The most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children

Demographics and Statistics

 * 2006: approx. 2.2 million children in the Czech Republic (up to their 19th birthday)
 * number of newborn – 2018: 114,000, 2006: 105,831, 2004: 97,664, 2003: 93,685
 * infant mortality – 2018: 2.5 ‰, 2006: 3.3 ‰, 2003: 3.9 ‰
 * from the point of view of pediatricians, the demographic development is unfavorable (in 1993, 135,000 children were born)

Neonatal mortality (NI)

 * Total NICU = dead newborns (up to the 28th day of life)/ all live births
 * Early NICU = newborns who died before the 7th day of life/ all live births
 * Late NICU = deceased newborns from the 8th to the 28th day of life/ all live births
 * Stillbirth = stillbirths/all births
 * Perinatal mortality = sum of stillbirth and early neonatal mortality
 * Postneonatal mortality = proportion of children who died after 28 days to 1 year/ all live births
 * Infant mortality = sum of neonatal and post-neonatal mortality
 * number of children born alive who do not live to see their 1st birthday
 * for statistics - number of deaths per 1000 live births
 * decline in mortality in the 1950s (ATB therapy, introduction of vaccination)
 * in 1991 infant mortality 9 per thousand (historically the first drop below 10 per thousand)

under one year of age

 * 1) perinatal causes (premature babies, etc.) up to 50%
 * 2) congenital malformations, deformities, chromosomal abnormalities (25%)
 * 3) respiratory causes (5%)
 * 4) SIDS
 * 5) injuries and accidents
 * 6) infections and diseases of the circulatory system

1-4 years

 * 1) injuries
 * 2) congenital malformations, deformations, chromosomal abnormalities
 * 3) malignant tumors
 * 4) murders
 * 5) heart disorders

5-9 years

 * 1) injuries
 * 2) malignant tumors
 * 3) congenital malformations, deformations, chromosomal abnormalities
 * 4) murders
 * 5) heart disorders

10-19 years

 * 1) injuries
 * 2) suicides
 * 3) murders
 * 4) malignant tumors
 * 5) heart disorders

Morbidity (disease) of children and adolescents

 * increase in allergies – 108 allergy sufferers per 1,000 children under the age of 14 (+10 compared to 2001)
 * psychosocial, psychiatric problems - increase from preschool age
 * chronic diseases – a paradox associated with increased quality of care for serious diseases (management of previously incurable conditions), genetic factors combined with external ones (type 1 DM), new diagnosable and treatable diseases (hereditary metabolic disorders)
 * diseases of the locomotor system - especially in teenagers
 * nutrition disorders - all age categories
 * a new "morbidity" of adolescents - pregnancy: in 2003, 26 girls under the age of 15 and 909 girls under the age of 18 gave birth
 * at the JIRP clinic, about 80 poisonings per year, mainly alcohol for teenagers

Prevention

 * previously: vaccination, nutrition, hyg. habits
 * today: accident prevention, proper lifestyle (moving school, ...)