Vitamin K

Vitamin K is group of compounds derivated from 2-methyl-1,4-naftochinon (IUPAC: 2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione).

Role
It has an important role in normal blood clotting (factors II, VII, IX and X are vitamin K dependent, because it works as cofactor in carboxylation of glutamic acid to γ-carboxyglutamic acid which is essential for calcium binding on these factors), for synthesis of protein C and S and it is also needed to help build strong bones.

Source
It is found in green leafy vegetables, such as broccoli and spinach, pulses, vegetable oils, cereals, milk, milk products, meat, eggs and fruit. Bacteria in the intestines can also synthesis Vitamin K and contribute to the available pool.
 * requirement: 1 µ/kg/day (except newborns)

Excess
This can cause the breakdown of red blood cells and also liver damage. Therefore if a person is taking blood-thinning agents, they may need to limit the amount of Vitamin K intake.

Note: Vitamin K is an antidote for warfarin.

Deficiency
It is very rare in adults, but can occur in individuals that cannot absorb it properly, due to lack of intestinal bacteria, as well as those being treated long term with antibiotics. It can cause excessive bleeding and increased tendency to bruise. It may also be the cause of haemorrhagic disease of newborn, because placental transfer of vitamin K is very low, its level in breast milk is low as well. (prevention: 1 mg of vit. K intramuscularly 2–6 hours after birth and then 1 mg of vit. K per os every week till age one month, and for exclusively breast feeded children till age 6 months ).

Related articles

 * Fat Soluble Vitamins
 * Water Soluble Vitamins