Portal:Questions for State Examination in Internal Medicine (1.LF, GM)

Cardiology and angiology

1. Arterial hypertension
2. Secondary arterial hypertension
3. Treatment of arterial hypertension - major classes of antihyertensive drugs and their main pharmacological properties
4. Atherosclerosis risk factors; assessment of total cardiovascular risk
5. Multifactorial approach to cardiovascular risk reduction; primary and secondary prevention
6. Treatment of tobacco use and dependence
7. Coronary heart disease - pathogenesis and clinical manifestations
8. Chronic forms of coronary heart disease
9. Treatment of chronic forms of coronary heart disease
10. Unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevations
11. Acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevations
12. Treatment of acute coronary syndromes
13. Complications of acute myocardial infarction
14. Mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation
15. Aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation
16. Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection
17. Valvular diseases of right heart (esp. tricuspid. regurgitation)
18. Diseases of the pericardium; cardiac tamponade
19. Myocarditis
20. Cardiomyopathies
21. Infective endocarditis
22. Chronic heart failure
23. Treatment of chronic heart failure
24. Acute heart failure, pulmonary edema
25. Bradyarrhytmias and bundle branch blocks
26. Supraventricular arrhytmias
27. Ventricular arrhytmias
28. Atrial fibrilation, its complications and treatment
29. Principles of therapy of arrhytmias
30. Cardiopulmonary arrest; cardiopulmonary resuscitation
31. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; basic and advanced life support
32. Shock
33. Syncope and presyncope
34. Pulmonary embolism
35. Pulmonary hypertension; cor pulmonale
36. Deep vein thrombosis
37. Treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
38. Diseases of the superficial venous system
39. Varicose veins; chronic venous insufficiency
40. Acute forms of peripheral arterial disease
41. Chronic forms of peripheral arterial disease
42. Treatment of peripheral arterial disease
43. Cerebrovascular disease

Gastroenterology and hematology

1. Diseases of esophagus
2. Gastritis and gastropathy
3. Peptic ulcer disease
4. Treatment of peptic ulcer disease
5. Tumors of the stomach and duodenum
6. Gastroinstestinal hemorrhage (hematemesis, melena, hematochezia - rectal bleeding)
7. Nausea, vomiting, singultus
8. Malabsorption
9. Diverticula of the gastrointestinal tract; diverticular disease of the colon
10. Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
11. Treatment of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
12. Polyps of the gastrointestinal tract; inherited polyposis syndromes
13. Colorectal cancer
14. Colorectal cancer screening and prevention
15. Diseases of the rectum and anus
16. Upper and lower gastrointestinal functional disorders
17. Constipation and diarrhea
18. Symptomatic therapy of nauzea, vomiting, constipation and diarrhea
19. Acute cholecystitis and cholangitis
20. Cholelithiasis and chronic cholecystitis
21. Hepatobiliary tumors
22. Jaundice
23. Viral hepatitis
24. Treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis
25. Metabolic disorders of the liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, porfyria, Wilson´s disease, hemochromatosis)
26. Cirrhosis of the liver
27. Hepatic failure
28. Portal hypertension;esophageal variceal hemorrhage
29. Treatment of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic failure
30. Acute and chronic pancreatitis
31. Carcinoma of the pancreas
32. Tumors od GI tract (including endocrine tumors)

Endocrinology and metabolism

1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
3. Acute complications of diabetes mellitus
4. Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus
5. Treatment of diabetes mellitus
6. Metabolic osteopathies. Paget disease
7. Treatment of osteoporosis
8. Disorders of calcium and phosphate homeostasis
9. Malnutrition
10. Enteral and parenteral nutrition
11. Prevention and treatment of malnutrition, artifical nutrition
12. Vitamin dieficiencies
13. Dyslipidemias
14. Treatment of dyslipidemias
15. Obesity
16. Treatment of obesity
17. Metabolic syndrome
18. Disorders of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland; diabetes insipidus
19. Diseases of the anterior pituitary
20. Diseases of the thyroid gland
21. Hyperthyreoidism
22. Hypothyreoidism
23. Goiter; thyroiditis; tumors of the thyroid gland
24. Diseases of the parathyroid glands
25. Diseases of the adrenal cortex
26. Cushing’s syndrome
27. Adrenocortical insufficiency; principles of therapy of hypocortisolism
28. Gonadal diseases; multiple endocrine neoplasia; polyglandular autoimmune syndromes

