Haematoma

Hematoma (also haematoma, haematoma) is the outflow of blood extravascularly. It irritates its surroundings and can provoke local inflammation, which will cause swelling and other pain. The hematoma itself may have different developments. The severity of the consequence ranges from minimal to life-threatening. Location and size are important aspects as they vary in severity, method of diagnosis and treatment.

Etiology
The etiology of extravascular blood flow is trauma (including bone fractures and joint distortions) or the blood gets extravascularly spontaneously (aneurysm, infectious disease, vitamin K and / or C deficiency, anticoagulant therapy, congenital blood clotting disorders, etc.).

Hematoma development over time
The model is the surface type of hematoma. In the beginning, it has a bloody to blue color. Later, hemoglobin (to choleglobin and verdoglobin) begins to decompose. The result is a gradual darkening of the hematoma until it turns greenish. Subsequently, biliverdin is formed, which is converted to bilirubin. Eventually, the hematoma is absorbed, disappears, and if there is no more serious damage to the surrounding tissues (eg skin), it heals per primam - ie without consequences.

At the microscopic level, resorption and so-called granulation tissue organization take place (to a greater or lesser extent). However, the development may have its specifics according to the location, severity of bleeding and local anatomical and physiological conditions (eg the development of a posthemorrhagic pseudocyst or posthemorrhagic hygroma).

Dividing by size

 * petechiae - the smallest spotted bleeding
 * ecchymosis - larger than 3 cm
 * suffusion - more extensive bleeding into the skin and / or subcutaneous tissue
 * purpura - this term means extensive but spotted bleeding

Division by location

 * epidural
 * subdural
 * subarachnoid
 * hematomyelia
 * spectacular hematoma
 * retroauricular hematoma
 * intramuscular
 * hemarthrosis
 * at the fracture site
 * hemoperitoneum
 * hemosalpinx
 * hematometer
 * hematokolpos
 * hemothorax
 * hemopericardium

In newborns (birth trauma)

 * birth tumor (caput succedaneum)
 * kefalhematom
 * hematomas of the abrupt parts
 * subcapsular hepatic hematoma

Related Articles

 * Anticoagulant treatment
 * Bleeding