Portal:Questions for State Examination in Internal Medicine (1.LF, GM)

Cardiology and angiology

 * 1) Arterial hypertension
 * 2) Secondary arterial hypertension
 * 3) Treatment of arterial hypertension - major classes of antihyertensive drugs and their main pharmacological properties
 * 4) Atherosclerosis risk factors; assessment of total cardiovascular risk
 * 5) Multifactorial approach to cardiovascular risk reduction; primary and secondary prevention
 * 6) Treatment of tobacco use and dependence
 * 7) Coronary heart disease  - pathogenesis and clinical manifestations
 * 8) Chronic forms of coronary heart disease
 * 9) Treatment of chronic forms of coronary heart disease
 * 10) Unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevations
 * 11) Acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevations
 * 12) Treatment of acute coronary syndromes
 * 13) Complications of acute myocardial infarction
 * 14) Mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation
 * 15) Aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation
 * 16) Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection
 * 17) Valvular diseases of right heart (esp. tricuspid. regurgitation)
 * 18) Diseases of the pericardium; cardiac tamponade
 * 19) Myocarditis
 * 20) Cardiomyopathies
 * 21) Infective endocarditis
 * 22) Chronic heart failure
 * 23) Treatment of chronic heart failure
 * 24) Acute heart failure, pulmonary edema
 * 25) Bradyarrhytmias and bundle branch blocks
 * 26) Supraventricular arrhytmias
 * 27) Ventricular arrhytmias
 * 28) Atrial fibrilation, its complications and treatment
 * 29) Principles of therapy of arrhytmias
 * 30) Cardiopulmonary arrest; cardiopulmonary resuscitation
 * 31) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; basic and advanced life support
 * 32) Shock
 * 33) Syncope and presyncope
 * 34) Pulmonary embolism
 * 35) Pulmonary hypertension; cor pulmonale
 * 36) Deep vein thrombosis
 * 37) Treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
 * 38) Diseases of the superficial venous system
 * 39) Varicose veins; chronic venous insufficiency
 * 40) Acute forms of peripheral arterial disease
 * 41) Chronic forms of peripheral arterial disease
 * 42) Treatment of peripheral arterial disease
 * 43) Cerebrovascular disease

Gastroenterology and hematology

 * 1) Diseases of esophagus
 * 2) Gastritis and gastropathy
 * 3) Peptic ulcer disease
 * 4) Treatment of peptic ulcer disease
 * 5) Tumors of the stomach and duodenum
 * 6) Gastroinstestinal hemorrhage (hematemesis, melena, hematochezia - rectal bleeding)
 * 7) Nausea, vomiting, singultus
 * 8) Malabsorption
 * 9) Diverticula of the gastrointestinal tract; diverticular disease of the colon
 * 10) Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
 * 11) Treatment of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
 * 12) Polyps of the gastrointestinal tract; inherited polyposis syndromes
 * 13) Colorectal cancer
 * 14) Colorectal cancer screening and prevention
 * 15) Diseases of the rectum and anus
 * 16) Upper and lower gastrointestinal functional disorders
 * 17) Constipation and diarrhea
 * 18) Symptomatic therapy of nauzea, vomiting, constipation and diarrhea
 * 19) Acute cholecystitis and cholangitis
 * 20) Cholelithiasis and chronic cholecystitis
 * 21) Hepatobiliary tumors
 * 22) Jaundice
 * 23) Viral hepatitis
 * 24) Treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis
 * 25) Metabolic disorders of the liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, porfyria, Wilson´s disease, hemochromatosis)
 * 26) Cirrhosis of the liver
 * 27) Hepatic failure
 * 28) Portal hypertension;esophageal variceal hemorrhage
 * 29) Treatment of  hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic failure
 * 30) Acute and chronic pancreatitis
 * 31) Carcinoma of the pancreas
 * 32) Tumors od GI tract (including endocrine tumors)

Endocrinology and metabolism

 * 1) Type 1 diabetes mellitus
 * 2) Type 2 diabetes mellitus
 * 3) Acute complications of diabetes mellitus
 * 4) Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus
 * 5) Treatment of diabetes mellitus
 * 6) Metabolic osteopathies. Paget disease
 * 7) Treatment of osteoporosis
 * 8) Disorders of calcium and phosphate homeostasis
 * 9) Malnutrition
 * 10) Enteral and parenteral nutrition
 * 11) Prevention and treatment of malnutrition, artifical nutrition
 * 12) Vitamin dieficiencies
 * 13) Dyslipidemias
 * 14) Treatment of dyslipidemias
 * 15) Obesity
 * 16) Treatment of obesity
 * 17) Metabolic syndrome
 * 18) Disorders of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland; diabetes insipidus
 * 19) Diseases of the anterior pituitary
 * 20) Diseases of the thyroid gland
 * 21) Hyperthyreoidism
 * 22) Hypothyreoidism
 * 23) Goiter; thyroiditis; tumors of the thyroid gland
 * 24) Diseases of the parathyroid glands
 * 25) Diseases of the adrenal cortex
 * 26) Cushing’s syndrome
 * 27) Adrenocortical insufficiency; principles of therapy of hypocortisolism
 * 28) Gonadal diseases; multiple endocrine neoplasia; polyglandular autoimmune syndromes

