Guide to Histology and Embryology Final/Embryology Oral

This guide was created for you to learn as much embryology in the least amount of time possible.

! The questions are numbered according to the numbers of questions in the list for the final exam (can be found in SIS->subjects->histology)

! There are 5 videos mentioned in the text below - the link to each will be in the MedSoc drive or shared using other channels (the reason being copyright)

! The pages mentioned in the guide are referring to Langman's Medical Embryology - 14th edition which can be downloaded from the MedSoc drive or borrowed in the library

General embryology

- It's  not  necessary to study molecular regulation in Langman

- Study the clinical correlations only when the question explicitly says so

1. Development (maturation) of sperm

2. Development (maturation) of oocyte

- These first two questions are nicely put in Junqueira.

3. Fertilization and early development of the human embryo

- Watch the youtube video 1 (you can leave out the details about the fast/slow block to polyspermy in the video - not necessary for the exam)

- Remember what’s happening each day with the zygote!!! - questions in the final exams e.g.: Which day does the blastocyst enter the uterus? Which day does the implantation begin etc

- Facts about trophoblast - 13th day etc - what’s happening - in depth

- If you do have time to spare, read about this topic in Langman - if you’re not going to read Langman, please, learn the schemes from there and the structures they represent - pictures with arrows pointing at a structure which you have to name is very common in the final exam

4. Development and implantation of the blastocyst

- Page 42-49 in Langman

5. Anomalies of implantation, ectopic pregnancy

- Page 55,56 in Langmann

6. Development of the amniotic and yolk sacs, chorion It should start to make a bit more sense also when you learn about the placenta
 * Langman page 50-54
 * !Langman page 68-69! - read this one if you don’t fully understand it from the presentation and definitely go through the schemes and labels!!

7. Embryonic disc and its differentiation + 8. Formation of the germ layers

- That’s quite nicely put in the video I attached for early development or Langmann page 59-61

9. Development of the ectoderm and its differentiation + 10. Development of the neuroectoderm and its differentiation + 11. Neural crest and its differentiation - video 2 (just know the list of structures which develop from it!!!) 12. Development of the mesoderm and its differentiation
 * Langman 72-77 - if you don’t have time to read the text, PLEASE go through the pictures/schemes and its labels

- The basics:

> Paraaxial - bones, muscles, dermis

> Intermediate - urogenital system

> Lateral:

a) parietal = somatic

b) visceral = splanchnic

- Langman page 80-85 & ninja nerd

13. Development of the axial structures (notogenesis) + 14. Development of the notochord and its significance for development of other structures

- Page 59-61

- This video should help you imagine the processes quite well - video 3

15. Development of the endoderm and its differentiation

- Page 87-89

16. Origin and further development of the mesenchyme

- Page 80-84

17. Early development of the cardiovascular system

- Know what’s angiogenesis vs vasculogenesis

- Page 85 Langman

18. Primitive blood circulation

- Langman page 216-219 - it’s more of an anatomy question

19. Development of the facial region, nasal and oral cavity

- Schemes from Langman page 300-306 are crucial for this question

- This video should be enough - video 4

20. Development of the tooth

- Page 302 & continues on pages 309-310

- video 5, i couldn’t find a better video

22. Development and anomalies of the umbilical cord

- Development: page 118-119

- Anomalies: page 114 & 120

21. Development and structure of fetal membranes+ 23. Structure of the placenta + 25.Development of chorionic villi, hemoplacental barrier

- Langman page 110-118

24. Development and anomalies of the placenta

- Should be in the presentations

26. Growth of the conceptus, development of its shape + 27. Childbirth (parturition), signs of the full-term baby

- Langman page 106-109

28. Multiple pregnancies, twins and their fetal membranes

- Langman page 121-123

29. Summary of causes and manifestations of developmental anomalies

- Study from presentations

30. Basic conditions of teratogenesis, teratogens, critical periods

- Important: critical period: 3-8th week

And as for any histology topic, it's vital to use PRESENTATIONS - from lectures as well as from practicals

Good luck, wish you all the best in the finals!

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