Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism (1.LF, NT)

Lipid transport:
 * Albumin - non-esterified MK
 * alpha 2-microglobulin - retinol
 * Lipoproteins - non-polar lipids

Lipoprotein division

 * 1) Using ultracentrifugation: based on hydrated density: VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL
 * 2) Electrophoretic: alpha-lipoproteins, pre-beta-lipoproteins, beta-lipoproteins, chylomicrons
 * 3) Immunochemical methods: apo A, apo B, apo C, apo D, apo E, ...

Apolipoprotein function

 * They are cofactors of enzymes efficient in lipoprotein metabolism
 * They mediate the binding of lipoprotein particles to specific receptors
 * They are structural proteins of lipoprotein particles
 * Participates in the transfer or exchange of lipid particles between individual lipoproteins

Meaning of HDL

 * Reverse transport of cholesterol from cells to the liver
 * Prevents oxidation of LDL particles, replaces oxidized LDL components with non-oxidized ones
 * HDL paraoxonase enzyme inhibits LDL oxidation and destroys biologically active oxidized phospholipids

Basic examination of lipid metabolism

 * Cholesterol: 3.8 - 5.2 mmol / l
 * TAG: 0.9 - 1.7 mmol / l
 * HDL:> 1.1 mmol / l
 * LDL: <4.5 mmol / l

Target values ​​of Czech society for atherosclerosis

 * Cholesterol: 4.5 - 5.0 mmol / l (for low-risk people up to 6.0 mmol / l)
 * HDL> 1.1 mmol / l
 * LDL <2.5 mmol / l in secondary prevention (<3 - 3.5 mmol / l in high risk, <4 - 4.5 mmol / l in low risk)
 * TAG <1.7 mmol / l (2.0)

Further examination
Friedwald LDL cholesterol calculation
 * the formula cannot be used if the TAG level> 4.5 mmol / l
 *  LDL - chol. = total chol. - (HDL - chol. + TAG x 0.37) mmol / l 

Atherogenic Index (AI)  AI = (total cholesterol - HDL) / HDL 

Apo A-I and apo B-100 concentrations, lipoprotein electrophoresis