Hemolytic anaemia

The cause is the breakdown of erythrocytes' (hemolysis – intra- or extravascular). characters:
 * general signs Hemolysis,
 * noticeable hypercellularity of bone marrow (it fills all the marrow spaces - even places where the marrow is fatty in an adult),
 * change normal ratio of granulo- and erythropoiesis (3:1) in favor of erythropoiesis,
 * sometimes we also encounter extramedullary hematopoiesis' (liver, spleen) - erythrocyte production increases up to eight times (there are numerous reticulocytes in the blood, but the lifespan of such erythrocytes is significantly reduced - only for 15 days) - compensated anemia, the number of erythrocytes is, however, very sensitive to the reduction of erythrocyte production (e.g. by a common infectious disease) - then a so-called aplastic crisis'' occurs,
 * extravascular hemolysis is characterized by a ``hemosiderosis of macrophages, some of which accumulate lipids from disintegrated erythrocytes and thus resemble lipophages in Gaucher's disease - the so-called gaucheroid cells.

Division
 * Hemolytic anemia corpuscular
 * mostly congenital
 * erythrocyte membrane disorders: hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (acquired disease);
 * erythrocyte metabolism disorders: enzyme defects pentose cycle (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, glutathione reductase), enzyme defects Embden -Meyerhof cycle (hexokinase defect, pyruvate kinase deficiency);
 * hemoglobinopathy: thalassemia, sickle cell anemia.
 * Hemolytic anemia extracorpuscular
 * 'damage by physical and toxic influences (mechanical, thermal, bacterial toxins, malaria);
 * antibody damage': autoantibodies, anti-Rh-factor antibodies (fetal erythroblastosis), isoagglutinins (post-transfusion hemolytic reactions).

Related articles

 * Anemie • Anémie (pediatrie)