Administration of transfusions

A transfusion is the giving of blood obtained from one person (donor) to another person (recipient).



Donation prerequisites

 * Age between 18-65 years, age over 60 is not recommended for the first collection (does not apply to autologous collections - blood for autotransfusion, and to the donation of hematopoietic cells for transplantation between blood relatives);


 * weight over 50 kg;


 * appropriate contact with the donor, consent of the donor.

Permanent exclusions include

 * Diabetes mellitus during insulin treatment,
 * epilepsy ,
 * bronchial asthma ,
 * hypertension ( systolic pressure ↑ 180 mmHg or diastolic pressure ↑ 110 mmHg),
 * diseases of the heart and blood vessels ( angina pectoris, irregularities in heart action , etc.),
 * infectious diseases ( viral hepatitis B, C , extrapulmonary TBC , syphilis , AIDS , HIV , etc.),
 * intoxication, alcohol, drugs, risky sexual behavior,
 * blood and blood diseases (bleeding conditions and more serious blood formation disorders),
 * kidney disease (e.g. chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis ),
 * persons after stomach resection ,
 * persons after transplantation ,
 * prevention of blood transmission of the human form of BSE (individuals who stayed in Great Britain or France for more than half a year in the period from 1980-1996,
 * individuals with a proven malaria disease ,
 * malignant diseases.

Temporary exclusions from donation

 * allergies (pollen allergies, hay fever or asthma in the stage of disease manifestations),
 * infectious diseases (TT above 38 degrees C – exclusion for 2 weeks after discontinuation of ATB and resolution of symptoms),
 * infectious mononucleosis - 1 year after complete recovery,
 * viral hepatitis A – 1 year after complete recovery,
 * persons after acupuncture, tattooing and piercing (6 months to 1 year),
 * pulmonary TB (exclusion for 2 years after recovery),
 * vaccination with live vaccines (TB, rubella ,...) 4 weeks after the application of vaccination,
 * vaccination – passive immunization ( influenza, tick-borne encephalitis , tetanus ,...) 48 hours after application, if there are no complications,
 * surgery (small surgical procedures – e.g. after tooth extraction), 1 week,
 * major operations – 6 months,
 * pregnancy – 9 months after childbirth and 1 month after the end of lactation,
 * persons after transfusion – 1 year.

Blood groups

 * Blood groups are organic substances found on the surface of cells, some even in blood serum;


 * we divide into blood groups of erythrocytes, leukocytes , thrombocytes , as well as serum and enzyme;


 * blood group characteristics are hereditary.

Occurrence of blood groups in the Czech lands

 * The most common is group A (approx. 43%),


 * further 0 (approx. 42%),


 * followed by group B (approx. 11%),


 * the lowest incidence is group AB (approx. 4%).

Autotransfusion

 * It is a safe, relatively risk-free method of blood transfusion;


 * it is performed in patients with planned extensive operations (the condition is that the patient is otherwise in a reasonable state of health);


 * blood is taken from the patient in the pre-operative period (the amount of blood taken depends on the blood count and the patient's clinical condition);


 * blood is preserved and prepared for retransfusion during surgery or in the first postoperative days;


 * it is preferable to separate the plasma and freeze it to preserve the coagulation factors ).

Advantages: exclusion of allergic, hemolytic and infectious complications.