Sialoadenitis



Sialoadenitis is inflammation of the salivary glands. They can be divided into:


 * 1) imunosialoadenitis;
 * 2) infectious sialoadenitis;
 * 3) * bacterial;
 * 4) * viral;
 * 5) * specific ( syphilis, tuberculosis, actinomycosis );
 * 6) radiation sialoadenitis.

Immunosialoadenitis
This group of salivary gland diseases includes the so-called myoepithelial sialoadenitis, which is an autoimmune disease that occurs as part of Sjögren's syndrome.


 * Clinically, the disease is manifested by a typical triad: rheumatoid arthritis, xerophthalmia, xerostomia.
 * In a salivary gland affected by myoepithelial sialoadenitis, the risk of malignant lymphoma is several times higher.
 * We administer immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.

Acute viral sialoadenitis
Acute viral sialoadenitis is caused by the mumps virus (mumps), which belongs to the so-called paramyxoviruses, possibly another sialotrope virus.


 * It often occurs in childhood.
 * In addition to gl. the parotid gland can also affect the CNS, testicles, ovaries, pancreas or auditory nerve.
 * Treatment is symptomatic.

Acute bacterial sialoadenitis
This is an acute bacterial inflammation of the gl. parotid or gl. submandibularis. It often occurs during dehydration as an ascending ductal infection.


 * The inflammation is monoglandular and occurs unilaterally.
 * Symptoms are swelling, pain, dysfunction, saliva is viscous to purulent. Resistance can be felt.
 * The disease can be complicated by the formation of an abscess, which must then be treated surgically.
 * Treatment consists of rehydration and application of ATB.

Chronic fibroproductive sialoadenitis
Affects gl. submandibularis. It is a chronic fibroproductive inflammation, which is clinically manifested by an enlarged and stiff submandibular gland. The disease is sometimes inappropriately referred to as the so-called Küttner's tumor.


 * Treatment consists in extirpation of the gland.

Chronic recurrent parotitis (Morbus Payen; Parotitis recidivans)
It is a chronic bacterial inflammation of the gl. parotis, which has a typical paroxysmal course. The periods between attacks are asymptomatic.


 * It occurs mainly in childhood (between the ages of 1 and 14), and usually disappears in puberty.
 * The disease has a characteristic sialographic picture. The entire gland is permeated by a number of round cysts that enlarge into irregular cisterns during the course of the disease.
 * At the time of the attack, we treat with antibiotics.

Sialoadenitis from radiation
It is a pathological condition manifested within 24 hours after exposure to ionizing radiation. Its severity depends on the dose of radiation, after a few days it may return to its original state.


 * There is edema and necrosis of the acini, the parenchyma of the gland atrophies, the epithelium becomes metaplastic or atypically proliferates.
 * Interstitial fibrosis is present.
 * The disease is part of oral mucositis.
 * Treatment consists of saliva replacement.

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