Histology/Final Exam Tips

Introduction:

This page is dedicated to first year students who whould like to assess their knowledge for the histology final exam.

Practise quiz: { Embryology - What surrounds the yolk sac? - chorion - amnion + extraembryonic cavity=chorionic cavity - epiblast which then gives rise to all 3 germ layers
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{ Embryology - What does splanchnopleure and somatopleure surround + primitive body cavity - secondary body cavity - primary yolk sac - secondary yolk sac
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 * viz. Langman 14th ed - page 97

{ Special histology - Where can you find respiratory epithelium? - alveoli - tongue + bronchi -plumonary vessels
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{ Special histology - What’s the main function of the epithelium in gallbladder? +resorption -secretion -no specific function -moving the bile
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{ Special histology - What isn’t a part of the membraneous labyrinth -superior semicircular duct -saccule +cochlea -canalis reuniens
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{ Special histology - What is NOT the function of endothelial cells -secretion -preventing hemocoagulation +production of ADH -regulation of vasoconstriction
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{ Special histology - Which structure is lined by visceral pleura +lung -rectum -stomach -pancreas
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{ General histology - What can NOT be considered as a function of mitochondrial matrix -citric acid cycle -oxidative phosphorylation +lactic acid cycle -transport of H+ ions
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{ Special histology - What cytoskeleton does a neuron contain +microtubules -phospholipid bilayers -Na+/K+ ATP-ase -Na+/K+ pumps
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{ Special histology - How many axons do oligodendrocytes myelinize -none -1 +more than 1 -CNS axons
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{ Embryology - Where is the fetal fluid (Amniotic fluid)? -chorion +amnion -allantois -primitive body cavity
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{ Special histology - Pia mater surrounds which structure bellow? +neural tissue -dura mater -ventricles -maxillary artery
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{ Special histology - What is dura mater mainly made of? -nervous tissue -loose connective tissue +dense connective tissue -reticular fibers
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{ Embryology - In which part of placenta is mother’s blood? -chorionic plate +intervillous space -perimetrium -chorionic villi
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{ General histology - What is not the function of gER? -transport of proteins +transport of lipids -transport of vesicles -intake of proteins produced by adhaerent ribozomes
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{ Special histology - Which type of tisue are hepatocytes? -trabecular +epithelial -digestive -connective
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{ General histology - Which structure produces ECM? -fibrocytes +fibroblasts -reticular fibers -hepatocytes
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{ General histology - What is untrue about basophiles? -their granules have a negative charge -their diameter ranges aproximately 9-11μm -their main function is comparable to the function of mast cells +the physiological ammount of circulating basophiles is around 5-8%
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{ General histology - What is true about neutrophiles? +they are also known as PMNL (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) -their diameter ranges from 8-10μm -the physiological ammount of circulating neutrophiles is around 8-10% -they protect us from parasites
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{ General histology - Which one of the following describes the plasmatic membrane the best? -rigid structure +fluid mosaic -fragile structure -permeable membrane
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{ Embryology - What is placenta praevia? -early stage of placenta -late stage of placenta -a part of placenta +abnormal attachment of the placenta
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{ General histology - What can we find in loose connective tissue? -osteon +cells originating from mesenchyme -nervous tissue -there are scarce cells in loose connective tissue
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{ General histology - Are heparinocytes located in connective tissue? -they are abundant in all types of tissues -no +yes, they can be present in loose connective tissue -yes, they are present in cartilage
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22. Cell cycle phases  - correct order of the phases

