Craniofacial syndromes

Treacher-Collins syndrome (dysostosis mandibulofacialis)

 * Autosomal dominant inheritance
 * antimongoloid course of eye slits, colobomas of the eyelids, hypolasia of the maxilla + mandible, bite disorders, macrostoma, bird profile, deformation of the auricles, developmental disorders of the middle ear, possibly also of the inner ear

Pierre-Robin syndrome

 * it is not hereditary
 * cleft palate, hypoplasia of the mandible, sunken tongue during retrognacy → difficulty breathing and swallowing → breathing control required from birth / nasal intubation / "floating plate" palatal plate / suturing the base of the tongue into the vestibule of the lower lip sec Douglas. Micrognathia is definitively solved by osteodistraction of the mandible.

Progressive hemifacial atrophy

 * slowly progressing atrophy of the soft tissues of 1 side of the face
 * affects skin, subcutaneous tissue, later also muscles and skeleton
 * starts around age 20
 * most likely caused by sympathetic damage → vasoconstriction, lipolysis, tissue atrophy



Klippel-Feil syndrome (brevicollis)

 * it is not hereditary
 * without mental disability
 * short neck with low-set hairline, deformity + fusion of C vertebrae, Pterygium colli, cleft palate, deformity of the auricles

Dysmorphia otofaciocervicalis

 * anomalies of the outer, middle and inner ear, hypoplasia of the maxillozygomatic complex, cervical fistula, hypoplasia of the neck muscles → decrease in the arm girdle + pseudopterygium

Dysmorphia palpebroorbitalis

 * Ptosis of the upper eyelids, hypoplasia of the upper + lower eyelids, phimosis of the orbital fissure, epicantha, flattening of the supraorbital landscape, confluent eyebrows

Dysmorphia craniocarpotarsalis ("whistling face" syndrome)

 * narrowing of all facial meats (mouth, nasal passages, eye slits, ear canals), anomalies of orbital structures, ptosis of upper eyelids, hypoplasia of upper + lower eyelids, epicantha, strabismus, enophthalmus, small nose, flattening of cheekbones, high philtrum, Gothic palate, arthrogryposis, pes equinovarus, umbilical hernia + inguinal hernia, scoliosis, skin defects, hyperhidrosis and other

Defect of skull cap and amniotic strangulation

 * partial defect of hard and soft coverings of the top of the head + amniotic strangulation, possibly loss of fingers or entire limbs

Sedláček's syndrome

 * syndrome of developmental shortening of the palate
 * palatolalia, wide nasal root, narrow eye slits, narrowed nasal and auditory canal entrances, hypomimia, short upper lip, short hypoplastic pinnae, mental retardation, cleft palate and others