Portal:Questions for final examination in biophysics (1. LF UK, GM)

= List of questions – Biophysics 2010 =

Structure of matter

 * 1) Wave properties of particles, quantum properties of waves
 * 2) Quantum numbers
 * 3) Ionization and excitation
 * 4) Structure of electron shells in atoms
 * 5) Atomic nucleus
 * 6) Binding energy in atomic nucleus
 * 7) Potential barrier of atomic nucleus
 * 8) Physical principles of mass spectrometry
 * 9) Physical principles of nuclear magnetic resonance

Molecular biophysics

 * 1) International system of units, transformation of units
 * 2) Phase states of matter
 * 3) State equation of ideal gas
 * 4) Bernoulli equation, equation of continuity
 * 5) Law of Laplace
 * 6) Gibbs´s phase rule, phase chart of water
 * 7) Water as solvent
 * 8) Dispersion systems and their classification
 * 9) Properties of colloid particles
 * 10) Principle of electrophoresis, electrokinetic potential
 * 11) Transport phenomena
 * 12) Viscosity and its measurement
 * 13) Difusion, 1. law of Fick
 * 14) Surface tension, adsorption
 * 15) Colligative properties of solutions
 * 16) Osmotic pressure
 * 17) Blood pressure measurement

Thermodynamics

 * 1) Thermodynamic system, state quantities
 * 2) First law of thermodynamics
 * 3) Second law of thermodynamics
 * 4) Definitions of thermodynamic functions (U, H, S, F, G)
 * 5) Chemical potential
 * 6) Thermoregulation in homoiothermic organisms
 * 7) Measurement of temperature
 * 8) Calorimetric measurements
 * 9) Specific heat, latent heat

Physical and physiological acoustics

 * 1) Physical properties of acoustic waves
 * 2) Acoustic impedance
 * 3) Sound intensity and loudness, units
 * 4) Field of hearing
 * 5) Weber-Fechner´s law in acoustics
 * 6) Ultrasound generators
 * 7) Physical principles or diagnostic use of ultrasound
 * 8) Audiometry

Optics in medicine

 * 1) General classification of electromagnetic waves
 * 2) Planck´s law, Stefan-Boltzmann and Wien laws
 * 3) Lens equation
 * 4) Extinction, Lambert-Beer law
 * 5) Scattering of light
 * 6) Dispersion of light
 * 7) Refraction and its use in spectroscopy
 * 8) Interference and light reflection
 * 9) Refractometry, Polarimetry
 * 10) Biophysics of vision
 * 11) Eye defects
 * 12) Absorption spectral analysis
 * 13) Optical properties of colloids
 * 14) Principle of laser
 * 15) Optical and electron microscopy

Electricity in medicine

 * 1) Coulomb´s law, permittivity
 * 2) Intensity, voltage, resistance, impedance and their measurement, units
 * 3) Donnan´s equilibrium on cell membrane
 * 4) Rest membrane potential
 * 5) Electrochemical potential
 * 6) Nernst equation
 * 7) Measurement of el. conductivity in solutions
 * 8) Action potential and its detection
 * 9) Action potentials of heart muscle and their detection
 * 10) Principle of osciloscope
 * 11) Use of electricity in diagnostics
 * 12) Use of electricity in therapy

Use of X-rays in medicine

 * 1) Production of X-rays, energy spectra
 * 2) Control of the energy and intensity of X-rays
 * 3) X-ray apparatus
 * 4) X-ray lamp
 * 5) X-ray absorption
 * 6) X-ray contrast
 * 7) Use of X-rays for diagnostic purposes
 * 8) X-ray therapy
 * 9) Depth dose
 * 10) Principle of computed tomography

Radioactivity and ionising radiation

 * 1) Radioactive decay
 * 2) Energy spectra of α and β radiation
 * 3) Energy spectrum of γ radiation
 * 4) Radioactive equilibrium
 * 5) Physical, biological and effective half-life
 * 6) Absorption of γ radiation
 * 7) Absorption of α and β radiation
 * 8) Nuclear reactions
 * 9) Cosmic rays
 * 10) Selective and integral detection of γ radiation
 * 11) Principles of detection of ionising radiation
 * 12) Detectors of ionising radiation
 * 13) Scintillation detector
 * 14) Geiger-Muller tube
 * 15) Accelerators of particles
 * 16) Ionisation chamber
 * 17) Methods of personal dosimetry
 * 18) Units of exposition and absorbed dose of irradiation