Guide to Histology and Embryology Final/Embryology Oral

The reason why this guide was created is for you to learn as much embryology in the least ammount of time.

! The questions are numbered according to the numbers of questions in the list for the final exam (can be found in SIS->subjects->histology)

! There are 5 videos mentioned in the text bellow - the link to each will be in the MedSoc drive or shared using other channels (the reason being copyright)

! The pages mentioned in the guide are referring to Langman's Medical Embryology - 14th edition which can be downloaded from the MedSoc drive or borrowed in the library

General embryology

-it's not necessary to study molecular regulation in Langman

Study the clinical correlations only when the question explicitly says so

1.Development (maturation) of sperm

2.Development (maturation) of oocyte - the first two questions are also nicely put in Junqueira

3.Fertilization and early development of the human embryo - watch the youtube video 1

-you can leave out the details about the fast/slow block to polyspermy in the video - not necessary for the exam

Remember what’s happening each day with the zygote!!! - questions which appear in the final exams are usually formulated e.g.: - which day does the blastocyste enter the uterus? Which day does the implantation begin etc

-facts about trophoblast - 13th day etc - what’s happening - in depth

-if you do have time to spare, read about this topic in Langman - if you’re not going to read Langmann, please, learn the schemes from there and the structures they represent - pictures with arrows pointing at a structure which you have to name is very common in the final exam

4.Development and implantation of the blastocyst

-page 42-49 in Langman

5.Anomalies of implantation, ectopic pregnancy

-page 55,56 in Langmann

6.Development of the amniotic and yolk sacs, chorion


 * Langman page 50-54
 * !Langman page 68-69!-read this one if you don’t fully understand it from the presentation and definitely go through the schemes and labels!!

It should start to make a bit more sense also when you learn about the placenta

7.Embryonic disc and its differentiation + 8.Formation of the germ layers

-that’s quite nicely put in the video I attached for early development or Langmann page 59-61

9.Development of the ectoderm and its differentiation + 10.Development of the neuroectoderm and its differentiation + 11.Neural crest and its differentiation - video 2 (just know the list of structures which develop from it!!!)


 * Langman 72-77 - if you don’t have time to read the text, PLEASE go through the pictures/schemes and its labels

12.Development of the mesoderm and its differentiation

The basics:

>Paraaxial - bones, muscles, dermis

>Intermediate - urogenital system

>Lateral:

a)parietal = somatic

b)visceral = splanchnic

- Langman page 80-85

13.Development of the axial structures (notogenesis) + 14.Development of the notochord and its significance for development of other structures

Page 59-61

This video should help you imagine the processes quite well - video 3

15.Development of the endoderm and its differentiation

Page 87-89

16.Origin and further development of the mesenchyme

Page 80-84

17.Early development of the cardiovascular system

-know what’s angiogenesis X vasculogenesis

Page 85 Langman

(18.Primitive blood circulation

Langman page 216-219) - it’s more of an anatomy question

19.Development of the facial region, nasal and oral cavity

Schemes from Langman p.300-306 are vital for this question

This video should be enough - video 4

20.Development of the tooth

-page 302, continues on pages 309-310

(video 5) - i couldn’t find a better video

22.Development and anomalies of the umbilical cord

Development - page 118-119

abnormalies - page 114 and 120

21.Development and structure of fetal membranes+

23.Structure of the placenta + 25.Development of chorionic villi, hemoplacental barrier

-Langman p 110-118

24.Development and anomalies of the placenta - should be in the presentations

26.Growth of the conceptus, development of its shape + 27.Childbirth (parturition), signs of the full-term baby

-langman page 106-109

28.Multiple pregnancies, twins and their fetal membranes

Langman page 121-123

29.Summary of causes and manifestations of developmental anomalies

-study from presentations

30.Basic conditions of teratogenesis, teratogens, critical periods

Important: cirical period: 3-8th week

And as for any histology topic, it's vital to use PRESENTATIONS - from lectures as well as from practicals

Good luck with the final exam!