DNA isolation and genetic markers

The development of molecular biology and the application of the PCR type in routine diagnostics open up completely new trends in the screening of GIT tumors. The latest screening methods are based on the detection of specific mutations by PCR or biochip technology in isolated DNA from a stool sample.

Molecular biology offers the possibility of detecting individual genetic markers of colorectal cancer in the adenoma − cancer sequence:loss/mutation of APC gene to 5q, overexpression of COX-2, activation/mutation K-ras at 12q, loss / mutation of p53 at 17p, loss of DCC at 18q. Gene mutations can be detected in a biopsy sample of colon tissue or in a stool sample after DNA isolation from colonic mucosal epithelia. Commercially available kits provide isolation of 10-30 μg of DNA from a 220 mg stool sample during the 50-minute process and removal of inhibitors for furtherPCR analysis. Real-time PCR techniques allow, for example, the detection of hypermethylation of the SFRP2 gene in DNA isolated from the stool, as a marker of colorectal cancer. thumb|Molekulární mechanismy KR-CA

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