Voltage measurement

The electric voltage U is defined as the difference of electric potentials between two points of the conductor. Depending on the course of time, we distinguish voltage into direct current (the potential difference does not change its orientation) or alternating current (polarity is a periodic function of time).

To measure the voltage, we use voltmeters (1V = 1J/1C) which we connect in parallel to the measured circuit. An ideal voltmeter should have infinite internal resistance. When measuring alternating current voltage, we must distinguish between instantaneous, maximum, effective and mean voltage values.

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