Salmonella enteritidis

 'Salmonellosis'  is one of the most common ] diarrheal diseases in children and adults. There are more than 2000 serotypes of salmonella. In people in our condition, the diseases is most often caused by  Salmonella enteritidis  and  S. typhimurium . The source of the infection are animals, birds and their products - meat and eggs. Thus, it is anthropozoonosis. Symptoms of GIT disability predominate.

Only small amount of salmonella types are adapted to humans, these include S. typhi, S. paratyphi A a S. paratyphi C. Their typical symptom is gever.

Etiology and epidemiology
Source of infection is an infected animal, rarely a human. The vehicle of the infection is "contaminated food" - insufficiently processed meat and egg products (mayonnaise, egg creams, ice cream, meatloaf, stuffing, etc., especially of unknown or unreliable origin).  'The infectious dose'  is  'high'  (10 6 –10 9 live microbes are required for infection). Newborns, infants and people with reduced stomach acidity are more susceptible, in whom significantly lower amounts of microbes are enough for infection. Direct human-to-human transmission is unlikely and occurs only in the case of very serious personal hygiene defects or in people with a low state of immunity.

Salmonellosis, together with Campylobacter enteritis, is currently one of the most common foodborne infections. The incidence of salmonellosis in the Czech Republic since 2010 is around 100 cases / 100,000 inhabitants (culminating in 1995 - about 500 cases / 100,000 inhabitants ). The current situation is probably also the result of appropriate zoohygienic measures, including vaccination of poultry.

The infection has a typical seasonal course with a maximum in the summer months. The most affected age category are children under the age of 5.

 'Incubation time'  is 8-48 hours (usually  '10 -12 hours' ).

Clinical picture

 * Reluctance, vomiting, fever, watery to green stools,
 * squeaking and abdominal pain
 * with prolonged dehydration there is a risk of extrarenal uremia to death,
 * in immunocompromised people, a typhoid course can occur - fever dominates,
 * organ involvement - osteomyelitis,  endocarditis or abscess in soft tissues may rarely occur,
 * Salmonella excretion can persist for weeks to months.

Therapy

 * Rehydration, adjustment of mineral metabolism,
 * antibiotics are not suitable - they usually prolong the time of salmonella excretion,
 * disinfectant ( Endiaron  & reg;) or adsorbent containing kaolin ( Smecta  & reg;) can be given,
 *  'contraindicated'  are agents that slow down peristalsis,
 * with persistent positivity in convalescence, event. fluoroquinolones - ,
 * in case of typhoid course or in case of organ manifestations, hospitalization and intensive ATB treatment is necessary (chloramphenicol, 3rd generation cephalosporins, possibly fluoroquinolones)

Související články

 * Hygienic supervision of food safety