{ General histology - Cell cycle phases  - select the correct order of the phases -G1 - G2 - S - M -G2 - G1 - S - M -M - S - G1 - G2 +G1 - S - G2 - M
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{ General histology - In which on of these organs can you find fenestrated capillaries? +intestine -lungs -brain -bone marrow
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{ General histology - What does “polycytemia“ mean? -large red blood cells -red blood cells containing granules (synonymous term for reticulocytes) +high count of red blood cells -multiple red blood cells fused together (mitosis stage missfunction)
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{ General histology - Myelin sheath in CNS is formed by: -astrocytes -Schwann cells +oligodendrocytes -nerve fibers in the central nervous system are mostly unmyelinated
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{ Special histology - Which type of connective tissue is in the intralobular part of the mammary gland? -dense connective tissue -supportive cartilage +loose connective tissue -fibrocartilage
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{ Embryology - What is cardiac jelly? -a jelly-like structure in subendocardium - remaints of the development +a substance secreted by myocardium which separates it from the endothelium during the development -a substance found in the umbilical cord which surrounds the vessels with oxygenated blood leading to the heart -a stage of the heart development which isn’t found in humans
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{ Special histology - Where can you find Ebner(=von Ebner) glands? +near the papillae vallatae -near the tonsilla lingualis -in the cardia of the stomach -in the palate of the oral cavity
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{ Special histology - Where can you find Weber glands? -near the papillae vallatae -in the cardia -in the body of the stomach (fundus) +near the tonsilla lingualis
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{ Special histology - What type of secretion do Ebner(=von Ebner) glands mainly produce? +serous -seromucinous (slight dominance of the serous secretion) -mucinoserous (slight dominance of the mucinous secretion) -mucinous
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{ Special histology - What type of secretion do Weber glands mainly produce? -serous -seromucinous (slight dominance of the serous secretion) -mucinoserous (slight dominance of the mucinous secretion) +mucinous
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{Special histology - What do C cells secrete? -parathormone -oxytocin -thyreotropin +calcitonin
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{Special histology - Origin on adrenal medulla: +neural crest -ectoderm -entoderm -mesoderm
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{ Special histology - Which protein is responsible for the lips being “red“ of the lip (see-through epidermis -> you can see the blood in the skin under epidermis)? -myosin +eleidin -kapnophorin -trychohyalin
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{ Special histology - Which type of connective tissue is in the papillary layer of the skin? -dense regular connective tissue -dense irregular connective tissue +loose connective tissue -fibrocartilage
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{ Special histology - Where can you find thick skin type? -axilla +planta pedis -back of the hand -scalp
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{ General histology - Select the correct order of the erythrocyte development stages -proerythroblast - polychromatophilic erythroblast - basophilic erythroblast - orthochromatophilic erythroblast - reticulocyte -proerythroblast - orthochromatophilic erythroblast - basophilic erythroblast - polychromatophilic erythroblast - reticulocyte +proerythroblast - basophilic erythroblast - polychromatophilic erythroblast - orthochromatophilic erythroblast - reticulocyte -reticulocyte - basophilic erythroblast - polychromatophilic erythroblast - orthochromatophilic erythroblast - proerythroblast
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{ General histology - What’s the diameter of a reticulocyte? +8μm -10μm -12-14μm -16-20μm
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{ General histology - What’s the diameter of a monocyte? -8μm -10μm -10-12μm +12-20μm
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{ General histology - What’s the diameter of a basophil? -8μm +10μm -10-12μm -12-14μm
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{ General histology - What’s the diameter of a neutrophil? -8μm +10-12μm -12-14μm -16-20μm
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{ General histology - What’s the diameter of an eosinophil? -8μm -10μm +12-14μm -16-20μm
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{ General histology - What’s the mean physiological diameter of a red blood cell? -7μm +7,5μm -8μm -9μm
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{ Special histology - Which type of connective tissue is in the interlobular part of the mammary gland? +dense connective tissue -supportive cartilage -loose connective tissue -fibrocartilage
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{ General histology - What’s the percentage of basophils (out of all leukocytes) in peripheral blood? +1% -2-5% -20-40% -50-70%
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{ General histology - What’s the percentage of eosinophils (out of all leukocytes) in peripheral blood? -1% +2-5% -20-40% -50-70%
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{ General histology - Which cell is an antigen presenting cell (APC)? +macrophage -neutrophil -eosinophil -red blood cell
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{ Special histology - In which one of these organs can you find reticular epithelium? -liver -spleen +enamel organ -lymph node
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 * It can be found only in thymus and enamel organ (development of the tooth)

passing: 70% = 35+ questions correct

Questions unsuitable for a practise MCQ (due to the fact that any image can be used in the exam):

(E-embryology

G-general histology

S-special histology)

E - a picture of a follicle- an arrow pointing at the nucleus

G - EM picture, an arrow pointing at euchromatine

S - a picture of one of the types type of stomach glands and where are they located (if it’s cardia or fundus or pylorus or lieberkuhn crypt)

E - a picture of amnion

S - picture of thymus  - medulla light, cortex dark

G - Sarcomere picture - an arrow pointing at “anisotropic band”

E – Number of questions about primitive streak!

