Portal:Questions for Final Examination in Physiology (1LF, D)

The cell

 * 1) The cell (cell membrane, nucleus, organelles, function)
 * 2) Transport across cell membranes
 * 3) Ionic currents underlying membrane potentials
 * 4) Contraction in skeletal muscle
 * 5) Sensory transduction
 * 6) Tissue maintenance

Body fluids

 * 1) Homeostasis
 * 2) The blood
 * 3) The blood cells
 * 4) Hemostasis
 * 5) Blood groups
 * 6) Mechanisms of immunity

Blood circulation

 * 1) Electrical activity of the heart
 * 2) The normal electrocardiogram
 * 3) Events of the cardiac cycle
 * 4) Function of cardiac valves, heart sounds
 * 5) Cardiac output, regulation
 * 6) Blood pressure in the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins
 * 7) Exchange of materials in capillaries
 * 8) Control of the cardiac output
 * 9) Control of the blood pressure
 * 10) Control of the blood volume
 * 11) Control of the regional blood flow
 * 12) Fetal and neonatal circulation
 * 13) The coronary circulation
 * 14) The circulation of the lungs
 * 15) Cerebral circulation
 * 16) Splanchnic circulation

The Respiratory System

 * 1) Ventilation
 * 2) Diffusion and transport of respiratory gases
 * 3) Transport of oxygen in blood
 * 4) Transport of carbon dioxide in blood
 * 5) Control of respiration
 * 6) pH regulation in body fluids

The Digestive System

 * 1) Motility of the gastrointestinal system
 * 2) Chewing and swallowing
 * 3) Secretion in the gastrointestinal system
 * 4) Digestion
 * 5) Absorption in the gastrointestinal system
 * 6) Functions of the liver
 * 7) Metabolism of nutrients
 * 8) Temperature regulation

The excretory system

 * 1) The physiology of the skin
 * 2) Glomerular filtration, its regulation
 * 3) Processing of the filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules
 * 4) Control of extracellular fluid osmolality
 * 5) Control of extracellular fluid volume, sodium and potassium balance
 * 6) Body acid-base state and its regulation
 * 7) Renal regulation of the acid-base balance
 * 8) Micturition

The endocrine system

 * 1) Mechanisms of cell signaling
 * 2) The adrenocortical hormones
 * 3) Growth hormone, growth factors, and control of the body growth
 * 4) Regulation of the carbohydrate metabolism
 * 5) Hypothalamo-hypophyseal relations
 * 6) The thyroid hormones secretion and its regulation
 * 7) The adrenal medulla
 * 8) Stress and emergency reaction
 * 9) Control of the calcium and phosphate balance
 * 10) Hormones of the anterior pituitary
 * 11) Neurohypophyseal hormones
 * 12) Endocrine and biological rhythms
 * 13) Reproductive and hormonal functions of the male
 * 14) Reproductive and hormonal functions of the female
 * 15) The ovarian cycle
 * 16) Physiology of pregnancy
 * 17) Fetal and neonatal physiology

Principles of neurophysiology

 * 1) Structure and function of nerve cells
 * 2) Membrane potentials
 * 3) Synaptic transmission
 * 4) Integration activity of neurons
 * 5) Reflex arc, classification of reflexes
 * 6) Milieu of the central nervous system

The motor system

 * 1) Physiology of the muscle contraction
 * 2) The neural control of movements
 * 3) Muscle tone and its control
 * 4) Motor functions of the spinal cord, brain stem, basal ganglia and the cerebellum
 * 5) Cortical control of motor functionsp

The autonomic nervous system

 * 1) Characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic action

The sensory physiology

 * 1) Signal transformation in receptor cells and coding
 * 2) Somatic sensations
 * 3) Perception of pain
 * 4) Function of the auditory system
 * 5) The vestibular apparatus
 * 6) Function of the visual system
 * 7) The sense of taste and smell

Integrative function of the CNS

 * 1) Function of the spinal cord
 * 2) Function of the limbic system
 * 3) Function of the cerebral cortex
 * 4) Intellectual functions of the brain, language
 * 5) Mechanism of learning and memory
 * 6) Waking and sleeping
 * 7) Bioelectrical activity of the CNS