Histology MCQs/Cell



{Where inside the cell takes place the ATP synthase? - In the cell membrane - In the the cytoplasm + In the inner mitochondrial membrane - In the outer mitochondrial membrane
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{Which is common number of chromosomes (diploid count) in the non-mitotic cell? - 21 pairs - 22 pairs + 23 pairs - 24 pairs
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{Which cytoskeletal structure is associated with dyneins? - Vimentin + Microtubules - Actin filaments - Intermediate filaments
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{Where takes place final sorting ("addressing") of proteins? - Peroxisomes + Golgi apparatus - Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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{For which molecules is a simple diffusion main mechanism of transportation through the cell membrane? - Aminoacids - Monosaccharides + Lipophilic molecules - Positively charged proteins
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{How are called enzymes which are responsible for fragmentation of cellular structures during apoptosis? + Caspases - Phosphatases - Phosphokinases - Adenylatcyclases
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{How are transported natrium ions through the cell membrane? - Diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer - Diffusion through the membrane rafts + Through the specific channels - Through the aquaporins
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{How is called the phase of the cycle in which is the cell in the rest and does not proliferate? + G0 phase - G1 phase - G2 phase - G3 phase
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{How is stored the glycogen? - Glycogen is stored freely dissolved in the cytoplasm + Glycogen is stored as granules in the cytoplasm - Glycogen is stored inside membranous vacuoles - Glycogen is stored as nuclear inclusions
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{How many membranes (biomembranes) form the nuclear envelope? - One membrane + Two membranes - Three membranes - There are no membranes is the nuclear envelope
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{Which of following statements describes lipofuscin the best? - Material waiting for secretion out of the cell + End-product of digestion in lysosomes - Storage of molecules for further use - Protection of the nucleus
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{Inner layer of the nuclear envelope is called lamina fibrosa. What is its chemical nature? (i.e., "Which molecules form the lamina fibrosa?") + Proteins which belong to the intermediate filaments - Proteins which belong to the microfilaments - Polysaccharides related to the glycocalyx - Lipoprotein particles
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{Which type of cytoskeleton is associated with kinesins? - Intermediate filaments - Actin filaments + Microtubules - Vimentin
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{What are lamins? (i.e., "Which structures are called lamins?") - Intermediate filaments inside the cell nucleolus + Intermediate filaments inside the cell nucleus - Microfilaments inside the cell nucleolus - Microfilaments inside cell nucleus
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{Which type of enzymes is inside lysosomes? - Alcaline phosphatase + Hydrolytic enzymes - Phosphokinases - Dehydrogenases
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{What is basic chemical structure of biological membrane? + Phospholipid bilayer - Cholesterol bilayer - Protein-based web - Polysaccharides
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{Which type of cytoskeleton is associated with myosin motors? - Intermediate filaments + Actin filaments - Microtubules - Vimentin
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{How is called well stainable (i.e. "darker") nuclear chromatin? - Euchromatin - Pars fibrosa - Pars granulosa + Heterochromatin
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{Nuclear envelope continues (i.e., is in association with, can be assumed as a part of) as other cell organelle. Which one? - Nuclear envelope is completely separated, there are no similar organelles + Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus
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{Which type of enzymes are usually present in peroxisomes? - Peroxidase and alcaline phosphatase - Phosphokinase and calatase + Peroxidase and catalase - Alcoholdehydrogenase
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{Which proteins are main proteins of the nucleosome? - Cytokeratines - Phosphatases - Integrins + Histones
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{Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has several functions, but one of following functions is not the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which one? - Metabolisms of some toxic compounds - Synthesis of phospholipids - Storage of calcium ions + Synthesis of proteins
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{Vimentin (vimentin intermediate filaments) is marker of one cell population (i.e., it is present in huge amount). Which one? - Cells of nerve tissue - Cells of epithelial origin + Cells of mesenchymal origin - Cells originating in the neural crest
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{What is main function of histones? + Histones are nuclear proteins which are involved mainly in arrangement of DNA - Histones are nuclear proteins which are involved mainly in direct regulation of gene expression - Histones are cytoplasmic proteins which are involved mainly in further processing of mRNA - Histones are cytoplasmic proteins which are responsible mainly for regulation of life-span of mRNA
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{What does it mean that mitosis of stem cell is asymmetric? - Daughter cells are different according to their genetics. Amount of genetic information in one if them is obviously smaller than in the second + Daughter cells are different according to their function. One of them remains the stem cell whereas the second differentiates to mature cell - Daughter cells are different according to their energetic. After cytokinesis, majority of mitochondria is in one daughter cell only - Daughter cells are different according to their morphology. One of them is obviously smaller than the second
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{What is it a glycocalyx? - Group of integral proteins serving as a support for membrane-associated polysaccharides - Layer of peripheral proteins associated with outer side of the cell membrane - Layer of peripheral proteins associated with inner side of the cell membrane + Layer of saccharides bind on the the cell membrane
