Congenita muscularis torticollis

Congenital muscular torticollis is caused by shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle with the head tilted to the affected side.
 * In general, torticollis can be congenital or acquired (ocular, neurogenic, psychogenic, secondary to infection or trauma );
 * etiology of congenital torticollis: not exactly known (muscle rupture, intrauterine malposition, pressure, ischemia, genetic factors); incidence 0.4%; appears 2 weeks after birth, swelling increases within 4 months ;
 * treatment is surgical: total extirpation of the fibrotic sternocleidomastoid muscle, upper / lower tenotomy of the muscle attachment, Ferkel's operation (Z-plasty of the muscle with its lengthening).

Related Articles

 * Congenital neck deformities (plastic surgery)
 * Acquired neck deformities (plastic surgery)
 * Birth trauma

References [ edit | edit source ]

 * MEŠŘÁK, Jan, et al. Introduction to plastic surgery. 1st edition. Prague: Charles University in Prague - Karolinum Publishing House, 2005. 125 pp.  ISBN 80-246-1150-3.