Ossa tarsi

The ossa tarsi, or tarsal bones, include the talus, calcaneus, os naviculare, os cuboideum, and ossa cuneiformia.

Talus
The talus, or ankle bone, is the most proximal of the tarsal bones. This bone can be divided into three parts:


 * trochlea tali – proximal projection for articulation with lower leg bones;
 * corpus tali - is located below the trochlea, it extends dorsally in the processus posterior tali, which is divided by a groove, sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi into two bumps - tuberculum mediale et tuberculum laterale . On the underside there are three articular surfaces – facies articularis talaris posterior, mediale et anterior. Between the middle and back surfaces is a deep groove, sulcus tali . It extends laterally in the processus lateralis tali ;
 * caput tali – the head of the bone, articulating with the os naviculare.

Calcaneus
The calcaneus, or heel bone, is the largest of the tarsal bones. We distinguish the following formations on this bone:


 * facies articularis talaris anterior, media, posterior calcanei – articular surfaces for connection with the talus;
 * sulcus calcanei – notch that is attached to sulcus tali and together they form a cavity, sinus tarsi ;
 * sustentaculum tali – a protrusion on the medial side of the calcaneus that supports the talus from below. Behind it is the imprint of the tendon of the musculi flexoris hallucis longi;


 * trochlea peronaealis – a small protrusion on the lateral side of the calcaneus, below it is a groove after the impression of the peronei longi tendon ;
 * tuber calcanei – place of attachment of the Achilles tendon, extends forward into two bumps, processus medialis et lateralis tuberis calcanei
 * facies articularis cuboidea – articular surface for articulation with os cuboideum.

Os naviculare
The navicular bone, or navicular bone, is a flattened bone proximally articulated with the talus and distally with the ossa cuneiformea. On the medial side, there is a palpable orientation bump, tuberositas ossis navicularis.

Cuboid axis
Os cuboideum or cuboid bone, is a bone that articulates proximally with the calcaneus, and distally has articular surfaces for the fourth and fifth metatarsals. On the plantar surface there is a deep groove running obliquely for the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle. On the os cuboideum we also recognize the tuberositas ossis cuboidei serving for the attachment of the ligament.

Ossa cuneiformia
Ossa cuneiformea or wedge-shaped bones follow the os naviculare. We recognize three of these bones:


 * os cuneiforme mediale – the largest;
 * os cuneiforme intermedium – the smallest;
 * os cuneiforme laterale.

Related articles

 * Articulatio talocruralis
 * Leg joints
 * Bones of the lower limb

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