Patient/client monitoring at UPV/SŠ (nurse)

Clinical surveillance

 * Chest movements:
 * Symmetry of movements - do both sides of the chest rise the same during inhalation?
 * Synchronization with the respiratory cycle of the ventilator - does the curve recorded on the monitor agree with the respiratory manifestations of P/K?
 * Skin Color:
 * Cyanosis – peripheral or central?
 * Listening phenomena:
 * Wheezing, wheezing, "bubbling" – bronchospasm, development of pulmonary edema.
 * Administration of breathing mixture in case of balloon leakage - foamy sputum from the mouth.
 * Engagement of accessory respiratory muscles indicates P/K difficulties with ventilation.



Monitoring gas exchange

 * Pulse oximetry, oxygen saturation:
 * Beware of CO or cyanide intoxications → increase oxygen saturation values.
 * Methemoglobinemia - the saturation value is recorded lower than it actually is.
 * Attention to the reduction of peripheral circulation caused by P/K cold, administration of catecholamines or e.g. during fever etc.


 * Capnometry and capnography
 * EtCO 2 values ​​are given in different units – kPa, %, mmHg.
 * The capnograph should display a waveform similar to that recorded by the ventilator.
 * Investigation according to ASTRUP :
 * Sampling of arterial, capillary, venous blood → the results can be compared, the oxygen consumption of the periphery can be evaluated.

Monitoring physiological functions

 * EKG :
 * Tachycardia occurs during difficulties.
 * Rhythm disorders.
 * Blood pressure, hemodynamic invasive monitoring:
 * Increase in blood pressure during exercise, after rehabilitation, etc.
 * Breathing frequency:
 * Tachypnea, apnoeic pauses, pathological breathing.
 * Hyperventilation during fevers, tremors, during exertion.
 * Body temperature:
 * TT increases during exertion, tachypnea, hyperventilation occurs during fevers.
 * State of consciousness :
 * The depth of relaxation, the quality and quantity of consciousness - evaluation of the condition according to the requirements for the ventilation mode.

echnology monitoring

 * Recording the values ​​shown by the fan, the monitor.
 * Fan synchronization monitoring - P/K.

Related Articles

 * Cardiopulmonary monitoring
 * Overview of airway management
 * Intubation - in children
 * Endotracheal intubation
 * Difficult intubation
 * Tracheostomy
 * Coniotomy
 * Laryngospasm
 * Non-invasive pulmonary ventilation/SŠ (nurse)
 * Artificial pulmonary ventilation/SŠ (nurse)
 * Oxygen therapy
 * PEEP
 * Lung volumes