Basics of searching in free sources

Internet - global information network

 * worldwide system of interconnected computer networks (the so-called "network of networks")
 * has no owner, no control centre that decides what, where and when is published on the network
 * the operation and further development of the Internet is handled by non-governmental organizations (ISOC - Internet Society, W3C - WWW Consortium)
 * it is free

History of the Internet

 * first vision of a computer network - 1946 in Murray Leinster's short story "A Logic named Joe"
 * originally developed for government and military purposes
 * 1969 - ARPANET - the first precursor - interconnecting 4 computer networks (USA)
 * 1972 - first e-mail program
 * 1973 - TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - allows data transfer between networked computers (today - TCP/IP - a set of protocols for computer network communication)
 * 1987 - The Internet was born
 * 1989 - design of the development of the www and hypertext
 * 1994 - commercialization of the Internet
 * 2006 - 1 billion users

Basic Internet services

 * WWW
 * electronic mail
 * Instant messaging
 * FTP
 * VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

Internet as an information resource

 * the selection of published information is not professionally edited or controlled
 * information is outdated, lacking dates of origin
 * poor quality, original source cannot be verified
 * no information on the origin of the source (original, adopted)

Web - visible x invisible

 * visible web (visible web, surface web) - freely searchable resources
 * invisible web (invisible web, deep web) - resources whose content is not accessible by standard search engines (they are invisible to them) - databases, password protected sites, unlinked websites

Visible Web Tools

 * subject catalogues' (browsing) - logically manually sorted links
 * List, Yahoo
 * search engines' (browsing, searching) - components robot, index, search engine
 * Google, ask.com, AltaVista, now www.cuil.com
 * metasearch engines - search multiple search engines in parallel
 * Metacrawler, Dogpile
 * www.vyhledavace.net

Search phrases, wildcards

 * quotes create a phrase
 * wild card symbols - ?, *, $

Boolean operators
Ex. Locks NOT ((security AND device) OR locking OR FAB OR entry OR door OR door OR keys)'
 * AND' (= all of the words) - narrows the query
 * OR (= any of the words) - expands the query
 * NOT (= removes unwanted references)

Proximity Operators

 * Specify the sequence or distance between search terms
 * NEAR' - specifies the maximum distance between words (e.g. x near/3 y → x and y will be max 3 words apart)
 * ADJ' (adjacent) - words next to each other, but no matter the order
 * Followed' by - words next to each other in the exact order

Free Information Resources - Medicine

 * www.nlk.cz/nlkcz/infozdroj/infozdroj.php
 * pez.cuni.cz
 * MediClub
 * Zdrav.cz

Internet today - Web 2.0

 * The term describes the trends and new possibilities of the Internet
 * Term first used 2004 by Tim O'Reilly
 * Ross Mayfiled - "Web 1.0 was commerce, web 2.0 is people"
 * Users can do more than just get information

Earlier

 * web content is created by the owner
 * updates as the owner allows
 * there is no community - the visitor is a passive recipient of information

Internet today - Web 2.0

 * Visitors actively participate in content creation
 * Interaction required - through discussions, chat, personal profile
 * Web is a living organism - millions of content creators
 * Emergence of communities - interest, professional - personal profile creation
 * blogs, wiki systems
 * AJAX - changes the content of their pages without having to reload them (maps - zoom)
 * tagging, folksonomy
 * RSS - on-demand notifications of news on selected pages

Web 2.0 search engines

 * www.kartoo.com

Related articles

 * Information and Information Institutions
 * Catalogues (1st LF UK, NT)
 * Fundamentals of open source search
 * Orientation to available e-resources
 * Information resources at the UK
 * Full-text electronic information resources
 * Citing literature used
 * Digital portfolio from an R&D perspective
 * Written scholarly or professional communication