Acute coronary syndrome

Hypoxia
= decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissue • various causes: e.g. hypoxic hypoxia: low partial pressure of oxygen in the air (mountains); strangled; obstructive / restrictive lung disease - the lungs are unable to supply the blood with oxygen • decreased perfusion =} hypoxia is part of ischemia (ischemic hypoxia) • in hypoxia, the cell's metabolism changes to anaerobic metabolism =} lactate production

Hypoxemia = decrease in partial pressure of oxygen in arteries

Ischemia =} the cause of ischemia is decreased tissue perfusion, ischemia means that there is a decrease in oxygen + decrease in nutrients + excess metabolites in the tissue • ischemia = is + chemistry = scattered chemistry of one or another tissue • ischemia = a reversible process - cells suffer but still survive • ischemia is normal in the body • takes place in any tissue that is dependent on blood supply (liver, intestines, heart, lungs, brain, muscles) • the clinical correlate of myocardial ischemia is angina pectoris (angina pectoris = tight chest pain arising from the ischemic myocardium) • if we have ischemia somewhere =} the pH in the tissue drops and metabolites accumulate =} in the tissue we have free nerve endings and these are irritated by the reduced pH and we perceive it as pain