E - blastocyste 8, 11-12, 20 day

S - A picture of a leukocyte - which one is it

An example of a triplet of slides and which questions could be asked (the 2nd part of the final exam):

OESOPHAGUS – H&E

Lamina muscularis mucosae

Nerve (in plexus myentericus)

Mucinous gland

Stratifien squamous epithelium non-keratinized

CEREBELLUM - silver impregnation

Dendrites of Purkynje cells

Pia mater

Artery

EPIGLOTTIS - H&E

Type of cartilage

Serous lunule

Which side is lingual

Perichondrium

Other gathered questions:

1. Extraembryonic mesoderm of somato and splanchnopleure

2. Is there alkaline phosphatase in the proximal tubule of kidney? Yes

3. A picture of a leukocyte - which type of leukocyte is it (eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte)

4. A question regarding megakaryocytes.

5. Which information does a blood smear provide (blood count,...)

6. Causes of anaemia (low haemoglobin levels or lower total number of red blood cells)

7. The structure of proximal tubule in kidneys

8. How does the sperm cell merge with the oocyte membrane

9. Parathyroid gland produces…? parathyroid hormone\parathormone

10. What is not true about resorptive epithelium?

11. Is pseudostratified columnar simple or stratified? It’s simple

12. Suprarenal gland - medulla is chromaffin (because it originates from the neural crest)

13. Which structure is at the urinary pole of glomerulus - the proximal tubule (originates there)

14. Neutrophil shift to the left = shift to band cells

15. Cortical reaction during impregnation

16. Do myoepithelial cells have myofibrils or actin filaments? - actin filaments

17. Tooth development - picture - an arrow pointing at a structure - which germ layers is it from (ento or meso or ectoderm?)

18. Schema of a spleen with letters marking each structure - (for example: central artery, ...)

19. Brush border and an arrow pointing at glycocalyx

20. The origin of Rathke’s pouch

21. Granulopoiesis - correct order of the stages of the development

25. Thymus - What are Hassall's corpuscles? concentric condensations of the reticular epithelium

27. A picture - stained by luxol blue - the structure in question was perineurium

28. Gallbladder - which type of epithelium can be found there? Simple columnar

29. Bilaminar disc - picture

30. What affects the development of neuroectodermal plate? Notochord

31. Erytrocyte with 36 picogram of Hb is …. (Hyperchromatic)

32. Select the correct statement: osteocytes are connected by tight junctions/osteocytes are connected by zonulae occludentes/osteoclasts are connected to the bone matrix by cadherins/osteoclasts are connected to the bone matrix by integrins

33. Slide picture - duodenum

34. What’s the type of epithelium of the middle ear cavity? simple cuboidal

35. A picture of the capsule of lens

37. How does the PNS recover/heal

38. Which nerve ending is capsulated? Nerve ending in cornea/Krause corpuscule/Vater-Pacini corpuscule/Meissner corpuscule

39. Deparafinization step by step = xylene +  alcohol (100%->90%->80%)

40. Follicular dendritic cell

41. A slide picture - an arrow pointing at: eccrine gland in papillary layer/muscle erector pili inserts in a fibrous sheath (page 383)/ melanocytes in epidermis/ trichohyalin granules in the internal root sheath of the hair

42. What is typical for the cells of the suprarenal gland medulla - well developed smooth ER

43. Nexus is…. - a part of the intercalated disc (cardiac muscle)

44. A picture of a gland - an arrow pointing at: duct / myoepithelial cells / serous cells

45. Heart - cardiac muscle tissue + capillaries

46. A picture of a maternal and paternal pronucleus (page 39 Langman)

47. A picture of the Z-line (esophagus transitioning to cardia)

48. Where is the most T-lymphocytes (marginal zone of the spleen, paracortical zone of a lymph node,..)

49. Molecules with inhibition effect on tropomyosin

50. Proteins of ribosome

51. Where are ribosomes created? in the nucleus

52. Types of epithelium according to function - which one doesn’t belong - answer: trabecular

53. What forms the secondary palate

54. Cleavage - blastomeres are smaller and smaller - Langman page 42: „Once the zygote has reached the two-cell stage, it undergoes a series of mitotic divisions, increasing the numbers of cells. These cells, which become smaller with each cleavage division, are known as blastomeres (Fig. 3.8). Until the eight-cell stage, they form a loosely arranged clump. After the third cleavage, however, blastomeres maximize their contact with each other, forming a compact ball of cells held together by tight junctions“

55. Hyaluronic acid - what is its function in connective tissue

56. Feulgen stain - what is it used for

57. When is the oocyte impregnated - answer: 2 weeks before/after menstruation

58. Where can you find Sertoli cells (rete testis, straight seminiferous tubules…)

59. Does the cervical mucosa fall off during menstruation?

60. papillary layer - loose connective tissue

61. What is fibrocartilage composed of? fibroblasts, chondrocytes,...

62. Which cells does the molecular layer of the cerebellum contain? dendrites of Purkynje cells,…)

63. Which layer do the Muller cells of the retina form?

64. The optical nerve - is it myelinated? Which cells myelinate it?

65. Microglia (gray/white matter, they form in either gray/white matter and then migrate)

66. Number of questions about mitochondria

67. What is placenta increta? (revise the different types of placental abnormalities in presentations/Langmann!)

68. What is the difference between the secondary/primary sensory cells? Primary sensory cells are transformed neurons, secondary sensory cells are transformed epithelial cells.

