Congenital malformations of the auricle

Classification of deformities according to Roger

 * microcia (hypoplasia of pinna)
 * overhanging bolt (lop ear)
 * cone-shaped ear (cup ear)
 * retired bolter (otapostasis)

Classification according to Tanzer

 * Anocia (complete absence of pinna)
 * complete hypoplasia (microcia) with / without atresia of the external auditory canal
 * hypoplasia of the middle 1/3 of the ear
 * hypoplasia of the upper 1/3 of the ear: "constricted ear" (overhanging pinna + cone-shaped ear), cryptocia, hypoplasia of the entire upper 1/3
 * removed bolts

Other deformities

 * appendices praeauriculares (rudimentary growths around the pinna)
 * fistulas incomplete (lead a short distance) / complete (lead to the mouth or pharynx)

Associated diseases

 * hearing disorders based on anomalies of the middle ear, developmental disorders of the inner ear, hereditary disorders of cochlear development
 * hemifacial microstomia
 * urinary tract anomalies

Treatment

 * operation changing the shape of the cartilaginous part of the auricle → change of soft tissues.
 * most often surgery for detached auricles
 * in case of non-development of the auricle, we reconstruct the cartilaginous part with cartilage from the rib + soft tissue by tissue expansion and local displacements

Related Articles

 * Congenital defects of the external and middle ear
 * Acquired Bolt Defects