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{What is it an ubiquitin? + Small protein which labels proteins targeted to degradation in proteasomes - Small protein which labels proteins targeted to degradation in lysosomes - Oligosaccharide which labels proteins targeted to degradation in proteasomes - Oligosaccharide which labels proteins targeted to degradation in lysosomes
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{What is main function of cyclin-dependent kinases? + Phosphorylation of other important protein and keeping the cell cycle in progress - After binding of cyclins, these enzymes modify DNA - After binding of cyclins, these enzymes replicate DNA - Removing of used cyclines
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{What is main function of nucleolus? - Synthesis of lipids - Synthesis of sugars + Synthesis of rRNA - Synthesis of mRNA
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{What is main function of rough endoplasmic reticulum? - Synthesis of sterols (derivatives of cholesterol) - Metabolic trasformation of toxic substances - Synthesis of phospholipids + Synthesis of proteins
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{What is not common for apoptosis? + Spontaneous course of whole process - Degradation of membrane proteins - Fragmentation of DNA - Consumption of energy
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{What is it a pinocytosis? - Ingestion of big particles, for example death cells - Passing of water and ions through membrane channels + Ingestion of small volumes of fluid into the cell - Excretion of material out of the cell
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{Where takes place checking of quality of packing of the proteins (quality of conformation)? - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum + Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - Lysosomes
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{Which of following cell junctions is usually responsible for mechanical cohesivity? + Desmosome (macula adhaerens) - Gap junction (nexus) - Zonula adhaerens - Focal adhesion
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{Which of following statements describes an active transport the best? - Active transport is important for maintenance of activity of cell receptors - Carrier proteins select molecules for the transport actively - Active transport is a sign of metabolic activity of the cell + Carrier proteins consume energy for main transport
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{Which of following statements describes an autophagy the best? - Cell surrounds part of its own cytoplasm with organelles by a membrace which later on fuses with proteasomes. Resulting structure is called autophagosome and the content is digested. + Cell surrounds part of its own cytoplasm with organelles by a membrane which later on fuses with lysosomes. Resulting structure is called autophagosome and the content is digested. - Cell which is not true phagocyte ingests other labeled cell. Cell in cell is called autophagosome and its content is slowly dissolved. - Balance of the cell metabolism is skewed from the anabolism to the catabolism, the cell seemingly slowly digest itself.
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{Which order of steps of mitosis is correct? + Prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase - Metaphase - telophase - anaphase - prophase - Telophase - metaphase - prophase - anaphase - Anaphase - prophase - metaphase - telophase
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{Which type of cytoskeleton is associated with desmosomes (macula adhaerens)? - Desmosomes are not associated with the cytoskeleton + Intermediate filaments - Actin filaments - Mictotubules
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{Which type of cytoskeleton is associated with gap junctions (nexus)? + Gap junctions are not associated with cytoskeleton - Vimentin filaments - Actin filaments - Mictotubules
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{Which type of cytoskeleton is associated with zonulae occludentes (tight junction)? - Intermediate filaments - Vimentin filaments + Actin filaments - Mictotubules
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{Which type of cytoskeleton supports kinocillia? - Intermediate filaments - Vimentin filaments - Actin filaments + Mictotubules
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{Which staining is appropriate tool for proof of glycogen granules? - Silver impregnantion according to Gömöri - Azocoupling reaction - Feulgen's reaction + PAS reaction
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{Which statement about the intermediate filaments is true? - Some intermediate filaments are temoporary structures, some are stable structures - Rearrangement of intermediate filaments is perforemd without depolymerization - Intermediate filaments polymerize and depolymerize quickly + Intermediate filaments are stable structures
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{Which statement about the mitochondrial DNA is true? - There can be some DNA inside mitochondria, but these fragments do not contain genes + Mitochondria have they own circular DNA - Mitochondria have they own linear DNA - There is no DNA inside mitochondria
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{Which statement about the mitochondrial membranes is true? - Mitochondria have three membranes - inner, middle and outer + Mitochondria have two membranes - inner and outer - Mitochondria have only one membrane - Mitochondria have no membrane
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{Which statemnt about microtubules is true? + Microtubules grow from the centrosome and quickly disintegrate - Microtubules quickly form regular network inside the cell and quickly disintegrate - Microtubules grow from the centrosome, the star-shaped network is stable - Microtubules form stable regular network inside the cell
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{Which structure supports (i.e., forms their inner "skeleton") stereocillia? - Intermediate filaments - Vimentin filaments + Actin filaments - Mictotubules
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{Which technique allows us to distinguish different chromosomes? - Lectin histochemistry using horse radish peroxidase as a label - Immunohistochemistry labeled by fluorescent dye + Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) - Feulgen's reaction
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{Which type of membrane receptors is not common in our cells? - Receptors associated with ion channels + Receptors associated with ATP synthase - Receptors with own enzymatic activity - Receptors associated with G proteins
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 * In fact, these receptors do not exists

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