69. Fibroblasts -multipotent

70. What’s typical for a vessel wall - lined with epithelium / thick muscle tissue in tunica media / elastic fibers in adventitia

71. Navicular fossa (in penis) - which epithelium is there - stratified squamous non-keratinized.

72. Blastocyst (4-5 day, 5-6 day…)

73. Which cell of the formed blood elements no longer undergoes mitosis (the last stages able to undergo mitosis)

74. Erythrocyte above 9 micrometers = macrocytosis

75. The thickness of the cell membrane - approximately 10nm

76. Neutrophilic granulocyte - picture

77. Choosing correct statements about melanocyte

78. Proximal tubules of the kidney - proof of alkaline phosphatase using azo coupling reaction (special histochemical technique)

79. Fetal membranes and placenta - an arrow pointing at one of the layers

81. Choose the correct statement about dizygotic twins.

82. A picture of a follicle (primary/secondary/tertiary?)

83. Peripheral nerve - recovery

84. A question about the complex of Golgi (has a cis/trans side,...)

85. What does the „Brilliant cresyl blue“ stain (reticulocytes) (+it’s a supravital technique)

86. Mammary gland composition - 1) intralobular CT is loose CT and adipose tissue, 2)if it’s serous alveolar gland - FALSE😤, IT IS tubuloalveolar compound gland, 3) if the immunoglobulins leave the epithelial tissue 3) lipids get into the milk by apocrine secretion)

87. Salivary glands (what is saliva composed of - for example IgA,...)

88. Sweat gland - 1) is it compound? 2) which layer of the skin can you find it in?

89. True/false statements about the 8th day of the embryological development

90. Secondary yolk sac

91. Picture of the skeletal muscle - recognize the bands (Z-band, I-band, A-band, H-band, M-band)

92. Picture of the thyroid gland

93. Schema - development of the neural tube!

95. Ankyrin - definition

96. Tropomyosin - definition

98. Resorptive epithelium

99. Number of questions regarding fixation

100. Sertoli cells

101. Mitochondria and endoplasmatic reticulum

102. Oligodendrocytes - are they found in CNS/PNS, do they myelinate single/multiple axons,...)

103. Satellite cells - can be found in ganglia

104. granular layer of the cerebellum

105. Development of the maxilla + upper lip

106. Lens placode (1. The lens forms from a thickening of ectoderm (lens placode) adjacent to the optic cup. Lens induction may begin very early, but contact with the optic cup plays a role in this process as well as in maintenance and differentiation of the lens. If the optic cup fails to contact the ectoderm or if the molecular and cellular signals essential for lens development are disrupted, a lens will not form.

107. Microglia - function, location, appearance

108. Goblet cells of the large intestine - how are they stained, function, appearance, where is the nucleus situated

109. Spinal ganglion - which cells can you find there (pseudounipolar, bipolar, satellite cells)

110. Suprarenal gland - medulla - what’s the origin - neural crest!

111. Zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal gland - which hormones are produced, recognize the layer on a slide

112. Reticular epithelium - can be found only in thymus and enamel organ!

113. Trabecular epithelium - where can it be found (which organs)

114. Lymph node - what type of connective tissue is it composed of, afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels

115. The spleen - composition - picture

116. Cells of the amnionic fluid

117. Ebner (von Ebner) glands - where can they be found, mucous/serous secretion

118. The nail - composition, layers

119. Thin skin type - where can it be found

120. Number of questions about the oocyte impregnation

121. Where are androgens produced (suprarenal gland - which layer)

122. Where are glucocorticoids produced (suprarenal gland - which layer)

123. Where are chromaffin cells (for example medulla of the suprarenal gland)

124. Centriole - how big is it? about 0.2 μm in diameter and 0.3-0.5 μm in length

125. Picture of syncytiotrophoblast

126. Picture of the large intestine

128. Where is the central artery located (white pulp in spleen)

129. Where is the primary heart field located?

130. Palate development - Langman page 302) - picture with arrows pointing at Maxillary prominence

131. Gonadotropin

132. Layers of the retina - know which is which

134. Which bone has more osteocytes - primary or secondary bone

135. Development of the somites

136. What is the cranial end of the germ disc

137. Taste buds are primary/secondary sensory cells? Secondary

138. Picture of a satellite cell (glial cell in the PNS - in ganglia)

139. Picture - identify epineurium

140. Bergmann glia - also known as Golgi epithelial cells, are...? Specialized, unipolar glial cells featuring cell bodies situated in the Purkynje cell layer and radial fibers passing through the molecular layer of the cerebellum)

