Educational psychology

Characteristics of educational psychology
Pedagogical psychology is a frontier scientific discipline (it draws knowledge from psychology and pedagogy) investigating the regularities of the educational process. Ladislav Ďurič characterizes educational psychology as the science of psychological regularities of the permanent and cyclical process of education and upbringing of children and adults.

Subject of interest

 * Peculiarities of personality development in connection with the educational process;
 * psychological problems of the teaching process (including the learning process), the effectiveness of didactic procedures, motivation in teaching in connection with the interests and needs of pupils;
 * problems of cognitive activity and its development in the educational process;
 * the basics of education (it concerns moral, aesthetic, intellectual, free, emotional education);
 * problems of the student collective (school classes, formation, development of the class, relationships in the class and their influence on individuals, peculiarities of the socialization process);
 * peculiarities of relationships between teachers, pupils and their parents.

Use in practice

 * Questions of getting to know pupils - children and adults,
 * peculiarities of individual developmental stages of personality in relation to education and training,
 * problems of the teaching process, the effectiveness of didactic procedures, motivation in the pedagogical process - the importance of needs,
 * problems of cognitive activity and its development in VEP,
 * problems of physical, intellectual, aesthetic, free, moral, emotional education, problems of discipline,
 * problems of the collective, group – its formation, development, direction,
 * the influence of the basic factors of development on personality – heredity, environment, education, self-education,
 * mechanisms of socialization, learning.

Observation

 * Random – on many occasions - during teaching, outside of teaching, how the patient behaves in the ward and, for example, in the buffet (outside the ward - for examination).
 * Systematic – in learning and teaching research, in departmental research - the researcher observes predetermined phenomena. Prepare a recording sheet in advance, where it is prescribed what to observe. It is possible to capture events with a camera or tape recorder - the consent of the observed persons is required. The researcher can act as a disruptive factor in the department, in the classroom, before the children get used to him.

Interview

 * Guided – create a sequence of questions in advance; it is necessary to ensure in advance a trustworthy environment, atmosphere, calmness.
 * Free – taking a nursing history, interviewing the child, parents, teachers.

The course of the interview is recorded, the question is when - during the interview (disruption of the client or patient), after the end the researcher may forget a lot of important information. Knowing the person's name in advance, clearly formulated questions that correspond to the age of the interviewee. Appropriate reactions to the patient's answers.

Experiment

 * We deliberately and plannedly intervene in the investigated events in order to get to know them better.
 * Laboratory experiment – takes place in a laboratory, where it is easier to control the conditions of the experiment. Useful for researching two groups that we want to compare.
 * Experiment in natural conditions – during teaching - experimental teaching, introduction of new teaching methods, new ways of treating wounds. Ex. experimental and classic class, treating wounds in traditional ways and using new tools. The groups are compared.
 * The experiment can be repeated. It must not harm the examined person. Experimentation helps build new theories and test hypotheses.

Speech analysis

 * From the questionnaire, interview, written texts - style, observation. These are subjective data, dependent on the individual who speaks or writes.

Questionnaire

 * We survey more respondents in a short period of time and get a lot of research material.
 * The questionnaire must be professionally prepared, it is necessary to ask reasonable questions, a maximum of 20 items, so as not to discourage the respondent.
 * Disadvantage – the return of questionnaires, which must be thought through in advance.
 * Ex. from practice – patient satisfaction questionnaires in hospitals.

Analysis of activity results

 * For pupils - we observe children's characteristics - patience, perseverance, for sick people, reactions to communicated information, behavior analysis

Standardizované psychodiagnostické metody

 * IQ questionnaires, questionnaires to determine the patient's personality – they have precise instructions, which the psychologist must follow - how long to fill in, how to evaluate. A clinical psychologist works with these tools. Educational and Psychological Counselling.

Projective techniques

 * Rorschach Test – Clinical Psychologist. 10 tables with ink blots - the client puts his nature, imagination into the blots.
 * Family drawing – Clinical Psychologist. 10 tables with ink blots - the client puts his nature, imagination into the blots.
 * Completing unfinished sentences – the client projects his plans, repressed feelings, motives.

Cross-sectional research

 * Ex. a questionnaire of the same type will be filled out by many students - for example, how many students go on part-time work in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd year. It is a cross-section for an overview at a given time.

Longitudinal research

 * It tracks people for several years. It is limited to a certain number of people, no more.

Related Articles

 * Teacher in class
 * Personality formation
 * Rewards and punishments in education
 * Disadvantage of the pupil
 * The relationship between teacher and student