LF3 Pathophysiology exam questions 2020


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2.	Acid-base balance disturbances, overview
COPD

6.	Arrhythmias - overview
Sinus and supraventricular rhythms

Extrasystole

AV blocks

7.	Balance disturbances: Na, K (regulation, losses, consequences)
E.g.: Hyperaldosteronism

Secondary hyperaldosteronism

Addison's disease

SIADH

Hypernatremia - 3 patients

8.	Blood gas transport disorder – overview
Hypoxia - table

O2 delivery formula:

9.	Blood pressure regulation and its disorders
e.g.: Primary hyperaldosteronism

Secondary hyperaldosteronism

Shock - table

Do not forget neuropathies, where also ANS can be impaired...

12.	Causes and consequences of arterial hypertension
e.g.: Primary hyperaldosteronism

Secondary hyperaldosteronism

13.	Causes and consequences of hypoventilation
Respiratory acidosis

Hypoxia - table

Hypoxic hypoxia - V/Q mismatch

Cyanosis

17.	Causes of arrhythmia (extra- and intracardial)
E.g.

21.	Conduction abnormalities in the heart
AV blocks

22.	Disorders of consciousness (general mechanisms of origin, brain death)
Consciousness - quantity

Consciousness - quality

tLOC

Prolonged loss of consciousness

Brain death

23.	Consequences of acute and chronic bleeding (compensation)
Acute bleeding

e.g. circulatory shock

e.g. sideropenic anemia as a consequence of chronic bleeding

e.g. definition of anemia

26.	Dehydration (types, causes and consequences)
isotonic dehydration

hypotonic dehydration

hypertonic dehydration

27.	Hyperglycemia (causes and consequences)
e.g. in Cushing's disease https://www.wikilectures.eu/w/Cushing%27s_disease

29.	Disorders of heart signal generation
Sinus and supraventricular = atrial rhythm

Extrasystole

30.	Distributive shock, mechanisms, compensation
Septic table

37.	Glycaemia, its regulation and disorders
https://www.wikilectures.eu/w/Cushing%27s_disease

40.	Hyperhydration (types, causes and consequences)
isotonic hyperhydration

hypotonic hyperhydration

hypertonic hyperhydration

44.	Hypoxic hypoxia (causes and consequences)
Hypoxia - table

Hypoxic hypoxia - V/Q mismatch

Cyanosis

45.	Hypoxic hypoxia; compensation and adaptation; mountain sickness
e.g. Hypoxia - table

Hypoxic hypoxia - V/Q mismatch

Cyanosis

47.	Hypoxias (causes and types)
Hypoxias - table

52.	Types and causes of syncope
Syncope - types - tLOC

53.	Lung gas exchange disorder (ventilation, diffusion, V/Q ratio)
e.g. https://www.wikilectures.eu/w/Obstructive_and_restrictive_lung_diseases

66.	Respiratory ABB disturbances
COPD