Malignant tumors of the salivary glands

Malignant tumors of the salivary glands are divided into epithelial and mesenchymal. The most common are Acinocellular carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma , adenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindrical) and pleomorphic adenoma. The therapy is surgical - radical. Patients with Sjögren's syndrome have an increased incidence of salivary gland lymphomas.

Malignant epithelial tumors
They come from the glandular parenchyma. These include acinocellular carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Acinocellular carcinoma

 * The most common malignant tumor from salivary gland acins (the following cancers are from ductal / myoepithelial cells).
 * Finding mainly in gl. parotis.
 * More common in women.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

 * They make up about 5% of salivary gland tumors.
 * It consists of mucus-producing cells, epidermoid bb and bb of the transitional type, and is usually imperfectly encapsulated.
 * Low malignancy – well-differentiated, cystic structures lined with mucous bb.
 * Highly malignant - low-differentiated, solid epidermoid bb, mucus bb are in the minority.
 * Prognosis: 70-90% of patients survive 5 years.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

 * They make up 40% of glandular cancers.
 * It occurs in three forms - glandular, solid and tubular.
 * It consists of ductal and myoepithelial cells.
 * Metastasizes to regional nodes and remotely to the lungs, skeleton.
 * The prognostic depends on the extent of the tumor and the radicality of the surgical procedure.
 * The solid form is the least favorable.
 * It mainly affects the small salivary glands of the palate, less often the large salivary glands.
 * It also spreads perineurally, sometimes intraneurally.

Carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma

 * It is caused by a malignant transformation of a benign tumor.
 * This is reported to be 3-4%.
 * We distinguish according to the histological structure into true, malignant and mixed.
 * Acceleration of growth will indicate a malignant transformation.

Malignant mesenchymal tumors
Benign mesenchymal tumors such as hemangioendothelioma, lipoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma most often appear in the salivary glands. Of the malignant tumors, only malignant lymphoma is included. Malignant lymphoma is divided into two categories according to etiology: primary, arising in Sjogren's syndrome, or secondary in generalization.

Related articles

 * Salivary glands
 * Benign rumors of the salivary glands

Source

 * ws:Maligní nádory slinných žláz