Mucorales

Mucorales belong to the fibrous micromycetes, zygomycetes, which are also called true fungi. They are the cause of numerous systematic mycoses, but also saprophytes on plant substrates (eg grain, fruit). They mainly cause zygomycosis, which can be divided into rhinocerebral and pulmonary, as well as infections of severe burns, sepsis and otomycosis of the external auditory canal.

Mucorales invade the walls of large blood vessels and, due to their rapid growth, form venous thrombi made up of hyphae, leukocytes and platelets, triggering a life-threatening embolism that can lead to the death of the patient.

They create non-septic hyphae and are furry in appearance with a brownish-gray colour. They grow well in petri dishes, where there will be a massive increase in aerial mycelium. They produce mycotoxins, which settle in food and burns. The only effective therapy is amphotericin B.

The most important genera imclude: Absidia spp., Rhizomucor spp., Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp.

Absidia spp.
With Absidias, it is important to remember that they form clusters of sporangiophores at the top of the stolon arches and small rhizoids. They have a pointed column with typical apophysis and are more sensitive to multiple antifungals. Amphotericin B and itraconazole are primarily used in therapy.

The most important agent is A. corymbifera, which causes external otitis, pneumonia and other infections in predisposed individuals.

Mucor spp.
Unlike Absidia, mucors have no rhizoids. They are genera that form branched sporangiophores, resembling Rhizomucor. Important representatives are M. piriformis and M. plumbeus. They cause rhinocerebral mycoses, otomycosis and infections of extensive burns. Amphotericin B is used for therapy. Or M. mucedo, which degrades food.

Rhizopus spp.
Rhizopus, on the other hand, above which there are bundles of sporangiophores and arched stolons between them. Kolumela is shaped like an umbrella, and the sporangioconids are grooved. Prominent representatives are R. arrhizus and R. microsporus. They cause diseases like Mucor spp..

Other minor members are Cunninghamella spp., which is known to cause nosocomial infections, and Syncephalastrum spp., which has little pathological application to humans.

Related articles

 * Antifungals
 * Yeast
 * Pneumonia
 * Dermatomycoses

Literature

 * VOTAVA, Miroslav, et al. Lékařská mikrobiologie speciální. 1. vydání. Brno : Neptun, 2003. 495 s.  ISBN 80-902896-6-5.


 * JULÁK, Jaroslav. Úvod do lékařské bakteriologie. 1. vydání. Praha : Karolinum, 2006. 404 s.  ISBN 8024612704.



Recommendation

 * BEDNÁŘ, Marek, Andrej SOUČEK a Věra FRAŇKOVÁ, et al. Lékařská mikrobiologie : Bakteriologie, virologie, parazitologie. 1. vydání. Praha : Marvil, 1996. 558 s.  ISBN 8023802976.