 7) Evaluate the ECG, give the 2nd discharge (monophasic defibrillator 360, biphasic defibrillator 200 J).
 * 8) KPR 30:2 + provide i.v. entry.
 * 9) Evaluate the ECG, give the 3rd discharge (monophasic defibrillator 360, biphasic defibrillator 360 J).
 * 10) CPR 30:2 + adrenaline 1 mg in asystole + amiodarone 300 mg in ventricular fibrillation.
 * 11) Evaluate the ECG, give the 4th discharge (monophasic defibrillator 360, biphasic defibrillator 360 J).
 * 12) *Adrenaline every 3-5 minutes.
 * 13) *We continue CPR + defibrillation + drug administration.
 * If we evaluate the ECG as a non-defibrillable rhythm, we will administer adrenaline as soon as we provide i.v. or i.o. entry!

Related articles

 * Extended emergency resuscitation/secondary school (nurse)
 * Basic emergency resuscitation/secondary school (nurse)