Osteosynthesis and its principles

Osteosynthesis is the surgical treatment of open and complicated fractures. We use metal implants (plates, screws, wires, nails, external fixators) to connect bone fragments. When the bone fragments are immobilized, the free movement of the adjacent joints is preserved, which enables early mobilization. At the same time, we eliminate muscle forces causing the dislocation of fragments. Osteosynthesis is preceded by reduction under X-ray control and prophylactic ATB. plates and screws (AO osteosynthesis – precise open reduction + fixation with plates and screws); bilateral; single-plane (frame); 1. We use internal fixation for less complicated fractures. It is a surgical approach in which the implant is covered by soft tissues or embedded in the bone.
 * multi-level (circular).
 * traction cerclage.
 * intramedullary:
 * intramedullary:

Types of osteosynthesis according to fixation approach

 * separate screws;

Other types of osteosynthesis
implants (elastic wires) percutaneously or through a small incision 2. External fixation is used for comminuted, open fractures with extensive damage to soft structures and in polytrauma. Fixation placed outside the skin cover consists of Schanz screws', Steinmann nails or '''Kirschner wires (K-wires)'' inserted into the bone percutaneously or through small incisions and an external construct : biological osteosynthesis - closed reduction + intramedullary osteosynthesis without predrilling Machine Translated by Google fractures in old patients (early mobilization); secured nailing - screws passing through the bone and through the hole in the nail perpendicular to the long axis
 * a special type is minimally invasive osteosynthesis - closed reduction + introduction of intramedullary
 * bundle of K-wires according to Hacketal;
 * intramedullary nailing (the trend is undrilled secured nails);
 * unilateral (clamp);
 * extramedullary:
 * Enderova osteosyntéza.
 * Enderova osteosyntéza.

Indications for osteosynthesis
File:TSF 4.jpg|Taylor designed multi-level external fixation system File:Shans pin.jpg|Schanz pin (dynamically secured intramedullary nail, bridging plates) File:Kirschner wires ulna.jpg|4 Kirschner wires inserted in the humerus (X-ray) pre-drilling of the medullary cavity - damage to the vascular supply (formation of the endosteal muscle), risk adaptive osteosynthesis - the fragments are stabilized in the required position, there is no movement of the fragments File:Broad DCP.jpg|Plinth 1 multiple fractures;
 * intra-articular fractures with dislocation of fragments;
 * stable osteosynthesis
 * Relatively – enables a certain defined minimal movement of the fragments, which potentiates the formation of the muscle

the bone (clavicular fractures or olecranon ulnae break-off) File:AO external fixator.jpg|Single-plane external fixator nail, compression splints) File:Steinman pins.jpg|Steinman pin File:K-Fuss-z2.jpg|Screw-secured intramedullary nail osteosynthesis, X-ray image of the tibia fractures with interposition of soft tissues; defined, additional fixation is required to eliminate muscle strength (external fixator, plaster cast, etc.) fat embolism (especially in polytrauma patients) File:Buttress plates.jpg|Plate 2 Machine Translated by Google
 * traction cerclage - fixation of fragments with two Kirschner wires and a loop of flexible wire that is placed on the surface of
 * traction cerclage - fixation of fragments with two Kirschner wires and a loop of flexible wire that is placed on the surface of
 * open fractures;
 * absolutely – there is no movement of fragments due to muscle force (traction cerclage, statically secured intramedullary
 * closed fractures, primarily unstable;
 * url = https://langenbeck.webs.com/

Advantages and disadvantages of osteosynthesis
}} the advantage is the possibility of early mobilization (atrophy and contractures do not occur); {{Citation juxtaarticular fractures; fractures that failed primary reduction;
 * temporary fixation in polytrauma;
 * surname1 = Pastor
 * surname1 = Pastor
 * treatment of joint and bone infections;

Related Articles
Types of fractures and their dislocations the disadvantage is the risk of infection (both wound and bone) and prolongation of bone healing time. additional fixation in adaptive osteosynthesis;
 * name = Langenbeck's medical web page
 * cited = 2010
 * open fractures;
 * type = web

Links
fractures with simultaneous damage to blood vessels and nerves. Machine Translated by Google
 * name1 = Jan
 * treatment of bone defects (lengthening - calotaxis).

Machine Translated by Google