Glandulae vesiculosae

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Glandulae vesiculosae, vesiculae seminales or seminal vesicles are bladder-shaped glands that are formed by a system of irregularly enlarged tubular formations. They represent accessory sex glands with dimensions of 4–5 cm x 1.5 cm and tubular diameters of 3–4 mm.

Both glandulae vesiculosae have ducts, ductuli excretorii, which connect with the ductuli deferentes, to form ductuli ejaculatorii, which end in the pars prostatica urethrae. They are located subperitoneally, laterally from the ampoule ductus deferens, under the immersion of the urethra into the fundus vesicae.

the septum rectovesicale participates in their fixation and they are cranially touched by the excavatio rectovesicalis.

Histology
Glandulae vesiculosae are composed of three layers: Tunica mucosa is formed by numerous branching cilia formed by a single- to bilayered columnar epithelium. In the mucous membrane are embedded goblet-shaped cells, whose role is the secretion of part of the ejaculate. Part of the tunica mucosa is lamina propria mucosae consisting of loose collagenous connective tissue. Under the mucosa is located smooth muscle, tunica muscularis, composed of two layers. Superficial, longitudinal and internal, circular. The last layer is the tunica adventitia, which covers the glandulae vesiculosae and feeds the nerves and vessels.
 * tunica mucosa;
 * tunica muscularis;
 * tunica adventitia.

Vascular supply
Glandulae vesiculosae do not have their own vascular supply, therefore arterial blood is supplied by arteries from surrounding organs, a. vesicalis inferior (a. iliaca interna), a., a. vesicalis inferior (a. iliaca interna), a. rectalis media (a.mesenterica inferior – a. illiaca interna) a a. ductus deferentis (variant of spacing: a. vesicalis inferior/ a. umbilicalis /a. iliaca interna).

Odkysličená krev je odváděna do plexus venosus vesicalis a plexus venosus prostaticus, které navzájem komunikují (v. iliaca interna). Lymfa odtéká do nodi lymphatici iliaci interni et externi.

Anatomickou inervaci zabezpečuje plexus hypogastricus inferior.

Funkce
Hlavní funkcí glandulae vesiculosae je tvorba alkalického sekretu, který tvoří více než polovinu ejakulátu (cca 70 %) a upravuje pH vhodné pro pohyb spermií. Obsahuje fruktózu jako zdroj energie pro pohyb spermií, citrát, inositol a prostaglandiny působící na hladkou svalovinu pohlavních cest u žen. Za jeho sekreci je zodpovědný testosteron.

Související články

 * Prostata
 * Mužské pohlavní ústrojí

Zdroj