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Portal:Exam Topics in Biology and Medical Genetics (1. LF, GM)

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see also current list of exam topics at the website of Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics

  1. Structure and Function of Prokaryotes
  2. Reproduction and Genetics of Bacterias and Viruses
  3. Conjugation, Transformation and Transduction.
  4. Episomes and Plasmids
  5. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells
  6. Signal Transmission in the Cell (receptors, G proteins, protein kinases)
  7. The Cell Cycle and its Regulation and Disturbances
  8. Mitosis and its Disturbances
  9. Cell and Tissue in vitro Cultivation
  10. Meiosis and its Disturbances
  11. Gametogenesis
  12. Structure of the Prokaryotic Chromosomes
  13. Structure the Eukaryotic Chromosomes
  14. Chromosome Number and Structure, Techniques of Examination
  15. Human Chromosomes (Karyotype)
  16. The Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination
  17. Disorders of the Autosomes
  18. Disorders of the Sex Chromosomes
  19. Abnormalities of Chromosome Structure
  20. Etiology of Chromosome Abnormalities
  21. Indications for Chromosome Analysis
  22. Prenatal Diagnosis of Chromosome Abnormalities
  23. Germ Cell and Somatic Cell Chromosome Mutations
  24. Genotype Variation, Mutations and Recombination
  25. Phenotype Variation, Environmental Influences
  26. G. Mendel and his Laws of Inheritance
  27. Family Studies, Pedigree Analysis
  28. Twins and Twin Studies
  29. Patterns of Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
  30. Patterns of Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
  31. Patterns of X-Linked Inheritance
  32. Multifactorial Inheritance, Heritability
  33. Disorders with Multifactorial Inheritance in Man
  34. Genetic Liability, Threshold Model.
  35. Dihybridism, non-allelic genes interaction
  36. Multiple Alleles
  37. Genetic Linkage
  38. Crossing-over, its mechanism and importance
  39. Genetic Linkage Analysis
  40. Genetic Mapping, Application of Human Genome Mapping
  41. Extrachromosomal and Non-Mendelian Inheritance
  42. DNA, Structure and Function
  43. RNAs, Structure and Function
  44. Gene Structure and Function
  45. The Genetic Code
  46. Protein coding and signal sequences of DNA
  47. DNA Replication
  48. Transcription and RNA Processing and Splicing
  49. Translation and Posttranslational Processing
  50. Gene Expression and its Regulation in Prokaryotes
  51. Gene Expression and its Regulation in Eukaryotes
  52. Mutagenes and Mutagenesis
  53. Gene Mutations, Types and Effects
  54. DNA Repair Mechanisms and their Disturbances
  55. Haemoglobin and the Haemoglobinopathies
  56. Nucleic Acid Polymorphism
  57. Protein Polymorphism
  58. The Molecular Basis of Genetic Diseases
  59. The Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Prevention and Therapy
  60. Gene Manipulation
  61. DNA Diagnostic Direct Methods
  62. DNA Diagnostic Indirect Methods
  63. Physical Mapping of Human Genome, HUGO
  64. The Major Histocompatibility Complex, HLA
  65. Genetics of Immunoglobulin Structure and Diversity
  66. Genetics of Transplantations
  67. Genetic Control of Immune Response
  68. The Function and Cooperation of Immunocompetent Cells
  69. The ABO Blood Groups, Genetics and Clinical Importance
  70. Rhesus Blood Group. Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn
  71. Immunodeficiency, Immunotolerance
  72. Genetics of Embryonic Development,
  73. Cell Differentiation
  74. Aging and Death, Apoptosis.
  75. Genomic Imprinting
  76. Sex Differentiation and its Disturbances
  77. Dysmorphology, Birth Defects in Humans
  78. Teratogenesis and Teratogenes
  79. Mutagenic and teratogenic factors of Environment
  80. Cancer Cells Characteristics
  81. Protooncogenes and Oncogenes
  82. Tumour Suppressor Genes
  83. Mutator Genes and Genome Stability.
  84. Cancer Families
  85. Presymptomatic Diagnostics of Cancers
  86. Immunity and Tumours, Gene Therapy
  87. Mendelian Population, Castle-Hardy-Weinberg Law
  88. Genetic Polymorphisms
  89. Factors Affecting C.-H.-W. Equilibrium
  90. Natural Selection (types)
  91. Inbreeding, Consanguinity and Inherited Diseases
  92. Genetic Drift and Gene Flow
  93. Genetic Mechanisms of Evolution
  94. Chromosome and Protein Evolution
  95. Evolution of the Human Species, Races
  96. Ecology, Main Ecology Problems.
  97. Genetic Counseling
  98. Carrier Detection and Presymptomatic Diagnostics
  99. Population Screening
  100. Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases
  101. Prevention and Treatment of Genetic Diseases
  102. Gene Therapy
  103. Ethical Issues in Medical Genetics, Eugenics.
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