141. Cilia, actin filaments, Intermediate filaments - diameters!

142. Erythrocyte smaller than 6 micrometers - microcytosis

143. Where are apocrine glands found? for example: mammary glands

144. Where are Purkynje cell's dendrites found? In which layer of the cerebellum

145. Choroid plexus - type of epithelium - simple cuboid

146. Distal tubule of the kidney - which layer of the kidney is it found in, approximate diameter

147. Lipofuscin granules - which cells contain them?

148. Cytokeratin filaments

149. What doesn’t cross the blood-brain barrier - lipids, glycogen, IgG,...

150. Podocytes - where are they and what’s their shape?

151. Mitochondrial DNA - endosymbiotic theory

152. Granulocyte development stages (the stages were listed in various orders and you were supposed to pick the correct one)

153. Umbilical cord - which type of connective tissue is the arrow pointing at

154. Where can you find ameloblasts in a tooth?

155. Renal cortex and what type of tubules can you find?

156. Proximal tubule of the nephron

157. What epithelium is in the vaginal portion of the cervix?

158. Epithelium in the tympanic cavity? simple cuboidal

159. Picture of lens with an arrow pointing at the marginal part - what is it? Lens capsule

160. Where in skin is the stratum lucidum reduced? Possible answers: a) planta pedis (foot) b) palm of hand c) sternocleidomastoid region

161. In which layer of the skin can you find hair follicles?

162. In which layer of the skin can we find melanocytes? (Exactly)

163. Where/When is the blastocyst forming? Possible answers: a) after implantation b) in uterus c) in ovaries

164. Electron microscopy - picture of microvilli and an arrow pointing at the structure above them - GLYCOCALYX

165. Types of connective tissue in the mammary gland - both loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue

166. How are osteocytes connected - possible answers: a) desmosomes, b) zonula adherens c) zonula occludens d) gap junctions

167. Spleen scheme - identify the structures the arrows are pointing at: a) white pulp b) red pulp c) trabecular artery d) central artery

168. Which cells do meiosis? possible answers: spermatogonia, spermatocytes

169. Which structure do theca folliculi cells originate from?

170. Which structure do melanocytes originate from? Neural crest

171. Which structure causes the neural crest to differentiate?

173. What myelinates the nerves in PNS? Schwann cells

174. Nerve bundle picture - what is the arrow pointing at? (perineurium/epineurium/endoneurium)

175. Cell cycle - choose the phases in the correct order

176. Where do sebaceous glands in skin empty (on the skin surface/near the hair)

177. Embryology picture (page 54 Langmann) - what is the structure - a picture with cytotrophoblast/ syncytiotrophoblast etc options: primary/secondary yolk sac/amnionic cavity/…

178. What is allantois? Where does it come from?

179. Type of epithelium in the proximal tubule of the kidney

180. Protein motor of microfilaments - myosin

181. Dehydration process in staining with hematoxylin eosin - options: xylene or benzene / alcohol 70%->80%->90%... / alcohol 90%->80%->70%...

