Roy's adaptation model of nursing

Roy's conceptual model or adaptation model is a model based on a person's ability to adapt to changed living conditions.

Callista Roy
(*14.10. 1939', Los Angeles, USA) Callista Roy is an American nun, nurse, professor and author of the adaptation model of nursing. She is a member of the American Academy of Sciences, a person of America, a member of NANDA and the world organization of women.

The Adaptation Model of Nursing
In order to preserve one's own integrity and homeostasis, a person must constantly respond to changes in the organism or environment through innate and acquired mechanisms. According to Roy, the goal of nursing is to help a person strengthen his health by supporting adaptation to both external and internal stimuli.

Types of stimuli influencing the adaptation response

 * Incentives main
 * local, focal
 * the individual here reacts immediately
 * e.g. birth, fracture
 * Situational, contextual stimuli
 * result from the present time and environment
 * Personality, residual incentives
 * include opinions, character traits or attitudes

When the stimuli are combined, a positive or negative adaptive reaction is induced, which leads to a certain behavior and then to adaptation or maladaptation.

The role of the nurse in the adaptation model
When applying the adaptation model, the nurse focuses on a total of 4 areas:
 * 1) Physiological needs - e.g. activity, nutrition, rest, etc.
 * 2) Self-concept - a set of characteristics that a person attributes to himself.
 * 3) Social role - primary (age, gender) and secondary (related to life period - parent, doctor, patient, etc.)
 * 4) Interdependence - balance between agreement or disagreement, can be positive or negative

Adaptation Syndrome
Adaptation takes place according to a certain algorithm - i.e. adaptation syndrome. It takes place in different phases and results in either "active adaptation" or "maladaptation". Phase:
 * 1) Alarm reaction - i.e. helplessness or the search for certainty and safety
 * 2) Active adaptation phase - i.e. stabilization, balance and calming down
 * 3) Exhaustion phase - i.e. exhaustion of the body's reserves and subsequent deterioration of health

Use in practice
Roy uses a total of 6 stages nursing process, instead of the original 5.

Phase:
 * 1) Assessment of patient behavior
 * 2) Assessment of acting stimuli
 * 3) Establishing a nursing diagnosis
 * 4) Goal Setting
 * 5) Nursing Interventions
 * 6) Evaluation

The starting point of the model according to Roy is stress. The result of adaptation is effective and ineffective behavior'. Nursing intervenes only in ineffective behavior.

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