Complications of otitis media

Due to available medical care and antibiotics, the incidence of mesotitis complications is relatively low. They most often arise as a complication of 'chronic mesotitis with cholesteatoma.

An infection can "'spread'" from the middle ear in several ways:
 * 1) by innate preformed paths;
 * 2) obtained by preformed paths;
 * 3) usuri in the bone;
 * 4) in osteothrombophlebitis.

In general, complications can be divided into:
 * otological';
 * intracranial.

Petrositida

 * This is inflammation of the glomeruli of the pyramid' and the formation of an abscessed deposit. Nowadays, this complication occurs only rarely.
 * Clinically, we describe the so-called Gradenig syndrome, which includes fever, otorrhea, retrobulbar pain and diplopia.
 * 'CT is mainly used in diagnostics.
 * Treatment consists of the administration of antibiotics, in case of failure, surgical intervention can be performed (mastoidectomy, 'petrosectomy).

Paresis of the facial nerve

 * In an acute infection, the nervus facialis is damaged by toxins'.
 * In a chronic infection, the nervus facialis is compressed by a cholesteatoma'.
 * In both cases it is a peripheral facial nerve paresis.

Labyrinthitis
We distinguish 3 forms of labyrinthitis':
 * 1) Perilabyrinthitis: In perilabyrinthitis, the cholesteatoma damages the bony capsule of the labyrinth and creates a labyrinthine fistula, which can be visualized by HRCT. The inner ear is not infected. The dominant symptom is vertigo.
 * 2) Serous labyrinthitis: As a result of the penetration of microorganisms or their toxins into the inner ear, a reversible inflammation occurs. Clinical symptoms include tinnitus, hypacusia (perceptual defect).
 * 3) Suppurative labyrinthitis: It is caused by the penetration of virulent microorganisms into the inner ear. The clinical picture' is severe - severe vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, vomitus, nystagmus, balance disorders. The great danger lies in the possibility of the infection spreading to the brain and cerebellum - the condition needs to be dealt with immediately (ATB, labyrinthectomy). The inevitable consequence of the disease is 'deafness.

Residues post otitis media

 * Atrophy, atelectasis of the tympanic membrane, calcareous incrustations, perforation.

Intracranial complications
Intracranial complications include:
 * meningitis;
 * 'thrombophlebitis of the ace-shaped raft
 * usually a complication of mastoiditis, first a perisinusoidal abscess develops, then a mural thrombus, which becomes infected and spreads retrogradely and anterogradely,
 * leads to bacteremia and the formation of secondary abscesses in the lungs, endocardium and brain,
 * treatment is surgical - mastoidectomy and removal of the float;
 * epidural or brain abscess,
 * subdural empyema.

Related Articles

 * Classification of otitis media
 * Facial nerve paresis/PGS/diagnosis