Hand, Foot, Mouth syndrome

Hand, foot, mouth syndrome is an enterovirus disease characterized by aphthous stomatitis and rash on the acral parts of the body (palms of the hands and soles of the feet).

General characteristics

 * Originators: enteroviruses (mainly Coxsackie A16, Enterovirus 71, or Coxsackie virus B2 and B5).
 * Source and transmission: droplet and orofecal route.
 * Incubation time: 3–6 days.
 * Seasonal occurrence: maximum occurrence in the summer months.
 * High contagion - siblings are often sick.

Clinical picture
Prodromes may be absent or non-specific symptoms may appear: fever(38 to 39 ° C), sore throat and abdomen. Subsequently, the disease itself manifests itself: Exanthematous blisters appear more extensor areas than above limb flexors. The blisters then turn into crusts and erosion with a red rim can itch.
 * aphthous stomatitis - aphthae in the oral cavity;
 * rash on the distal limbs, palms, soles, dorsum of the hands and feet;
 * fever lasting approximately 2 days.

Differential diagnosis
In a patient with hand-foot-mouth syndrome, we also consider the following diseases:
 * chickenpox,
 * impetigo,
 * herpetic gingivostomatitis,
 * herpangina,
 * Kawasaki syndrome.

Diagnosis, therapy, prognosis
We monitor clinical signs and examine them as confirmation enterovirus serology. Patients are usually treated for 10 days, the therapy is only symptomatic. The disease often goes without complications, theoretically, serous meningitis could occur.

Source

 * ROZSYPAL, Hanus. Basics of infectious medicine. 1st edition. Prague: Karolinum, 2015. 566 pp.  ISBN 978-80-246-2932-2

Reference

 * KELBLEROVÁ, Aneta. Infectious exanthematous diseases in childhood. Pediatrics for practice [online] . 2009, vol. 10, pp. 176-179, also available from < https://www.pediatriepropraxi.cz/ >. ISSN 1803-5264.