Guide to Histology and Embryology Final/Embryology Oral

This guide was created for you to learn as much embryology in the least amount of time possible.

! The questions are numbered according to the numbers of questions in the list for the final exam (can be found in SIS->subjects->histology).

! There are 5 videos mentioned in the text below - the link to each will be in the MedSoc drive or shared using other channels (the reason being copyright).

! The pages mentioned in the guide are referring to Langman's Medical Embryology - 14th edition which can be downloaded from the MedSoc drive or borrowed in the library.

''From the year 2021/22, the final exam is based on MCQ test and analysis of slides. Oral exam based of these questions takes into account only if one fails three-times (see rules in SIS).''

General embryology
General remarks:
 * It's  not  necessary to study molecular regulation in Langman.
 * Study the clinical correlations only when the question explicitly says so


 * 1. Development (maturation) of sperm
 * 2. Development (maturation) of oocyte
 * These first two questions are nicely put in Junqueira.


 * 3. Fertilization and early development of the human embryo
 * Watch the youtube video 1 (you can leave out the details about the fast/slow block to polyspermy in the video - not necessary for the exam)
 * Remember what’s happening each day with the zygote!!! - questions in the final exams e.g.: Which day does the blastocyst enter the uterus? Which day does the implantation begin etc
 * Facts about trophoblast - 13th day etc - what’s happening - in depth
 * If you do have time to spare, read about this topic in Langman - if you’re not going to read Langman, please, learn the schemes from there and the structures they represent - pictures with arrows pointing at a structure which you have to name is very common in the final exam


 * 4. Development and implantation of the blastocyst
 * Langman, pages 42-49


 * 5. Anomalies of implantation, ectopic pregnancy
 * Langman, pages 55 & 56

It should start to make a bit more sense also when you learn about the placenta
 * 6. Development of the amniotic and yolk sacs, chorion
 * Langman, pages 50-54
 * Langman, pages 68-69 - read this one if you don’t fully understand it from the presentation and definitely go through the schemes and labels!!


 * 7. Embryonic disc and its differentiation + 8. Formation of the germ layers
 * That’s quite nicely put in the video I attached for early development or Langmann, pages 59-61


 * 9. Development of the ectoderm and its differentiation
 * 10. Development of the neuroectoderm and its differentiation
 * 11. Neural crest and its differentiation - video 2 (just know the list of structures which develop from it!!!)
 * Langman, pages 72-77 - if you don’t have time to read the text, PLEASE go through the pictures/schemes and its labels


 * 12. Development of the mesoderm and its differentiation
 * Langman, pages 80-85 & ninja nerd
 * The basics:
 * Paraaxial - bones, muscles, dermis
 * Intermediate - urogenital system
 * Lateral:
 * parietal = somatic
 * visceral = splanchnic


 * 13. Development of the axial structures (notogenesis)
 * 14. Development of the notochord and its significance for development of other structures
 * Langman, pages 59-61
 * This video should help you imagine the processes quite well - video 3


 * 15. Development of the endoderm and its differentiation
 * Langman, pages 87-89


 * 16. Origin and further development of the mesenchyme
 * Langman, pages 80-84


 * 17. Early development of the cardiovascular system
 * Know what’s angiogenesis vs vasculogenesis
 * Langman, pages 85


 * 18. Primitive blood circulation
 * Langman, pages 216-219 - it’s more of an anatomy question


 * 19. Development of the facial region, nasal and oral cavity
 * Schemes from Langman page 300-306 are crucial for this question
 * This video should be enough - video 4


 * 20. Development of the tooth
 * Langman, pages 302 & Langman, pages 309-310
 * video 5, i couldn’t find a better video


 * 22. Development and anomalies of the umbilical cord
 * Development: Langman, pages 118-119
 * Anomalies: Langman, pages 114 & 120


 * 21. Development and structure of fetal membranes
 * 23. Structure of the placenta
 * 25.Development of chorionic villi, hemoplacental barrier
 * Langman, pages 110-118


 * 24. Development and anomalies of the placenta
 * Should be in the presentations


 * 26. Growth of the conceptus, development of its shape + 27. Childbirth (parturition), signs of the full-term baby
 * Langman, pages 106-109


 * 28. Multiple pregnancies, twins and their fetal membranes
 * Langman, pages 121-123


 * 29. Summary of causes and manifestations of developmental anomalies
 * Study from presentations


 * 30. Basic conditions of teratogenesis, teratogens, critical periods
 * Last two lectures
 * Important: critical period: 3-8th week

And as for any histology topic, it's vital to use PRESENTATIONS - from lectures as well as from practicals.

Related Articles

 * Histology MCQs