Minerals in food

Calcium
It is about 1200 g in the body, mainly in the bones. Its serum concentration of  'is 2.4-2.7 mmol / l'  and is due to a balance between absorption from food, excretion urine and storage (release) in the bones. Its metabolism is regulated by PTH, thyroid hormones and adrenal hormones, sex hormones and  vitamin D. Calcium function in the body: Calcium is part of bone and teeth, reduces neuromuscular excitability, is important for the proper functioning of the cardiac conduction system, necessary for clotting, is important in the prevention of  colorectal cancer (bile acid binding). Calcium source: milk and dairy products, cereals, legumes, vegetables, poppies, hard drinking water. Daily requirement: 800 mg / day, in pregnant and lactating women 1800 mg / day. The result is osteomalacia, osteoporosis, rickets, increases neuromuscular excitability, tachycardia, blood clotting disorders, increases the risk of colon cancer.
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Phosphorus
Together with calcium, it forms a skeleton and dental tissue, is part of phospholipids, phosphoproteins, nucleic acids, enzymes and a carrier of macroergic bonds. The level of phosphoric acid in the blood is normally 0.65-1.62 mmol / l; Milk and dairy products, yeast, meat (parenchyma, organs), legumes. 1200 mg / day. Isolated phosphorus deficiency is virtually non-existent. Mostly, its deficiency is associated with a lack of calcium, which results in diseases such as osteoporosis, rickets, imbalance of biotransformation processes, disorders of energy transfer.
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Magnesium
Mg is an important intracellular cation, part of many enzyme systems, reduces neuromuscular irritation. The level of magnesium in the blood is in the range of 0.66-0.94 mmol / l; Vegetables (part of chlorophyll), potatoes, legumes. 300-400 mg / day. Damage and spasms of the vascular wall, disorders of elasticity membranes, increases neuromuscular excitability,  tetanie, increases sensitivity to noise stimuli.
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Sodium (EC) and potassium (IC)
They maintain equilibrium osmotic conditions. Sodium is found in table salt and salted dishes.
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Potassium can be found in vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts. Potassium: 2.5-4.0 g.
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Sodium: daily intake should not exceed 5 g. The cause is a lack of fluids and their loss through sweating, diarrhea, manifestations - dehydration, hypotension, apathy, convulsions. At + - hypertension, stomach cancer (with excessive salt intake) - irritates the gastric mucosa, increases cell proliferation and facilitates the action of carcinogens from food.
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K + - decreased heart rate, slowed neuromuscular activity, high intake reduces BP.

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 * Carbohydrates in food
 * Proteins in food
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 * Contaminants in food
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