182. In which cells can you find major basic protein (in granules)? eosinophils / basophils / neutrophils? - eosinophils

183. Cardiomyocyte - what’s the shape + how long and wide - diameters

184. How is adenohypophysis (pituitary gland) formed (Rathke’s pouch of the ECTOderm)

185. Which structures originate from the paraxial mesodrerm (the kidneys etc)

186. What is the cell membrane composed of: options 2 layers of phospholipids /2 layers of proteins

187. Cilliary corpuscle - options: avascular / type of epithelium / contains smooth muscle,…

188. Erythrocyte with 32g of hemoglobin is: options: normocyte/…

189. Picture of an epithelium determine which type of epithelium is it

190. Urinary bladder: urothelium, 3 layers of muscle - detrusor muscle

191. Receptors of T lymphocytes

192. Decidual cells - are they eosinophilic?
 * 1) * A picture of how calcium is released from a muscle? (terminal cisternae? – page 202 junqueira)
 * 2) * karyotype of FISH chromosomes – to recognize that this is down syndrome
 * 3) * What is ameloblast, odontoblast and pulp cavity derived from? (ameloblast – ectoderm of oral cavity, odontoblast – neural crest, pulp - mesenchyme)
 * 4) * When bilaminar disk transform into trilaminar disk (the answers are shown in pictures - the formation of mesoderm)
 * 5) * What is the name of the embryo when it enters the uterus? advanced morula (if there is not such an option – so early blastocyst – page 46 langman)
 * 6) * From which layer does the endoderm develop? (Epiblast, don’t confuse with hypoblast! – page 60 langman)
 * 7) * When the neural groove is made – the neural folds are open to which cavity? (amnionic cavity)
 * 8) * What is the structure of labyrinth duct? (organ of corti with tectorial membrane)
 * 9) * A slide with basophilic staining – we need to recognize what the structure with the arrow (monocyte, basophil)
 * 10) * How much white blood cells are in the blood? (4-10x10^9 per liter OR 4,000-10,000 per microliter)
 * 11) * Centriole is made of? (9 triples of microtubules)
 * 12) * A picture of a tooth before eruption - with an arrow (probably about root sheath...? page 309 langman?)
 * 13) * Picture of renal corpuscle - with arrow and choose the right answer (page 395 in junqueira)
 * 14) * Which granules are found in thrombocytes? (alpha, delta, lambda - they will appear maybe in greek letters)
 * 15) * Process of notochord formation
 * 16) * Where are the cristae of mitochondria located (they are folds on the inner membrane)
 * 17) * Spermatogenesis / oogenesis process (haploid, diploid..)
 * 18) * Development of erythroblast
 * 19) * Glands - a lot of questions
 * 20) * What is the shape of pericytes?
 * 21) * Development of tooth - a lot of questions
 * 22) * A picture of sarcomere with arrow to choose the right structure
 * 23) * polar bodies - information and when does each one develop (page 29 langman)
 * 24) * pictures of granulocytes / agranulocytes
 * 25) * size of granulocytes / agranulocytes
 * 26) * eosinophilic / basophilic of granulocytes / agranulocytes
 * 27) * implantation of blastocyst
 * 28) * specific days of fertilization
 * 29) * pictures of development of face (maxillary prominence, nasal prominence.. - something like in the mock test)
 * 30) * details about amnionic cavity and yolk sac
 * 31) * pictures of different lymphocytes and recognize them
 * 32) * development of philtrum - 2 medial nasal prominences will grow caudally and medially and will fuse between themselves and with maxillary prominence - and become intermaxillary segment - that will grow to be the philtrum, upper lip, primary palate, premaxillary maxillary segment
 * 33) * what is axon made of? (axolemma, axoplasma, neurotubules mainly and neurofilaments)
 * 34) * seminal vesicle – what type of secretion? (viscous material - fructose, prostaglandins, fibrinogen, amino acids, ascorbic acid)
 * 35) * Where is Meissner corpuscle? (encapsulated sensory organ in hairless skin – lips, thick skin)
 * 36) * Embryology of face and teeth
 * 37) * Cleavage of oocoyte – when? (after zygote for 4 days)
 * 38) * Question about neural tube (the answer is foundation of CNS?)
 * 39) * Cell body of neuron (answers were – it is eosinophilic, has large sER, gER -probably gER is correct)
 * 40) * Picture of epithel with goblet cell
 * 41) * Picture of blood vessel with an arrow to – probably internal elastic lamina
 * 42) * Picture of blastocyst – with arrow of epiblast / hypoblast
 * 43) * Purkinje fibers of heart – if it is unmyelinated axon? (NO! it is specialized myocardium)
 * 44) * What type of ducts is the parotid gland? (alveolar, tubular – probably right answer is alveolar / acinus)
