Brief Overview of Arrhythmias (Nurse)

Sinus Tachycardia

 * Pulse over 100/min., acceleration occurs gradually.
 * The rhythm is regular.
 * P waves normal shape, QRS normal.

Sinus bradycardia

 * P below 60/min.
 * The rhythm is regular.
 * P waves and QRS normal.

Atrial extrasystoles

 * Premature P-QRS-T complex (comes earlier).
 * The P wave has a different shape, the QRS is normal.
 * Incomplete compensation break.

Flutter the halls

 * P waves are saw-shaped, partially extending below the isoline, frequency around 300/min. (F waves)
 * The pulse depends on the degree of blocked waves (mostly around 150).
 * The rhythm is regular in the untreated and irregular in the treated.
 * QRS normal.

Atrial fibrillation

 * Pulse around 150–200/ min.
 * Irregular rhythm.
 * Abnormal P waves with a frequency of around 600/min., difficult to distinguish.
 * QRS normal.

Junctional, substitute rhythm

 * Pulse around 40–60/min.
 * The rhythm is regular.
 * P waves negative, in leads II, III, aVF located before, after or in the QRS.
 * QRS normal.

Ventricular extrasystole

 * Irregular rhythm.
 * Premature contraction followed by a complete pause.
 * Wide QRS.
 * Accumulated extrasystoles are dangerous.

Ventricular Tachycardia

 * Pulse 150-200/min.
 * QRS bizarre shape, tall.
 * Sudden ending and beginning.
 * The P wave is usually not visible.

Ventricular Flutter

 * Pulse over 200/min.
 * QRS wide, bizarre, change in amplitude.

Ventricular fibrillation

 * This is ventricular fibrillation, when cardiac activity without mechanical work can be seen on the ECG.
 * QRS replaced by waves.

S-A blockades

 * The entire P-QRS-T complex drops out, only isolines.
 * In partial block, the resulting pause is a multiple of the P-P time of the previous rhythm.
 * In complete block, the pause is usually interrupted by a junctional rhythm or a replacement ventricular rhythm.

A-V Block I Grade

 * Longer time between P-Q → everything will be converted, but slowly.
 * Rhythm regular, waves normal.

A-V II. degree, 1. type

 * Gradual lengthening of P-Q and after a certain number one complex falls out and only the P wave remains.
 * QRS blocking periodically repeats, they are of normal width.

A-V block II. degree, 2nd type

 * Sudden dropout of the QRS and only the P wave is recorded, without prolongation of the P-Q interval.
 * QRS blocking comes irregularly, QRS wide.

A-V block III. degrees

 * P 40-60/min.
 * P wave frequency is higher than QRS, P waves are unrelated to QRS.
 * QRS normal or widened.
 * May result in ventricular arrest where only P waves are visible on the EKG.

Blockade P Tawar arms

 * QRS widening, in lead V1.2 resembles the letter M.
 * In lead V6, I, aVL there is a markedly wide S or QS.
 * The T wave is the opposite of the QRS deflection.

Asystole

 * This is cardiac arrest, without electrical activity.