Selected biochemical examinations in patients with diabetes mellitus (1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, VL, 2nd year)

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Disorders of energy metabolism, especially obesity, diabetes mellitus, conditions that precede diabetes (prediabetes) and so-called. metabolic syndrome, They are of extraordinary medical importance. Today, diabetes alone affects about 10% of the population of developed countries and its incidence is still growing. At the same time, it is a disease that is associated with a large number of complications and dramatically increases mortality and morbidity. Understanding diabetes and knowing the principles of its diagnosis and treatment is therefore essential for any healthcare professional.

Additional laboratory examinations of patients with diabetes
Insulin (Whereas the method of determination also immunoreactive insulin, IRI). Due to large fluctuations in levels during the day, interference with possible autoantibodies and the inability to distinguish endogenous insulin from insulin administered medicinally, it is usually determined during stress tests (oGTT). Values are reduced in type 1 diabetics, while insulin resistance syndrome is elevated.

Type 1 diabetes is also associated with positivity autoantibodies against the islets of Langerhans (ICA), against insulin (IAA) and in particular against one isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD 654).

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 * Blood glucose
 * Diabetes mellitus
 * Type 1 diabetes mellitus
 * Type 2 diabetes mellitus
 * Gestational diabetes
 * Borderline glycoregulation disorders
 * Glycaemia/determination
 * Oral glucose tolerance test
 * Glycated proteins
 * Glucose in urine
 * Ketone bodies in urine
 * C-peptide