Odontogenic tumors

Odontogenic tumors are tumors arising from the dental lamina or its derivatives.

They make up only 1% of oral cavity tumors.

Odontogenic tumors are divided into epithelial, mesenchymal, and mixed.

Ameloblastoma
Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor. It is usually benign but often recurs. It is a cystic poorly circumscribed mass. It grows destructively.

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor

 * The so-called Pindborg tumor
 * slow, locally invasive growth
 * localization in the molar and premolar region (mandible)
 * arises in connection with a routinized tooth
 * usually no problems, just a painless swelling of the jaw
 * on X-ray as cystic clearing
 * formation of eosinophilic hyaline amyloid-like spherical formations that may calcify
 * tumor cells connected by IC bridges, folding into beams
 * polymorphic cores
 * recurrences with incomplete removal

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor

 * affects young individuals (up to 20 years)
 * more often in the maxilla
 * it is made up of polyhedral epithelial cells, which in some places differentiate into cylindrical cells

Mesenchymal odontogenic tumors
These are cementomas. They arise from cementoblasts. They are characterized by the presence of islands of cement in fibrous structures.

We divide them into four types:


 * real cement
 * cementing fibroma,
 * gigantiform cement,
 * periapical cemental dysplasia.

Mixed odontogenic tumors
Mixed odontogenic tumors contain both epithelial and mesenchymal components.

Ameloblastic fibroma

 * benign, rare
 * grows slowly, enlarges the jaw (more often the mandible)
 * frequent occurrence in the landscape of canines and molars
 * grows centrally in the bone, grows expansively (the cortex often disappears completely)
 * sometimes relapses
 * on X-ray it looks like a circumscribed clearing
 * formed by proliferating epithelium, surrounded by mesenchymal tissue

Related Articles

 * Odontoma
 * Ameloblastoma
 * cement