Nephrology

 * 1) Acute renal failure
 * 2) Treatment of acute renal failure
 * 3) Chronic renal failure
 * 4) Conservative treatment of chronic renal failure and its complications
 * 5) Glomerulonephritis
 * 6) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
 * 7) Secondary glomerulopathies
 * 8) Nephrotic syndrome
 * 9) Tubulointerstitial nephritis
 * 10) Hereditary nephropaties; polycystic kidney disease
 * 11) Urinary tract infections and acute pyelonephritis
 * 12) Treatment of urinary tract infections
 * 13) Urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis
 * 14) Renal tumors
 * 15) Hypertension and the kidney
 * 16) Diabetes and the kidney
 * 17) Hemodialysis; peritoneal dialysis; kidney transplantation
 * 18) Disordesr of water and sodium balance
 * 19) Disordesr of potassium balance
 * 20) Disordesr of acid-base balance

Pneumology

 * 1) Acute infections of the lower airways
 * 2) Chronic bronchitis; bronchiectasis
 * 3) Inflammatory lung diseases - pneumonia, lung abscess
 * 4) Antibiotic and adjunctive therapy of respiratory tract infections
 * 5) Pulmonary tuberculosis
 * 6) Bronchial asthma
 * 7) Treatment of bronchial asthma
 * 8) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
 * 9) Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
 * 10) Lung fibroses
 * 11) Granulomatous diseases of the lung
 * 12) Pleural diseases
 * 13) Diseases of the mediastinum
 * 14) Lung carcinoma
 * 15) Hemoptysis
 * 16) Pneumothorax
 * 17) Respiratory failure
 * 18) Respiratory emergencies

Hematology

 * 1) Sideropenic anemia; anemia of chronic diseases
 * 2) Megaloblastic anemias, pernicious anemia
 * 3) Hemolytic anemias, congenital
 * 4) Hemolytic anemias, aquired
 * 5) Bone marrow aplasia
 * 6) Bleeding disorders due to coagulation abnormalities
 * 7) Autoimunne thrombocytopenias
 * 8) Bleeding disorders due to platelet abnormalities: thrombocytopathies, thrombocytopenias (except ITP)
 * 9) Disseminated intravascular coagulation
 * 10) Myelodysplatic syndrome
 * 11) Acute leukemias
 * 12) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and related diseases
 * 13) Chronic myeloid leukemia
 * 14) Non-Hodgkin´s lymphomas
 * 15) Hodgkin´s disease
 * 16) Myeloproliferative diseases (except CML)
 * 17) Multiple myeloma
 * 18) Monoclonal gammapathies and diseases associated with MG; amyloidosis
 * 19) Thrombophilias
 * 20) Principls of supportive care in hematology
 * 21) Febrile neutropenia
 * 22) Blood transfusion procedure; complications of blood transfusion
 * 23) Principles of rational use of blood transfusion; blood transfusion products and blood derivatives. Prerequisites for blood donation; screening and examination of donors
 * 24) Hemapheresis in clinical hematology and transfusion medicine

Rheumatology and immunology

 * 1) Rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopatic arthritis
 * 2) Ankylosing spondylitis
 * 3) Reactive arthritis and psoriatic arthritis
 * 4) Systemic lupus erythematosus
 * 5) Systemic sclerosis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis
 * 6) Sjögren´s syndrome
 * 7) Gout
 * 8) Osteoartrhritis and spondylarthritis
 * 9) Extra-articular rheumatism
 * 10) Infectious arthtritis
 * 11) Osteoporosis
 * 12) Treatment of rheumatic diseases; biological therapy
 * 13) Systemic vasculitis
 * 14) Primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases
 * 15) Allergic diseases; drug alergy

Miscellaneous topics

 * 1) Special problems in the geriatric patients
 * 2) Principal geriatric syndromes
 * 3) Psychiatric disorders in the geriatric patients
 * 4) Specific aspects of pharmacotherapy in the elderly
 * 5) Lyme disease
 * 6) Disorders due to heat and cold
 * 7) Electrical injuriy
 * 8) Poisoning with alcohol and methanol
 * 9) Carbon monoxide poisoning
 * 10) Mushroom poisoning
 * 11) Poisoning with psychiatric drugs
 * 12) Poisoning with analgesic drugs incl. opioids
 * 13) Principles of pain management; side-effects of analgesic drugs
 * 14) Systemic and topical corticosteroid therapy; side-effects of the therapy
 * 15) General approach to the treamtnet of acute poisoning
 * 16) Preoperative medical evaluation

Differential diagnosis

 * 1) Differential diagnosis of chest pain
 * 2) Differential diagnosis of dysponoea (breathlessness)
 * 3) Differential diagnosis of palpitations
 * 4) Differential diagnosis of altered consciousness
 * 5) Differential diagnosis of edema
 * 6) Differential diagnosis of pleural effusion
 * 7) Differential diagnosis of anorexia (loss of appetite) and weight loss
 * 8) Differential diagnosis of dysphagia
 * 9) Differential diagnosis of abdominal pain
 * 10) Differential diagnosis of hepatomegaly a splenomegaly
 * 11) Differential diagnosis of ascites
 * 12) Differential diagnosis of jaundice
 * 13) Differential diagnosis of nausea and vomiting
 * 14) Differential diagnosis of hematemesis
 * 15) Differential diagnosis of melena and hematochezia (rectal bleeding)
 * 16) Differential diagnosis of anemia
 * 17) Differential diagnosis of lymph node enlargement (lymphadenopathy)
 * 18) Differential diagnosis of fever
 * 19) Differential diagnosis of raised ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP values
 * 20) Differential diagnosis of joint swelling and pain
 * 21) Differential diagnosis of hematuria
 * 22) Differential diagnosis of oliguria and anuria
 * 23) Differential diagnosis of renal failure
 * 24) Differential diagnosis of elevated liver enzymes