 * 45) * What is the most common material for Fixation? (fixation formalin, embedding - parafin
 * 46) * Alveolar septum – contains what? (pneumocyte 1,2 and their basal lamina, dust cell, endothel of capillary and basal lamina + erythrocyte, connective tissue – elastic, reticular fibers, fibroblast) (the basal laminae of the endothel and pneumocyte are fused) (pneumocyte = alveolar epithel)
 * 47) * Question about - Reticular epithel (only in thymus, enamel organs)
 * 48) *Nissel method stainings - stain nissle bodies (rER / gER of neurons)
 * 49) * Size of collagen fiber / fibril
 * 50) * Size of collagen molecule – 300nm long, 1.5nm thick
 * 51) * Collagen, mitochondria, nucleus... - eosinophilic / basophilic? (collagen – eosinophilic, mitochondria – acidophilic/eosinophilic, nucleus – basophilic)
 * 52) * azocoupling method – to know what is different when it is more red (active) or more yellow (less active)
 * 53) * What is primary and secondary sesnsory (primary – with axons like rods/cons, secondary – without axon – olfactory epithel, taste buds)
 * 54) * What is pro-nucleus? The nucleus of sperm and oocyte during the process of ferilization (before the genetic material fuse – the sperm nucleus after it enters the oocyte, and the nucleus of oocyte after meiosis 2)
 * 55) * Immunohistochemistry
 * 56) * monozygotic- dizygotic twins from langman
 * 57) * Primary/secondary/tertiary villi – when (primary – 11-13 days after fertilization, secondary – 16, tertiary – end of 3rd week)
 * 58) * Hematopoiesis – stages, sizes, reticulocyte and orthoerytroblast – what is the difference
 * 59) * Sizes of spermatogenesis cells (picture down in the file)
 * 60) * what surrounds primary villi? (cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast?)
 * 61) * What is decidua basalis? (The maternal part of the placenta – the portion of the endometrium that underliesthe implantation)
 * 62) * A picture of transition epithelium – can be esophagus + cardia, Ano-rectal junction, cervix (ecto+endo), Lips (vermilion)
 * 63) * when notogenesis occurs – day 17
 * 64) * para-axial mesoderm – derived from? (mesoderm?)
 * 65) * RBC size (7.5 micrometer diameter, 2.6 -0.8 micrometer thickness)
 * 66) * Encapsuled nerve ending – Pacinian, Meissner, ruffini
 * 67) * Type of glands – picture below
 * 68) * which type of cells are in the oviduct – ciliated cells + secretory cells (peg cells)
 * 69) * development of maxilla
 * 70) * what is placenta accerta – the placenta grows too deep
 * 71) * what is lobus pyramidalis – part of the thyroid gland
 * 72) * how much reticulocyte is it normal to be in the blood? (I marked 1%)
 * 73) * Orthochromatic cell – has a nucleus
 * 74) * When something is stained in different color of the dye – we call it? Metachromatic dye
 * 75) * What is the hardest tissue of body? Enamel
 * 76) * Slide of vestibule with arrow – answer was endolymph
 * 77) * Slide of bilaminar disc with arrow (from microscop) – answer was extraembryonic mesoderm
 * 78) * What surrounds the umbilical cord?
 * 79) * How much neutrophil band is not normal In the blood? (I marked 9%)
 * 80) * Values of hemocrit of male and female
 * 81) * Sterocilia – covered by? (by plasma membrane – it is just a protrusion of the plasma membrane)
 * 82) * 3 layers of trilaminar disk
 * 83) * Which cell is the biggest in spermatogenesis
 * 84) * Why cleft lip and palate are formed
 * 85) * What palatine shelves do / with what the merge?
 * 86) * A picture from electron microscope – question was if it is SEM or TEM
 * 87) * Cell cycle stages – G1-S-G2-M
 * 88) * When blastocyst is formed (answers were – 4-5 day, 5-6 day, 6-7 day, 7-8 day)
 * 89) * What is langerhan cell (APC?)
 * 90) * Picture of hair follicle with an arrow (from microscope) – probably answer was hair pulp
 * 91) * Proliferative phase – under the influence of what? (estrogen)
 * 92) * What is primitive node (Hensen node)? (I marked Elevation of the epiblast)
 * 93) * What is stomodeum
 * 94) * Structure of liver lobule – made of cords of hepatocytes and sinusoids
 * 95) * Picture of slide of crypt of leiberkuhn with an arrow – answer was Paneth cell
 * 96) * Vasa recta of the kidney
 * 97) * What is capacitation
 * 98) * Glycoprotein in cartilage – answer is aggrecan
 * 99) * What is transcytotic – passage of molecules through the cell
 * 100) * Question about BBB
 * 101) * Dozygotic twins – I marked that this is from 2 sperms and 2 oocytes
 * 102) * Where mitotic division occurs in the skin? Stratum basala + spinosum
 * 103) * Question about astrocyte
