Hip-Bone

Os ilium (hip bone) is the more cranial part of the os coxae. This paired bone is constructed so that, together with the hip bone of the other side, they open ventrally and cranially.

Acetabulum
The acetabulum'' is the socket of the hip joint, about 5 cm in diameter (but highly variable), on the outer side of the os coxae. It is composed of 2/5 os ilium (cranially), 2/5 os ischii (dorsocaudally) and 1/3 os pubis (ventrocaudally). The following formations are found on it:
 * sulcus supraacetabularis – shallow depression above the cranial margin of the acetabulum. It begins here caput reflexum musculi recti femoris];
 * limbus (margo) acetabuli – slightly prominent margin of the fossa, which is interrupted at the incisura acetabuli;
 * incisura acetabuli – notch on the caudal part of the acetabulum;
 * facies lunata – the actual contact surface articulatio coxae, which is located on the perimeter of the socket;
 * fossa acetabuli – excavated centre of the hole, freshly contains the pulvinar acetabuli (fat pad)).

Structures of os ilium
On the ilium axis we find the following structures:
 * corpus ossis ilii – the body of the hip bone, which is located at the acetabulum and extends cranially;
 * ala ossis ilii – hip blade, cranially expanded and has other typical formations:
 * crista iliaca – iliac crest, upper edge ala ossis ilii, which is palpable. On it we further distinguish:
 * labium externum – external longitudinal line, tendon of dorsal and caudal bundles m. obliquus externus abdominis;
 * linea intermedia – median longitudinal line, beginning of the bundle part m. obliquus internus abdominis];
 * labium internum – internal longitudinal line, beginning of the bundle part m. transversus abdominis;
 * tuberculum iliacum (seu tuberculum gluteum anterius (Waldeyeri)) - in the anterior quarter at the labium externum cristae iliacae, an extended point at the beginning of m. gluteus medius;
 * spina iliaca anterior superior – ventral end of crista iliaca, palpable, beginning of m. tensor fasciae latae, beginning of m. sartorius and ligamentum inguinale;22.png
 * spina iliaca posterior superior – dorsal end of crista iliaca, palpable;
 * spina iliaca anterior inferior – caudal analogue of the spina iliaca anterior superior, beginning of caput rectum musculi recti femoris and ligamentum iliofemorale;
 * spina iliaca posteror inferior – Caudal analogue of spina iliaca posterior inferior, palpable.


 * eminentia iliopubica – low bump ventrally on the border with the pubic axis;
 * incisura ischiadica major – large notch at the back between the spina iliaca posterior superior (belonging to the ilium axis) and the spina ischiadica (belonging to the ischia axis). It forms part of the border of the foramen ischiadicum majus;


 * facies sacropelvica – the inner surface of the hip shovel, is excavated as:
 * fossa iliaca – the iliac fossa, beginning with m. iliacus, part of the musculus iliopsoas. The following structures can be described here:
 * facies auricularis – articular surface articulatio sacroiliaca, resembling the shape of an ear bolt;
 * 33.pngtuberositas iliaca – roughness behind the articular surface for the attachment of the reinforcing ligaments of the sacroiliac joint, i.e. ligamentum sacroiliacum posterius, ligamentum sacroiliacum interosseum;
 * linea arcuata – the arcuate edge, which ends caudally in the fossa iliaca, forms the boundary between the small and large pelvisí;
 * facies glutea – the outer surface of the os ilium. On it we distinguish:
 * linea glutea anterior – approximately in the middle of the shovel, running from near the tuberculum iliacum arcuately dorsocaudally. It separates the areas of the beginnings of m. gluteus medius and m. gluteus minimus;
 * linea glutea posterior – runs on the dorsal side of the scapula caudally, separating the areas of the beginnings of m. gluteus medius and m. gluteus maximus];
 * linea glutea inferior – closer to the acetabulum, parallel to the linea glutea anterior, separating the areas of the beginnings of m. gluteus minimus and m. tensor fasciae latae.

Related articles

 * Bones of the lower limb
 * Muscles of the lower limb

Literature

 * CIHÁK, Radomír. Anatomy. 2nd edition. Prague: Grada, 2008. 516 pp. Vol. 1.  ISBN 80-7169-970-5.