Laboratory diagnosis of autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune diseases are diagnosed according to laboratory results, confirming a positive finding of autoantibodies against specific antigens using:
 * immuno-enzymatic methods (ELISA)
 * immunoblotting
 * immunofluorescence
 * immunoprecipitation
 * immunoelectrophoresis
 * agglutination (eg. for rheumatoid factor)

Non-organ-specific autoimmune antibodies

 * RF – rheumatoid factor, positive in rheumatoid arthritis


 * anti-CCP – IgG antibodies against cyclic citrulline peptide, 96% specificity for RA in combination with other clinical and laboratory findings


 * ANAb – anti-nuclear antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus


 * SMA - antibodies against smooth muscle, chronic active hepatitis


 * ScMAB – antibodies against striated muscles


 * GPCAb – antibodies against intrinsic factor


 * anti-ENA – antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens, Sjögren's syndrome


 * anti-dsDNA – antibodies against double-stranded DNA, SLE


 * ACAb – antibodies against centromeres, Raynaud's syndrome, sclerodermia

Gastroenterological diagnostics

 *  anti-gliadin IgA, IgG – celiac disease


 *  anti-endomysial antibodies IgA, IgG – celiac disease


 *  anti-tTG IgA, IgG – antibodies against tissue transglutaminase, celiac disease


 *  ASCA – against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in up to 80% of patients with Crohn's disease


 *  anti-exocrine pancreas


 *  anti-goblet cells


 *  anti-cow milk


 *  serum calprotein


 *  fecal calprotein

Hepatic diagnostics

 *  AMAb – anti-mitochondrial, 60-90% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis


 *  anti-LKM 1 – antibodies against the enzyme especially in the liver. cells (Liver-Kidney-Microsome)


 *  liver blotting

Nephrological diagnostics

 * ANCA – against neutrophil cytoplasm, occurrence in systemic necrotizing vasculitis and idiopathic rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis


 * ANCA profile


 * anti-GBM – Goodpasture Syndrome


 * anti-C1q – against the C1q component of complement, systemic lupus erythematosus

Cardiovascular diagnostics

 * APLA IgG, IgM – antibodies against membrane phospholipids, antiphospholipid syndrome

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 * '''APLA profile


 * AECA – antibodies against mitochondria


 * anti-myocardium

Neurological diagnostics

 * anti-Purkinje cells


 * anti-neuronal


 * anti-gangliosides IgG, IgM


 * anti-MAG – anti-Myelin-Associated-Glycoprotein, anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy


 * anti-inner ear

Dermatological diagnostics

 * anti-desmosomes – pemphigus vulgaris


 * anti-BM epidermis – bullous pemphigus

Reproductive diagnostics

 * anti-ovarian


 * anti-zona pellucida


 * anti-sperm

Related articles

 * Autoimmune diseases
 * ELISA