 * 104) * From where the corpus albicans originage?
 * 105) * Zona pelucida – when degrades
 * 106) * Melanocytes in skin
 * 107) * What is the size of erythrocyte ?
 * 108) * What is the most abundant in blood? Neutrophil, lymphocyte
 * 109) * what is derived from fusion of intermaxillary process + maxillary process
 * 110) * Process of fixation
 * 111) * Layers of ureter
 * 112) * What can we find in spinal ganglion
 * 113) * Picture of tendon, vein from microscope
 * 114) * One slide with recognition of staining (some had AZAN, some PAS)
 * 115) * Seminal vesicel – which epithelium, type of gland (simple coiled?)
 * 116) * Urethra – which epithelium is spongy urethra
 * 117) * Uretra – which glands (glands of litre), which secretion
 * 118) * Recognize podocytes from a picture
 * 119) * Olfactory epithelium – contain what? (supporting cells)
 * 120) * Intercalated disk junction complex – contain – desmosome, gap junction, fasciae adherens)
 * 121) *Primordial follicle – contain what? (primary oocyte, 1 layer of cells – flat follicular cells) ·
 * 122) *Adrenal medulla – which cells? Secerete what? (chromaffin cells, secrete epinephrin / norepinephrine)
 * 123) * Cervix and uterine wall – layers, cells, type of glands
 * 124) * Liver acinus, liver lobule, portal lobule
 * 125) * Photo of brunner’s gland
 * 126) * What is decidua
 * 127) * What is chorionic leave
 * 128) * Pit in pyloric part of kidney
 * 129) * Which type of gland in the crypt of leibrkhun
 * 130) * Iot cells = stellate cells in the liver
 * 131) * Satellite cells in the PNS ganglia
 * 132) * Glial limiting membrane
 * 133) * Recognition of WBC
 * 134) * Which site is the last one to do mitosis in granulopoiesis
 * 135) * From which stage there are granules in granulopoiesis
 * 136) * Axon transport
 * 137) * Which cells are in adenohypophysis
 * 138) * Unilateral cleft lip
 * 139) * Monozygotic twins – can share what?
 * 140) * Embryoblast develop into?
 * 141) * Function of glial cells, supporting cells in PNS?
 * 142) * Eosinophils size
 * 143) * when we do catalyze reaction staining, what do we expect to see? Activity of enzyme (not location)
 * 144) * pseudostratified epithelia – where? Respiratory system
 * 145) * satellite cells – what are they? Supporting cells of nervous system – around cell body in ganglia
 * 146) *axonal transport – what is it? (nerve impulse? / Transport of vesicles from perikaryon to axon? /...)
 * 147) * Merocrine secretion – by exocytosis
 * 148) * Conduction of heart – my modified cardiomyocyte – not nerves
 * 149) * Second polar body – when formed?
 * 150) * Which glands in cervix?
 * 151) * Tympanic cavity – options were – come in contact with the perilymphatic space, come in contact with scala tymypani, covered by simple cuboidal epithelium, lined by ·      periosteum)
 * 152) * What can we find in the middle portion of sperm? Mitochondira
 * 153) * Function of astrocyte – come in contact with the pia to create membrane limitans?
 * 154) * Thymic-blood barrier
 * 155) * A picture of the vestibular system with arrows (picture below)
 * 156) * What tubes we can find in the renal medulla and cortex
 * 157) * Renal pelvis – what is the lining epithel?
 * 158) * Lingual tonsil – In what part of tongue? (root / posterior third)
 * 159) * M cells in GIT
 * 160) * Tenogenic defects – when is the largest risk for it to happen? (month / weeks)
 * 161) * Why there is bilateral cleft lip
 * 162) * Picture of the slide of developing tooth from olivia with arrows
 * 163) * What stimulate follicular clles? FSH
 * 164) * What cells are in the posterior / neurohypophysis? Terminal axons and piticytes
 * 165) * Intralobular CT of mammary gland
 * 166) * Elastic fibers in lungs
 * 167) * What does it mean compound gland
 * 168) * What gland is the pancreas
 * 169) * Wall of gall bladder
 * 170) * Picture of the spleen with blood vessels with arrows – picture below
 * 171) * Granulopoiesis
 * 172) * Picture of uterus – and recognize with phase it is (proliferative, secretory, menstrual)
 * 173) * Blood-testis barrier
 * 174) * Decidua basalis
 * 175) * Blood-air barrier
 * 176) * Where can we find fenestrated capillaries
 * 177) * Why there is basal labyrinth – to enlarge the space for mitochondria in PCT
 * 178) * A picture with deep pits – what is it? (probably pylorus)
 * 179) * Extraembryionic mesoderm gives rise to? Connective stalk, secondary villi + vessels of tertiary villi
 * 180) * What is the most important part of the filtration of glomerulus
 * 181) * Stroma of bone marrow
 * 182) * What cells are in the islet of Langerhans
 * 183) * Reticular epithelium – where can it be found