Portal:Exam Topics in Hygiene and Epidemiology (1LF, D)

Hygiene

 * 1) Air pollution and human health. Health implications of human exposure to major harmful substances in the environment.
 * 2) Water and health. Drinking water - quality requirements. Water borne health hazards.
 * 3) Lifestyle; risk factors of civilization diseases.
 * 4) Tobacco dependence: epidemiology, health impact, prevention
 * 5) Tobacco dependence as a disease, treatment; role of health professionals.
 * 6) Oral hygiene in caries prevention.
 * 7) Role of various food groups in human nutrition.
 * 8) Dietary guidelines for the population.
 * 9) Role of minerals and trace elements in human nutrition and their importance (source, deficiency, excess).
 * 10) Role of vitamins in human nutrition (source, deficiency, excess).
 * 11) Nutritional disorders related to deficiency or excess of nutrients.
 * 12) Importance of nutrition in diseases of oral cavity.
 * 13) Toxic substances in foods.
 * 14) Development in and issues of childhood and adolescence from stomatologist’s point of view.
 * 15) Allergens in environmental and occupational settings. Health hazards, prevention options.
 * 16) Stomatologic workplace and occupational hazards in stomatology.
 * 17) Occupational diseases of health care providers, principles of their health protection.
 * 18) Physical factors of environment (microclimate and lighting).
 * 19) Physical factors of environment (noise and vibrations) – evaluation methods, protection against adverse effects.
 * 20) Ionizing radiation. Medical applications of ionizing radiation; protection principles.
 * 21) Physical factors of environment (UV radiation and electromagnetic field) – evaluation methods, protection against adverse effects.
 * 22) Chemical harmful substances in working environment – effects, principles of health protection during work at stomalogic workplaces.
 * 23) Mercury toxicity.
 * 24) Late effects of xenobiotics.
 * 25) Solid and liquid wastes issues; wastes from health facilities and their specific features.

Epidemiology

 * 1) Basic health indicators (morbidity, incidence, prevalence, mortality, fatality rate).
 * 2) Primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
 * 3) Descriptive epidemiological methods and studies.
 * 4) Analytic and experimental epidemiological methods and studies.
 * 5) Measures of central tendency and variability Normal (Gaussian) distribution.
 * 6) Process of infection propagation - source of infection.
 * 7) Transmission of infection etiologic agents.
 * 8) Susceptible organism in the process of infection transmission.
 * 9) Preventive anti-epidemic measures.
 * 10) Immunization – importance, type of vaccines, mmunization in the Czech Republic.
 * 11) Repressive antiepidemic measures.
 * 12) Airborne infections.
 * 13) Foodborne infections.
 * 14) Infections of skin and superficial mucosa.
 * 15) Transmissive infections.
 * 16) Blood transmitted infections.
 * 17) Oral cavity infections.
 * 18) Nosocomial infections: sources, ways of transmission, most common etiological agents.
 * 19) Nosocomial infections: incidence, risk factors, prevention.
 * 20) Principle of safety measures of work with biological material.
 * 21) Sterilization - importance, methods.
 * 22) Disinfection - importance, methods.
 * 23) Chronic diseases occurring at a mass scale – term “civilization disease”
 * 24) Epidemiology of head and neck cancer.
 * 25) Epidemiology of caries and parodontopathies.