Typical facial clefts

Typical facial clefts are many times more common than atypical. The most serious are general clefts.

The first genetic group

 * cleft lip, lip + jaw, general clefts
 * one- / two-sided
 * complete / incomplete
 * more often left-sided

Cleft lip

 * indicated – a small notch on the border of the lip in red in the place of the 2nd upper incisor
 * incomplete – lip split to different heights
 * complete – affects the entire lip incl. nostril threshold

Cleft lip and jaw

 * the jaw can be cleft from a notch on the jaw to a complete cleft of the jaw into the foramen incisivum
 * in bilateral cases, the intermaxilla is pushed forward

Split total

 * the most difficult form I. genetic sk.
 * affected lip, jaw and palate
 * unilateral: deformation of the alveolar arch
 * bilateral: strongly advanced intermaxilla, depression of both lateral segments, nasal skin septum absent

The second genetic group

 * isolated cleft palate
 * partial – soft palate only
 * complete – hard and soft palate affected (often up to foramen incisivum)
 * submucosal – splayed soft palate muscles covered by intact mucosal duplication + cleft uvula

Cleft microforms

 * in both genetic studies; disposition to own clefts in offspring
 * asymmetric drop of the nose wing
 * upper lip scar and coloboma
 * deformation of the alveolar arch
 * atypia of shape + position of lateral incisors
 * Cleft uvula + Gothic palate

Related articles

 * Facial clefts
 * Atypical facial clefts
 * The oral cavity
 * Nasal cavity