Lung Transplantation

The lung transplantation is very complicated life saving surgery. It is usually the last kind of therapeutic procedure by patients in end stage of lung disease (COPD, bronchiolotis obliterans). The lung can be replaced partialy or totaly or totaly with heart. The first lung transplantation was made by James Hardy in 1963, the patient died after 18 days. The patients in 2011 have chance to live longer than 20 years.

Contraindications
Absolute contraindications include :
 * serious kidney or liver dysfunction;
 * active extrapulmonary infection;
 * current abuse of narcotics, alcohol or tobacco;
 * progressive neuromuscular didease;
 * active malignacy in last 2 year (but in special cases more than 5 years − melanoma level III and higher, coon cancer higher than Duke A, breast cancer stage 2 and higher and extracapsular renal tumors).

Relative contraindications are :
 * medical condition of the patient;
 * endstage organe damage;
 * systemic hypertension;
 * diabetes mellitus;
 * peptide ulcer disease.

Other risk factors are:
 * osteoporosis → post-transplant bone fractures;
 * morbid obesity or cachexia → is associated with increased postoperative mortality.