Nephrology

1. Acute renal failure
2. Treatment of acute renal failure
3. Chronic renal failure
4. Conservative treatment of chronic renal failure and its complications
5. Glomerulonephritis
6. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
7. Secondary glomerulopathies
8. Nephrotic syndrome
9. Tubulointerstitial nephritis
10. Hereditary nephropaties; polycystic kidney disease
11. Urinary tract infections and acute pyelonephritis
12. Treatment of urinary tract infections
13. Urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis
14. Renal tumors
15. Hypertension and the kidney
16. Diabetes and the kidney
17. Hemodialysis; peritoneal dialysis; kidney transplantation
18. Disordesr of water and sodium balance
19. Disordesr of potassium balance
20. Disordesr of acid-base balance

Pneumology

1. Acute infections of the lower airways
2. Chronic bronchitis; bronchiectasis
3. Inflammatory lung diseases - pneumonia, lung abscess
4. Antibiotic and adjunctive therapy of respiratory tract infections
5. Pulmonary tuberculosis
6. Bronchial asthma
7. Treatment of bronchial asthma
8. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
9. Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
10. Lung fibroses
11. Granulomatous diseases of the lung
12. Pleural diseases
13. Diseases of the mediastinum
14. Lung carcinoma
15. Hemoptysis
16. Pneumothorax
17. Respiratory failure
18. Respiratory emergencies

Hematology

1. Sideropenic anemia; anemia of chronic diseases
2. Megaloblastic anemias, pernicious anemia
3. Hemolytic anemias, congenital
4. Hemolytic anemias, aquired
5. Bone marrow aplasia
6. Bleeding disorders due to coagulation abnormalities
7. Autoimunne thrombocytopenias
8. Bleeding disorders due to platelet abnormalities: thrombocytopathies, thrombocytopenias (except ITP)
9. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
10. Myelodysplatic syndrome
11. Acute leukemias
12. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and related diseases
13. Chronic myeloid leukemia
14. Non-Hodgkin´s lymphomas
15. Hodgkin´s disease
16. Myeloproliferative diseases (except CML)
17. Multiple myeloma
18. Monoclonal gammapathies and diseases associated with MG; amyloidosis
19. Thrombophilias
20. Principls of supportive care in hematology
21. Febrile neutropenia
22. Blood transfusion procedure; complications of blood transfusion
23. Principles of rational use of blood transfusion; blood transfusion products and blood derivatives. Prerequisites for blood donation; screening and examination of donors
24. Hemapheresis in clinical hematology and transfusion medicine

Rheumatology and immunology

1. Rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopatic arthritis
2. Ankylosing spondylitis
3. Reactive arthritis and psoriatic arthritis
4. Systemic lupus erythematosus
5. Systemic sclerosis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis
6. Sjögren´s syndrome
7. Gout
8. Osteoartrhritis and spondylarthritis
9. Extra-articular rheumatism
10. Infectious arthtritis
11. Osteoporosis
12. Treatment of rheumatic diseases; biological therapy
13. Systemic vasculitis
14. Primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases
15. Allergic diseases; drug alergy

Miscellaneous topics

1. Special Problems in Geriatric Patients
2. Principal Geriatric Syndromes
3. Psychiatric Disorders in Geriatric Patients
4. Specific aspects of pharmacotherapy in the elderly
5. Lyme disease
6. Disorders due to heat and cold
7. Electrical injuriy
8. Poisoning with alcohol and methanol
9. Carbon monoxide poisoning
10. Mushroom poisoning
11. Poisoning with psychiatric drugs
12. Poisoning with analgesic drugs incl. opioids
13. Principles of pain management; side-effects of analgesic drugs
14. Systemic and topical corticosteroid therapy; side-effects of the therapy
15. General approach to the treamtnet of acute poisoning
16. Preoperative medical evaluation

Differential diagnosis

1. Differential diagnosis of chest pain
2. Differential diagnosis of dysponoea (breathlessness)
3. Differential diagnosis of palpitations
4. Differential diagnosis of altered consciousness
5. Differential diagnosis of edema
6. Differential diagnosis of pleural effusion
7. Differential diagnosis of anorexia (loss of appetite) and weight loss
8. Differential diagnosis of dysphagia
9. Differential diagnosis of abdominal pain
10. Differential diagnosis of hepatomegaly a splenomegaly
11. Differential diagnosis of ascites
12. Differential diagnosis of jaundice
13. Differential diagnosis of nausea and vomiting
14. Differential diagnosis of hematemesis
15. Differential diagnosis of melena and hematochezia (rectal bleeding)
16. Differential diagnosis of anemia
17. Differential diagnosis of lymph node enlargement (lymphadenopathy)
18. Differential diagnosis of fever
19. Differential diagnosis of raised ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP values
20. Differential diagnosis of joint swelling and pain
21. Differential diagnosis of hematuria
22. Differential diagnosis of oliguria and anuria
23. Differential diagnosis of renal failure
24. Differential diagnosis of elevated liver enzymes