Regular vaccinations in Czech republic

In the Czech Republic, regular vaccination currently covers the following diseases (Decree 299/2010 Coll.):


 * diphtheria (diphtheria) - since 1946,
 * tetanus - since 1952,
 * whooping cough (pertussis) - since 1958,
 * transmissible poliomyelitis - since 1958,
 * measles (morbilli) - since 1969,
 * rubella - since 1982,
 * mumps (parotitis epidemica) - since 1985,
 * viral hepatitis B - since 2001,
 * diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae group b - since 2001.

Since 2010, vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) has only been given to children at risk of exposure to TB (details below).

Hexavaccine
'''Since January 2018, there is a change in the hexavaccine schedule from 3+1 to 2+1. The first dose is administered from the 9th week of age, the second one 2 months after the first one, that is approximately in the 4th month and the third one, the booster, between the 11th and 13th month of age. For vaccination of premature infants, the 3+1 scheme applies.'''

Diphtheria (D), tetanus (T), whooping cough (P), hepatitis B (HBV), poliomyelitis (IPV), Haemophillus influenzae type B (Hib) are vaccinated simultaneously with combination vaccines.

Hexavaccine (Hexacima&reg;, Infarix hexa&reg; only for premature, vaccinated Contains:


 * anatoxins of diphtheria and tetanus;
 * (acellular) Bordetella pertussis antigens: anatoxin, haemagglutinin and pertactin;
 * recombinant HBsAg (rDNA Antigenum tegiminis hepatitidis B);
 * (inactivated) poliomyelitis virus (types 1-3);
 * adsorbed conjugated polysaccharide vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Other vaccines contain combinations of fewer components, for example diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, haemophilus (Infanrix Hib&reg;), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis only (Infanrix&reg;), a separate HBV vaccine (e.g. All vaccines are administered intramuscularly (anterolateral upper thigh, from 15 months onwards also deltoid muscle), polio can be administered subcutaneously.

Basic vaccination schedule according to Decree No. 299/2010 Coll. for hexavaccines consists in administration of three doses.


 * First dose is vaccinated at the time from the beginning of the 9th week, ideally in the 3rd month. For children vaccinated against tuberculosis, the basic vaccination with the hexavalent vaccine shall be given from the 13th week after birth, but always after the post-vaccination reaction after tuberculosis vaccination has healed.
 * The second and third doses are administered during the first year of the child's life with an interval of 2 months and 6 months between doses.

Since January 1, 2018, the hexavaccine has been vaccinated again in a 2+1 schedule because the 3+1 schedule did not increase seroprevalence in children 1-5 years, reduced persistence of seroprevalence in older children, and also appears to have contributed to the increase in pertussis in the 1990s and turn of the millennium. The original 3+1 scheme remained recommended only for premature babies.

Vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and polio
Re-vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough is carried out with a vaccine against these infections (Infanrix&reg;) from the age of 5 to the age of 6, together with the administration of the fifth dose of inactivated transmissible polio vaccine from the age of 10 to 11.

At 12 years of age, children who have not been vaccinated before are vaccinated against HBV.

Tetanus vaccination shall be given from the age of 25 years until the age of 26 years, and every 10-15 years thereafter.

Measles, rubella and mumps vaccination (MMR)
Measles, rubella, mumps is vaccinated with a triple combination vaccine containing attenuated viruses (Priorix&reg;) or a quadruple combination (Priorix-tetra&reg;) which also contains an attenuated varicella virus. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously.

The basic vaccination is given with a live vaccine no earlier than 13th month (up to 18th month) after the birth of the child. The reason for not vaccinating with this vaccine until after the first year is, among other things, that it is adversely affected by the presence of maternal IgG antibodies in the child's serum. These have entered transplacentally and persist for the first 6 months. However, it seems that in some cases they can persist for a year. In this case, the vaccination would be ineffective.

Vaccination schedules are adjusted according to the result of monitoring vaccination coverage and immunity verification after vaccination in a representative sample of the population.

Tuberculosis vaccination
Universal vaccination of newborns was carried out in the Czech Republic between 1953 and 2010. Decree No. 299/2010 abolished regular vaccination against TB as of 1 November 2010. This vaccination is now exclusively for children and adults at increased risk of tuberculosis. For newborn babies, it is indicated by a doctor at the neonatal unit or a general practitioner for children and adolescents on the basis of anamnestic information from the child's legal representative, and the vaccination takes place at calmetisation centres. The basic vaccination consists of 1 dose of vaccine. Vaccination above 12 months of age does not usually result in protection against tuberculosis, so no vaccination is given at this age.

Indications for vaccination against tuberculosis (Decree No. 537/2006 Coll.):


 * One or both of the child's parents or a sibling of the child or a member of the household in which the child lives had/has active tuberculosis.
 * The child, one or both of the child's parents or a sibling of the child, or a member of the household in which the child lives, was born or has continuously resided for more than 3 months in a country with a tuberculosis incidence higher than 40 cases per 100 000 population.
 * The child has been in contact with a TB patient.
 * Investigation for TB has been carried out on persons with whom the child has been in contact.

Countries with higher TB incidence (according to the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, February 2017): in Europe, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Romania, Russia and Ukraine. In Asia: all Asian countries except Bahrain, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates. In Africa: all African countries except Egypt, Comoros, Libya, Mauritius, Seychelles and Tunisia. In the Americas: Bolivia, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay and Peru. In Australia and Oceania: Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.

Vaccination against pneumococcal infections

 * conjugated polysaccharide vaccine (Prevenar13&reg;, Synflorix&reg; - 10 serotypes) - voluntary vaccination from 2 months, 3+1 or 2+1 schedule;
 * polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumo23&reg;) - from 2 years of age, especially for the elderly.

Rotavirus vaccination

 * live vaccine (Rotarix&reg;, Rotateq&reg;) - voluntary vaccination of infants from 6 weeks to 8 months, orally 2 or 3 doses with an interval of 1-2 months, preferably vaccinated outside the winter months (rotavirus infection season).

Related articles

 * Active immunization • Passive immunization • Simultaneous mixed immunization
 * Specific immunity • Non-specific immunity
 * Division of vaccination in Czech republic

Source




[[Category:Microbiology]