Guide to Histology and Embryology Final/Embryology Oral

This guide was created for you to learn as much embryology in the least amount of time possible.

! The questions are numbered according to the numbers of questions in the list for the final exam (can be found in SIS->subjects->histology).

! There are 5 videos mentioned in the text below - the link to each will be in the MedSoc drive or shared using other channels (the reason being copyright).

! The pages mentioned in the guide are referring to Langman's Medical Embryology - 14th edition which can be downloaded from the MedSoc drive or borrowed in the library.

General embryology
It's  not  necessary to study molecular regulation in Langman. Study the clinical correlations only when the question explicitly says so 1. Development (maturation) of sperm

2. Development (maturation) of oocyte

- These first two questions are nicely put in Junqueira.

3. Fertilization and early development of the human embryo

- Watch the youtube video 1 (you can leave out the details about the fast/slow block to polyspermy in the video - not necessary for the exam)

- Remember what’s happening each day with the zygote!!! - questions in the final exams e.g.: Which day does the blastocyst enter the uterus? Which day does the implantation begin etc

- Facts about trophoblast - 13th day etc - what’s happening - in depth

- If you do have time to spare, read about this topic in Langman - if you’re not going to read Langman, please, learn the schemes from there and the structures they represent - pictures with arrows pointing at a structure which you have to name is very common in the final exam

4. Development and implantation of the blastocyst

- Page 42-49 in Langman

5. Anomalies of implantation, ectopic pregnancy

- Page 55,56 in Langmann

6. Development of the amniotic and yolk sacs, chorion It should start to make a bit more sense also when you learn about the placenta
 * Langman page 50-54
 * !Langman page 68-69! - read this one if you don’t fully understand it from the presentation and definitely go through the schemes and labels!!

7. Embryonic disc and its differentiation + 8. Formation of the germ layers

- That’s quite nicely put in the video I attached for early development or Langmann page 59-61

9. Development of the ectoderm and its differentiation + 10. Development of the neuroectoderm and its differentiation + 11. Neural crest and its differentiation - video 2 (just know the list of structures which develop from it!!!) 12. Development of the mesoderm and its differentiation
 * Langman 72-77 - if you don’t have time to read the text, PLEASE go through the pictures/schemes and its labels

- The basics:

> Paraaxial - bones, muscles, dermis

> Intermediate - urogenital system

> Lateral:

a) parietal = somatic

b) visceral = splanchnic

- Langman page 80-85 & ninja nerd

13. Development of the axial structures (notogenesis) + 14. Development of the notochord and its significance for development of other structures

- Page 59-61

- This video should help you imagine the processes quite well - video 3

15. Development of the endoderm and its differentiation

- Page 87-89

16. Origin and further development of the mesenchyme

- Page 80-84

17. Early development of the cardiovascular system

- Know what’s angiogenesis vs vasculogenesis

- Page 85 Langman

18. Primitive blood circulation

- Langman page 216-219 - it’s more of an anatomy question

19. Development of the facial region, nasal and oral cavity

- Schemes from Langman page 300-306 are crucial for this question

- This video should be enough - video 4

20. Development of the tooth

- Page 302 & continues on pages 309-310

- video 5, i couldn’t find a better video

22. Development and anomalies of the umbilical cord

- Development: page 118-119

- Anomalies: page 114 & 120

21. Development and structure of fetal membranes+ 23. Structure of the placenta + 25.Development of chorionic villi, hemoplacental barrier

- Langman page 110-118

24. Development and anomalies of the placenta

- Should be in the presentations

26. Growth of the conceptus, development of its shape + 27. Childbirth (parturition), signs of the full-term baby

- Langman page 106-109

28. Multiple pregnancies, twins and their fetal membranes

- Langman page 121-123

29. Summary of causes and manifestations of developmental anomalies

- Study from presentations

30. Basic conditions of teratogenesis, teratogens, critical periods

- Important: critical period: 3-8th week

And as for any histology topic, it's vital to use PRESENTATIONS - from lectures as well as from practicals.

Related Articles

 * Histology MCQs