Bacterial Gastroenteritis

The bacterial diarrhoeal diseases include (in order of frequency of occurrence in the Czech Republic) :
 * Campylobacter enteritis (caused by: Campylobacter).
 * Salmonella Enteritis ( caused by: Salmonella enteritidis, typhimurium).
 * Shigellosis (caused by: Shigella dysenteriae, flexneri, boydii, sonnei).
 * Typhoid fever (caused by: Salmonella typhi).
 * Paratyfus (caused by: Salmonella paratyphi).
 * Cholera (caused by: Vibrio cholerae).


 * Infections caused by Escherichia coli].

Campylobacter enteritis

 * agent: Campylobacter jejuni (gram-negative rods),
 * reservoir: pets, infected people,
 * transmission: contaminated food (meat),
 * incubation period: 2–7 days,
 * clinical presentation: fever, fatigue, muscle aches, watery diarrhea, sometimes with blood, convulsive abdominal pain,
 * diagnosis: stool cultivation on special soils,
 * treatment: symptomatic, event. macrolides,
 * complications: post-infectious arthritis; exceptionally organ involvement (hematogenous spread).

Salmonella enteritis

 * or non- typhoid salmonellosis,
 * agent: Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium (gram-negative rods),
 * reservoir: cattle, pigs, chickens,
 * transmission: contaminated food (eggs, meat, milk) and drinking water,
 * infectious dose: high,
 * incubation period: 10–12 hours,
 * clinical presentation: vomiting, watery to green stools, abdominal pain, fever, headache, general weakness,
 * diagnosis: stool cultivation,
 * treatment: symptomatic, event. fluoroquinolones (adults only),
 * complications: septicemia, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, soft tissue abscesses.

Typhoid fever

 * agent: Salmonella typhi (Gram-negative rod),
 * reservoir: human,
 * transmission: in contact with the patient or bacillus carrier,
 * incubation period: about 2 weeks,
 * clinical presentation: creeping onset; fever, fatigue, headache, swelling of the tongue with a whitish or brownish coating, bloody diarrhea or constipation, then stool-like pea, splenomegaly, impaired consciousness, redness of the abdomen, alterations in general condition,
 * diagnosis: stool cultivation,
 * treatment: symptomatic (rehydration, correction of the internal environment) and antibiotic (ampicillin or cotrimoxazole),
 * prevention: vaccination before travel to risk areas.

Shigellosis

 * or bacillary dysentery,
 * Agent: Shigella sonnei (most common in the Czech Republic), Sh. flexneri, Sh. dysenteriae, Sh. boydii (gram-negative),
 * reservoir: human (sick or bacillus carrier),
 * transmission: hands contaminated with stool,
 * infectious dose: very low,
 * incubation period: 3 days,
 * clinical presentation: fever, abdominal pain, tenezms, watery stools with mucus and veins of blood (acute ulcerative colitis),
 * diagnosis: stool cultivation,
 * treatent: symptomatic, event. cotrimoxazole, ampicillin, fluoroquinolones in adults (ATB suitable only in the first days of the disease); isolation,
 * complications: perforation of the large intestine; meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, otitis, pneumonia, phlebitis.

Realted articles

 * Antidiaroids