Mumps

Mumps or parotitis epidemica is an acute viral disease with swelling of the salivary glands and possible involvement of the CNS,  pancreas and testicles. It is caused by an RNA virus belonging to the group of paramyxoviruses, which spreads through the air. It has neurotropic and glandulotropic affinity. It is a highly contagious disease.

Epidemiology
The virus is transmitted by droplet infection. Infected persons are contagious from 3 days before to a maximum of 9 days after the onset of the disease. The virus multiplies in the nasopharynx, from where it spreads to the lymph nodes. Next, viremia develops. Incubation period: 14-21 days. dní.

The reported incidence of mumps in the Czech Republic in the years 2005–2014 is approximately 400–5200 cases per year, i.e. an average of 18 patients per 100,000 inhabitants per year. In 2014, the incidence was 6.4/100,000 inhabitants.

Clinical picture
Inapparent course in 30-40%.

It starts with malaise, subfebrile, a feeling of tension in the area of ​​the parotid (parotid salivary glands), which increase asymmetrically. There is increased pain when opening the mouth, sometimes also in the submandibular and sublingual areas - the (submandibular) a sublingual (salivary) glands can also be affected.

Typical presentation: fever and painful parotid swelling (in 70% bilateral, in 30% unilateral), protruding earlobes, pain when biting and redness of the salivary gland duct. Swelling usually lasts 3–7 days.

Diagnostics
According to clinical symptoms, unclear cases - serology. Detection of specific IgM antibodies. In case of CNS involvement, virus isolation from saliva, blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid.

Sedimentation normal, blood count more or less the same, mostly more lymphocytes, increase in serum amylase.

Detection of RNA virus by RT-PCR.

Differential diagnosis
It is necessary to distinguish infiltration in malignancies, sarcoidosis.

Purulent parotitis, sialoadenitis, CMV parotitis, coxsackie A parotitis, parotidomegaly of HIV+ children.

Rarely – Pb, Hg poisoning, tumor, Mikulicz syndrome (leukemia), Sjörgren, Charvát's symptom – DM.

Theraoy
Symptomatic: on the parotid gland - lukewarm compresses, pancreatic diet, rest.

Complication
Common, the course is mostly favorable.

In children, the most common complications, the course is usually mild. 70% unobserved. In the cerebrospinal fluid, mononuclear pleocytosis (> 1000 atypical elements/mm 3 ) – increased protein, white blood cells also quite high (in contrast to other aseptic inflammations of the CNS).
 * Septic meningitis

Symptoms: temperature, headache, nausea, vomiting, meningeal symptoms, very rarely permanent deafness.

CNS involvement can occur even before parotid swelling!

Symptoms: malaise, vomiting, neurological disorders.
 * Meningoencephalitis

Non-specific symptoms: abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea.
 * Pancreatitis

In children under 15 years in 20%, 5 days after the acute phase.
 * In adolescents and young men – orchitis a epididymitis.

Symptoms: pain, swelling and redness of the skin of the scrotum above the enlarged testicle, the temperature rises again. In 13% of cases, it leads to reduced fertility, rarely to sterility. .

Another complications: Hearing impairment - unilateral, transient or permanent. Eye complications: optic neuritis, uveokeratitis, dacryoadenitis, central venous thrombosis. Facial nerve paresis, nephritis, thyroiditis], [[myocarditis, arthritis.

Prognosis
Mostly good, the consequences can be after meningoencephalitis, orchitis, pancreatitis.

Prophylaxis
Regular vaccination along with measles a rubeolla (MMR vaccine).

Externí odkazy

 * Epidemická parotitida – pokračující epidemie na východě ČR, 2007